Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines"

Julia Burke
6 years ago
Views:

1 Jacek F. Gieras Rong-Jie Wang Maarten J. Kamper Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines Second Edition Springer

Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Features 1 1.3 Development of AFPM Machines 3 1.4 Types of Axial Flux PM Machines 3 1.5 Topologies and Geometries 6 1.6 Rotor Dynamics 10 1.

2 Contents 1 Introduction Scope Features Development of AFPM Machines Types of Axial Flux PM Machines Topologies and Geometries Rotor Dynamics Axial Magnetic Field Excited by PMs PM Eddy-Current Brake as the Simplest AFPM Brushless Machine AFPM Machines versus RFPM Machines Power Limitation of AFPM Machines 19 Numerical Examples 19 2 Principles of AFPM Machines Magnetic Circuits Single-Sided Machines Double-Sided Machines With Internal PM Disc Rotor Double-Sided Machines With Internal Ring-Shaped Core Stator Double-Sided Machines With Internal Slotted Stator Double-Sided Machines With Internal Coreless Stator Multidisc Machines Windings Three-Phase Windings Distributed in Slots Toroidal Winding Coreless Stator Winding Non-Overlap (Concentrated Coil) Windings Torque Production Magnetic Flux 42

VIII Contents 2.5 Electromagnetic Torque and EMF 43 2.6 Losses and Efficiency 45 2.6.1 Stator Winding Losses 45 2.6.2 Stator Core Losses 46 2.6.3 Core Loss Finite Element Model 48 2.6.4 Losses in Permanent Magnets 48 2.

3 VIII Contents 2.5 Electromagnetic Torque and EMF Losses and Efficiency Stator Winding Losses Stator Core Losses Core Loss Finite Element Model Losses in Permanent Magnets Rotor Core Losses Eddy Current Losses in Stator Conductors Rotational Losses Losses for Nonsinusoidal Current Efficiency Phasor Diagrams Sizing Equations Armature Reaction AFPM Motor Sine-Wave Motor Square-Wave Motor AFPM Synchronous Generator Performance Characteristics of a Stand Alone Generator Synchronization With Utility Grid 67 Numerical Examples 68 3 Materials and Fabrication Stator Cores Nonoriented Electrical Steels Amorphous Ferromagnetic Alloys Soft Magnetic Powder Composites Fabrication of Stator Cores Rotor Magnetic Circuits PM Materials Characteristics of PM Materials Operating Diagram Permeances for Main and Leakage Fluxes Calculation of Magnetic Circuits With PMs Fabrication of Rotor Magnetic Circuits Windings Conductors Fabrication of Slotted Windings Fabrication of Coreless Windings 111 Numerical Examples 112

Contents IX 4 AFPM Machines With Iron Cores 123 4.1 Geometries 123 4.2 Commercial AFPM Machines With Stator Ferromagnetic Cores 124 4.3 Some Features of Iron-Cored AFPM Machines 125 4.

4 Contents IX 4 AFPM Machines With Iron Cores Geometries Commercial AFPM Machines With Stator Ferromagnetic Cores Some Features of Iron-Cored AFPM Machines Magnetic Flux Density Distribution in the Air Gap Calculation of Reactances Synchronous and Armature Reaction Reactances Stator Leakage Reactance Performance Characteristics Performance Calculation Sine-Wave AFPM Machine Synchronous Generator Square-Wave AFPM Machine Finite Element Calculations 138 Numerical Examples AFPM Machines Without Stator Cores Advantages and Disadvantages Commercial Coreless Stator AFPM Machines Coreless Stator AFPM Microgenerators Performance Calculation Steady-State Performance Dynamic Performance Calculation of Coreless Winding Inductances Classical Approach FEM Approach Performance Characteristics Performance of Coreless Non-Overlap Winding AFPM Machines Eddy Current Losses in the Stator Windings Eddy Current Loss Resistance Reduction of Eddy Current Losses Reduction of Circulating Current Losses Measurement of Eddy Current Losses Armature Reaction Mechanical Design Features Mechanical Strength Analysis Imbalanced Axial Force on the Stator Thermal Problems 183 Numerical Examples 184

X Contents 6 AFPM Machines Without Stator and Rotor Cores 193 6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 193 6.2 Topology and Construction 193 6.3 Air Gap Magnetic Flux Density 195 6.

5 X Contents 6 AFPM Machines Without Stator and Rotor Cores Advantages and Disadvantages Topology and Construction Air Gap Magnetic Flux Density Electromagnetic Torque and EMF Commercial Coreless AFPM Motors Case Study: Low-Speed AFPM Coreless Brushless Motor Performance Characteristics Cost Analysis Comparison With Cylindrical Motor With Laminated Stator and Rotor Cores Case Study: Low-Speed Coreless AFPM Brushless Generator Characteristics of Coreless AFPM Machines 206 Numerical Examples Control Control of Trapezoidal AFPM Machine Voltage Equations Solid-State Converter Current Control Speed Control High Speed Operation Control of Sinusoidal AFPM Machine Mathematical Model and dq Equivalent Circuits Current Control Speed Control Hardware of Sinusoidal AFPM Machine Drive Sensorless Position Control 241 Numerical Examples Cooling and Heat Transfer Importance of Thermal Analysis Heat Transfer Modes Conduction Radiation Convection Cooling of AFPM Machines AFPM Machines With Seif-Ventilation AFPM Machines With External Ventilation Lumped Parameter Thermal Model Thermal Equivalent Circuit Conservation of Energy Machine Duties Continuous Duty 272

Contents XI 8.5.2 Short-Time Duty 272 8.5.3 Intermittent Duty 273 Numerical Examples 274 9 Applications 281 9.1 Power Generation 281 9.1.1 High Speed Generators 281 9.1.2 Low Speed Generators 284 9.

6 Contents XI Short-Time Duty Intermittent Duty 273 Numerical Examples Applications Power Generation High Speed Generators Low Speed Generators Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Battery Electric Vehicles Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Ship Propulsion Large AFPM Motors Propulsion of Unmanned Submarines Counterrotating Rotor Marine Propulsion System Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System Mobile Drill Rigs Oil Beam Pumps Elevators Miniature AFPM Brushless Motors Vibration Motors Computer Hard Disc Drives Ventricular Assist Devices Axial Flux Machines with Superconducting Field Excitation System 317 Numerical Examples 322 Symbols and Abbreviations 327 References 335 Patents 351 Index 357

AXIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS MACHINES

AXIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS MACHINES Jacek F. Gieras, Rong-Jie Wang and Maarten J. Kamper Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston-Dordrecht-London, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENETS page Preface v 1. Introduction