2015 AEIT International Annual Conference, Naples, October 15, 2015

Transcription

1 2015 AEIT International Annual Conference, Naples, October 15, 2015 Microgrids: from test to operation Claudio Brocca Automation and Systems R&D, NIDEC-ASI

2 Nidec Corporation - Overview Nidec Corporation is one of the world s leading manufacturers of electric motors and drive solutions. Founded in 1973 Growing global presence Employs a workforce of 100,000 Develops, manufactures, and installs precision motors and controls used in commercial and industrial machines, information technology, office equipment, home appliances and automobiles. FY13 Net Sales: $8.5 B USD

3 Nidec 8.3% is an important part of Nidec s strategy to become number one in electric motors and drive solutions. 9.9 % Launched in 2010 Net Sales in have grown from $360 m USD in FY10 to $750 m USD (FY13) Rapidly expanding product basket through M&A s including: Emerson Motor Technology, Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali SpA, Avtron Industrial Automation employs a workforce of more than 3200

4 Nidec Nidec Techno Motors formerly Nidec Power Motor and Nidec Shibaura Nidec Motor Corporation formerly Emerson Motor Technologies Nidec ASI SpA formerly Ansaldo Sistemi Industriali SpA Nidec Avtron Automation Corporation formerly Avtron Industrial Automation Inception: 2009 Designs & manufactures small precision motors for commercial and industrial applications in industrial heating, ventilation, cooling and material handling. Other companies within the industrial solutions platform include: Nidec Read & Nidec Shimpo, Inception: 1890 Designs & manufactures U.S. MOTORS R brand high efficiency motors and controls for industrial, residential and commercial applications. Inception: 1853 Designs & manufactures engineered-to-order motors, generators, drives, power quality, and industrial automation and control systems for industrial applications. Inception: 1953 Manufactures highly engineered controls and automation equipment for applications for heavy industry. Expanding with proven experience

5 PV Ciminna Plant, Sicily, Italy Max Power: 6,771 kwp PV modules: 2,440 Container: 7 x 1 MW Stringboxes: 92 Area: 140,000 smq

6 Photovoltaic System MV grid Modbus line 3 NTP Time Server with integrated GPS radio clock Monitoring & Control System PC Auxiliary QSA Energy counter Network Analyzer Energy counter Network Analyzer Data Logger Switch Ethernet Optical fiber ring Switch Router Profibus PV Inverter PV Inverter container Modbus line 1 Modbus line 2 Stringboxes Stringboxes Meteo station

7 Active support to the grid Static support: ability to participate to the grid regulation. Disconnection from remote command Controlled injection of reactive power to the grid [Q, cosφ, V] Active power statism on frequency variation Dynamic support ability to support voltage variations (brownouts) by means of injection of appropriate currents. Fault ride through Controlled injection of reactive power during the fault

8 Grid following mode When connected in parallel to the grid the power converters generally operate in Grid following mode, with the control designed to meet the requirements of grid codes. PV generation units are controlled in P-Q mode and they can work in MPPT mode (maximum power point tracking) only within the limits imposed by the external system (Grid operator or Power Management System). The Power Plant controller is configurable on the basis of different objectives, which normally have, as a common factor, the management of the point of common coupling with the external grid: to maximize the generation of internal renewable generation to actively support the main grid to deliver to the main grid the energy produced with a pre-defined profile

9 Energy Storage System Power Management System Communication protocol Battery Management System Battery strings Switch Modbus TCP AC/DC control card AC/DC converter DC/DC converter Monitoring & Supervision PCS controller Modbus RTU DC/DC control card Separated controls for DC bus and AC bus Possibility to connect multiple and different batteries string through separated DC/DC converters (separated management of each battery string) Reactive power control independent from batteries status/presence ESS solution

10 Energy Storage for Grid support 34,8 MW ESS geographically divided in: 12 MW Ginestra + 12 MW Flumeri + 10,8 MW Scampitella (South of Italy) TERNA - Energy intensive application for grid congestion and RES curtailment NGK batteries (Sodium Sulfur)

11 Energy Storage for Grid support 40 MW ESS (phase I: 16 MW + phase II: 24 MW) divided in: 20 MW Codrongianos (Sardinia) + 20 MW Ciminna (Sicily) TERNA - Power intensive application for loss of inertia in smaller insular systems Nidec-ASI provided about 7 MW Batteries: FIAMM (Sodium Nickel), SAFT (Lithium-ion), BYD (Lithium-ion)

