Engineering Recommendation P26

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1 Engineering Recommendation P26 The Estimation of the Maximum Prospective Short-Circuit Current for Three Phase 415V Supplies Document originally produced by the Electricity Association.

2 2003 Energy Networks Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Energy Networks Association. Specific enquiries concerning this document should be addressed to: Engineering Directorate Energy Networks Association 18 Stanhope Place Marble Arch London W2 2HH This document has been prepared for use by members of the Energy Networks Association to take account of the conditions which apply to them. Advice should be taken from an appropriately qualified engineer on the suitability of this document for any other purpose.

3 Page i CONTENTS PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION SERVICE LINE ARRANGEMENTS THE PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT LEVEL ON THE BOARD'S MAIN DISTRIBUTOR ESTIMATION OF THE PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT AT THE BOARD'S CUT-OUT ATTENUATION IN PSCC BEYOND THE BOARD'S CUT-OUT THREE-PHASE SUPPLIES TO SMALLER INSTALLATIONS CONSISTING ONLY OF SINGLE-PHASE EQUIPMENT...5

4 Page ii Intentionally blank

5 Page 3 THE ESTIMATION OF THE MAXIMUM PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT FOR THREE-PHASE 415 V SUPPLIES 1 INTRODUCTION This Engineering Recommendation gives guidance on the estimation of the maximum prospective short-circuit current (PSCC) at the supply terminals of those installations which are connected to the Electricity Board's low voltage distribution network via a 415 V three-phase service line. This information will be of interest to installation designers as one of the characteristics of an external supply which it is necessary to ascertain under Section 313 of the IEE Wiring Regulations (15th edition). The procedure given in this Engineering Recommendation will provide a maximum value of PSCC for design purposes which is appropriate for the great majority of three-phase installations. Where the service arrangement consists of more than one separately protected three-phase line, direct from 1.v. bus-bars in the Board's distribution substation, individual guidance will be given on application to the Board. Because of the particular conditions which apply in the London Electricity Board and Merseyside and North Wales Electricity Board, the guidance in this document is not appropriate for installations in areas served by these Boards. Suitable guidance may be obtained direct from these Electricity Boards. The advice contained in this Engineering Recommendation is given in good faith based on information currently available; but no responsibility can be accepted for any inaccuracies or omissions in the advice which arise out of changes in such information. 2 SERVICE LINE ARRANGEMENTS The majority of three-phase 1.v. installations receive supply from an underground or overhead main distributor by means of a service line connected to the Board's main distributor. In a limited number of cases, for service lines of higher cross-sectional area, connection may be direct to the 1.v bus-bar of an adjacent distribution substation. 3 THE PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT LEVEL ON THE BOARD'S MAIN DISTRIBUTOR Electricity Boards are required to meet the demands of all their customers by providing an efficient and adequate supply system. On 1.v distribution systems this means the provision of adequate capacity at all times throughout the system and reinforcing the system to meet any increase of load. The PSCC available at any point of the system is directly related to the overall system capacity and the distance from the supply source. Increase in demand may in the course of time require additional capacity to be installed by, for example, building a new distribution substation or increasing the capacity of an existing substation. It follows therefore that during the life of any consumer's installation the PSCC may increase. To avoid the need for repeated changes in the protective equipment and the

