Electric mobility, renewables and smart grids: the state of the art. Professor David Gray Robert Gordon University Aberdeen

Transcription

1 Electric mobility, renewables and smart grids: the state of the art Professor David Gray Robert Gordon University Aberdeen

2 E harbours Aiming to combine: Renewables Smart energy Electric mobility

3 Electric mobility in harbour cities Bikes and scooters Cars and light vans Heavier conventional vehicles (trucks, buses, vans) Heavier specialised harbour vehicles Boats and ships

4 Electric mobility types of electric propulsion Fully electric vehicles or vessels fully powered by electricity from batteries that can be recharged via a connection with the electricity grid (Nissan Leaf?) Conventional hybrid propulsion combining a conventional gasoline engine with an electric motor Plug in hybrid propulsion IC engine and an electric motor with a stronger battery pack, which can be recharged via a common household electric socket

5

6 Electric mobility types of electric propulsion Fully electric vehicles or vessels fully powered by electricity from batteries that can be recharged via a connection with the electricity grid Conventional hybrid propulsion combining a conventional gasoline engine with an electric motor Plug in hybrid propulsion IC engine and an electric motor with a stronger battery pack, which can be recharged via a common household electric socket

7 Electric mobility success stories Electric Amsterdam Over 400 electric vehicles and 100 charging points Autolib Paris aiming to have 3,000 electric vehicles for public use in Paris next year Rotterdam aiming for 1000 electric vehicles London aiming to become the electric car capital of Europe

8 Why are electric vehicles currently the exception? Cost of vehicle Range fully charged battery = 10 litres of fuel Battery durability (vehicles have much longer life than batteries) and......replacement cost Range reliability (can reduce by 50% in winter) Re charging time (typically several hours) Limited number of recharging points

9

10 Electric cars Currently used mainly as big city run arounds' Replacement or additional vehicles?

11 Conventional hybrids 3% of vehicles in USA, but share is not rising Why? Vehicles tend to more expensive than equivalent sized petrol or diesel Not vastly more fuel efficient than latest generation diesel engines (but more expensive), so little financial incentive to own one

12 Plug in hybrids Many demonstration vehicles but no production models A battery that has sufficient energy density to power plug in hybrid might cost $6, and might save $4,000 over the course of a vehicles lifetime......assuming a replacement battery is not required. Will rising fuel prices make them more attractive?

13 Electric mobility green credentials Well to wheel low carbon credentials of electric propulsion is not necessarily clear cut Depends on carbon intensity of power generation Electric vehicles powered by renewables vs. a plug in hybrid vehicle powered by coal fired electricity? Complex relationship influenced by factors such as national energy mix and time of day of recharging

14

15 Electric mobility breakthroughs required to increase market share Progressing battery technology Standardising technology Building a recharging infrastructure Developing a sound business model for electric transport Making use of renewable energy and Smart Grid technology (such as vehicle to grid technology V2G)

16 Electric mobility targets European Commission aiming to reduce the number of "conventional cars" in cities: by 50 percent between now and 2030 by 100% between now and 2050 What contribution can harbour areas and harbour cities make to meeting those targets? Can harbour cities meet those targets before 2030 and 2050?

17 Stimulating electric mobility in harbour cities A port is potentially a closed system for trialing technologies such as fast charging, battery swapping, smart metering, V2G, etc. Harbour regions generally have space and infrastructure for development of renewables Larger ports might have sufficient vehicles to justify investment in electric vehicle technology Ports also can make use of electric boats and invest in smart energy infrastructure to interface with hybrid and electric vessels

18 E mobility contribution of e harbours The use of smart energy to power electric vehicle recharging points in harbour car park (Zaanstad) Looking at ways to increase the uptake of electric boats (Amsterdam ) Developing charging point technology for electric vehicles, and possibly supporting an electric taxi business in port area (Malmo)

19 E mobility contribution of e harbours Looking at the potential of electric mobility (and other interventions) to reduce energy demand from small harbours (PURE Energy and Robert Gordon University) Develop links and knowledge exchange with projects and organisations developing electric and hybrid vessels ( e.g. what smart energy infrastructure is required on the shore side?)

20 Thank you for listening