12 Energy Storage for Grid support 2MW 2,7MWh for DREWAG (Dresden, Germany) Primary frequency control for the balancing of short-term fluctuations Nidec ASI: main contractor & power conversion systems Younicos: energy management system LG Chem: batteries (Lithium-ion)

13 Our specific experience French island Reunion adds solar power and energy storage Customers : Location: Application: Akuo Energy Les Cedres Reunion Island Solar plant with energy storage PV Plant : 9.0 MW p - 4 x 2.0 MVA + 1 x 1.0 MVA Inverters BESS : 2 x 3.0 MVA PCS + 1 x 1.5MVA MWh BESS Battery type : Lithium Ion The Power Conversion System supplied by Nidec ASI enables Akuo Energy to convert power generated by its solar panels into AC voltage for transmission to the grid. According to the standards of the French Grid, a part of the solar energy produced is converted into DC power to be stored in three batteries on hand. This energy will be injected into the grid following a flat profile of production. Energy Management System software links the PLC to predictive production according to data from weather forecasts and active power instructions received from the grid. The charging and discharging of the batteries are controlled by separate DC/DC converters, each of which is dedicated to a group of batteries with its own battery management system

14 Our specific experience 4MWp 4MWh French Guyana

15 PV & Energy Storage for Grid stability Brown : PV Power Green : Grid injected Power Blue : Battery State of Charge - Forecast of energy profile for the next day - Optimize the energy profile during the day to improve efficiency

16 Grid forming mode In Grid-forming mode, the power converters operate to support the frequency and voltage adjustment. The control is designed according to the voltage and frequency regulation instead of active and reactive power. Isochronous control: this control mode is used when there is a single generator forming the grid. The generator maintains its output frequency regardless of the generated power and the voltage is kept constant. No parallel of isochronous generators is admitted. Droop control: this mode is useful when multiple generators feed the same grid in parallel and independently. Approximating the grid as a reactive (inductive or capacitive) load, the frequency will depends on the active power circulating on the grid and the voltage will have a similar control based on the reactive power. f f fmax P fmin fmin charge discharge Pmax P -Pmin Pmax P fmax f Single Genset droop mode ESS droop mode with power limits PV with frequency limitation

17 Power Management System functions Nidec ASI Power Management System is a flexible and high performance hardware and software platform that provides the monitoring functions and the tools for managing and optimizing either the energy production and the consumption, keeping the stability of the grid. Key features: Power metering Local and remote supervision Historical data collection Measure and analysis of the electric distribution system Real-time control for loads and generators Primary & Secondary Regulation

18 Power Management System functions FUNCTION HOLDER GRID ASSET IDENTIFICATION P-Q AT THE POINT OF COMMON COUPLING GENERATORS POWER SHARING ACTIVE POWER BALANCING REACTIVE POWER REGULATION FREQUENCY / VOLTAGE SECONDARY REGULATION LOAD SHEDDING PRE-CALCULATION GENERATOR SHEDDING PRE-CALCULATION LOAD SHEDDING / MODULATION GENERATOR SHEDDING BATTERY CHARGE / DISCHARGE MANAGEMENT GENSET STARTUP SELECTION GRID FREQUENCY MASTER GRID SYNCHRONIZATION FORECAST REAL TIME REAL TIME (Grid tied mode) SHORT TERM REAL TIME REAL TIME SHORT TERM (island mode) SHORT TERM (Predictive mode) SHORT TERM (Predictive mode) REAL TIME (Grid to island transition) REAL TIME (Grid to island transition) SHORT TERM SHORT TERM (Island mode) REAL TIME (Island mode) REAL TIME (Island to grid transition) LONG TERM

19 Microgrids state machine Grid Parallel Mode The target is to control the exchange of power, the balance of reactive power and the optimization of renewable sources Grid Islanded Mode The target is to adjust the frequency and voltage and maintain the grid stability.

20 Small scale microgrid The small scale microgrid realized at NIDEC-ASI facility in Vicenza (Italy) has the following components: 1. Photovoltaic plant 22,80 kwp installed on the roof of external buildings. 2. Photovoltaic plant 29,95 kwp installed on the roof of the main building. 3. Diesel generator 34 kw. 4. Energy storage system 70,5 kwh (3 FIAMM Sodium Nickel batteries). 5. Wind generator 24,7 kw with simulation of mechanical part. 6. Fixed loads 2x15 kw three phases and 8kW two phases. 7. Variables loads 24kW three phases. The microgrid can operate both in "island mode" that is completely disconnected from the main grid, or grid tied connected through the grid facility. Disconnection and re-synchronization with the grid facility can be forced to test transients and components behavior.