6 Page 4 consequent costs, Electricity Boards normally design their distribution systems to a maximum PSCC and select the equipment for their system accordingly. This equipment includes the Boards' cut-out and fuse-link. It is strongly recommended that the designer of an installation should adopt the same approach in selecting equipment particularly where it will be required to operate close to the supply terminals. The guidance given in this document is based on the range of sizes of transformers (up to 1000 kva) and mains conductors (up to 300 mm 2 Aluminium) used generally in 1.v. distribution networks. It is considered that an appropriate maximum design value of PSCC for three-phase 415 V supplies in situations where the service line is connected direct to the 1.v. bus-bar of the Board's distribution substation is 25 ka (rms) at the point of connection. In cases where the service line is connected to the Board's main distributor, a maximum design value for the PSCC of 18 ka (rms) at the point of connection of the service line should be used. Note: In cases of very high load density (e.g major city centres) more onerous conditions may apply. 4 ESTIMATION OF THE PROSPECTIVE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT AT THE BOARD'S CUT-OUT The PSCC at the point of connection of the service line as given in Section 3 will be attenuated by the service line and it is possible to allow for this attenuation in estimating the maximum PSCC at the origin of the consumer's installation. Table 1 shows the maximum PSCC and power factor at the service entry position for service lines connected direct to the 1.v. bus-bar in the Board's distribution substation. Table 2 shows the maximum PSCC and power factor at the cut-out for service lines connected to a distribution main. Both tables provide the information for lengths of service line up to 50 m. The power factor is calculated for three-phase fault conditions and may be of interest in selecting protective equipment, it does not relate to the power factor of the installation under normal load conditions. To use the tables it is necessary to ascertain the length and cross-sectional area of the service line phase conductors. For Table 1, information on the length of the service line will normally be available. For Table 2, the service line length may be measured or estimated from site plans as the shortest distance from the public right of way nearest the installation to the cut-out. This procedure is recommended since, even if the precise position of the Board's main distributor or of the service line is known at the design stage, it may be necessary to move them in the future. Tables 1 and 2 are based on standard aluminium cables in metric sizes. Table 3 gives approximate equivalent sizes of copper conductor in metric and imperial units and of aluminium conductor in imperial units.

7 5 ATTENUATION IN PSCC BEYOND THE BOARD'S CUT-OUT Engineering Recommendation P26 Page 5 Where the consumer's switchgear is positioned more than one metre electrically from the Board's cut-out, the designer may wish to allow for additional attenuation in the PSCC due to the length of distributor between the cut-out and the consumer's switchgear. The designer may find it convenient to add the service line length estimated as in Section 4 above to the length of distributor within the installation and read the PSCC from Tables 1 or 2. Alternatively, the PSCC estimated in Section 4 may be used as a basis for calculating the additional attenuation. 6 THREE-PHASE SUPPLIES TO SMALLER INSTALLATIONS CONSISTING ONLY OF SINGLE-PHASE EQUIPMENT Installations supplied by a 415 V three-phase service line which consist only of separated single-phase equipment, so that there is no possibility of a phase to phase fault within the installation, could be regarded so far as the selection of protective equipment is concerned, as single-phase 240 V installations. In such cases for service line sizes up to 35 sq mm the guidance given in Engineering Recommendation P25 may be used to estimate the single-phase to neutral PSCC at the origin. TABLE 1 ESTIMATED MAXIMUM PSCC AT THE BOARD S CUT-OUT BASED ON DECLARED LEVEL OF 25kA (0.23 pf) AT THE POINT OF CONNECTION OF THE SERVICE LINE TO THE BUS-BAR IN THE BOARD S DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION. Length Service Line Cross-sectional Area Service Line 95 mm 2 Al 120 mm 2 Al 185 mm 2 Al 240 mm 2 Al 300 mm 2 Al (metres) PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf

8 Page 6 TABLE 2 ESTIMATED MAXIMUM PSCC AT THE BOARD S CUT-OUT BASED ON DECLARED LEVEL OF 18kA (0.5 pf) AT THE POINT OF CONNECTION OF THE SERVICE LINE TO THE L.V. DISTRIBUTION MAIN. Length Service Line Cross-sectional Area of Service UP to 35 mm 2 70 mm 2 95 mm mm mm mm mm 2 Line AI AI AI AI AI AI AI (metres) PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf PSCC pf TABLE 3 APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT CABLE SIZES FOR USE WITH TABLES 1 AND 2. Aluminium Copper Copper Aluminium Metric Metric Imperial Imperial Size Size Size Size (mm 2 ) (mm 2 ) (in 2 ) (in 2 )

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