21 Single line diagram

22 Example of microgrid sequence t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10

23 ARTICS SMART ENERGY Hardware architecture PMS SCADA/HMI Engineering station Routing Ethernet network Server Remote clients Ethernet ring Data logger PCS controller Genset controller System on drive Advanced metering Renewable generation Energy storage Diesel generation Loads Point of common coupling

24 ARTICS SMART ENERGY Functional architecture GRID ASSET IDENTIFICATION P/Q AT CONNECTION POINT P BALANCING Q REGULATION LOAD SHEDDING GENERATOR SHEDDING GRID FREQUENCY MASTER GRID SYNCHRONIZATION COMMUNICATIONS AND FIELDBUSES DATA INTERFACE DATA PROCESSING DATA LOGGING LOGICAL SEQUENCE PLANT APPLICATIONS GENERATORS SHARING LOAD SHEDDING PRE-CALCULATION GENERATOR SHEDDING PRE-CALCULATION F SECUNDARY REGULATION BATTERY CYCLES MANAGEMENT GENSET STARTUP SELECTION HMI SYSTEM SUPERVISION AND CONTROL ALARMS AND FAULTS HISTORICAL DATA ARCHIVE AND MANAGEMENT WEB SERVER (HTML5) REMOTE ACCESS REMOTE MONITORING WEATHER FORECAST PRODUCTION FORECAST CONSUMPTION FORECAST PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION P/Q FORECAST CALCULATION P/Q SET POINTS ENABLE COMMANDS DEVICE DATA AND STATUS MEASURES P/Q MEASURES, CB STATUS ALARM RESETS, GRID MANAGEMENT ENERGY DATA, FORECAST PMS R-T STS PMS HMI EMS LEVEL1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3

25 Smart Microgrids Developing Smart Microgrids for Remote Regions Ollagüe, Chile Project challenges and results

26 Smart Micro Grid Ollagüe - Chile Description and Scope of Supply Ollagüe It is an isolated village, nearly 200 kms far from the closest City of Calama, located in the Andean altipiano, bordering with Bolivia. Its electrical system is not connected to the main electrical network, i.e. it was and it is an isolated LV grid. Before the installation of the Smart Microgrid the village had to provide its own energy only from diesel generators. Purpose of the Project Provide 24/7 electrical power supply Reduce as much as possible the dependence on diesel fuel (whose supply and cost are critical and onerous). Chile, South America

27 Description of the Project Smart Micro Grid Ollagüe - Chile Description and Scope of Supply Ollagüe Community together with Enel Green Power as EPC, cooperate for the realization of a Micro-Grid made by the following elements: 200 KWp photovoltaic plant kw average customer loads 2 diesel generators of 250 KW each 1 wind tower of 30kW Approx 700 KWh Energy Storage System (ZEBRA Battery Type) Power Management System Nidec ASI Scope of Supply 3 x 70 KVA Inverters for the PV Plant 250 kva PCS for the BESS Power Management System to balance the grid

28 Ollagüe Site - Chile Challenges Very remote location at 3660 m a.s.l. Control system customized according to the severe environmental conditions (solid state memory and Air Conditioned rack) Interface with existing DG sets PMS suitable to control PV, wind, BESS, DG set and main distribution network in off grid configuration Devices pre-magnetization management Complete remote control (Standard IEC protocol) Massive Data Storage management Exhaustive Reports System ( also available via )

29 Ollagüe Site - Chile Results Local Grid is working since February 2015 without any major problem Ollague town is now energized 24/7 (previously it was 18/7, no energy during the night) Measured Monthly Green Energy (based on April 2015): 18 MWh ( 50% Load). CO2 emission reduction: 95 TONN/Year Fully remote access to generators, network data Remote access suitable for: new implementation / improvement. troubleshooting, historical trend downloading, etc.

30 Ollagüe Site - Chile Results

31 Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Maldive The Microgrid is composed by the following elements: 1 MWp photovoltaic plant installed in the roofs of the resort 4 diesel generators, total of 2,6 MW 1,5 MWh energy storage system (Na-Nk Batteries) 800 kva Active Front End (AFE) AC/DC converter 600 kw Resort electrical loads

32 Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Maldive

33 Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Maldive

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