"Motors, Power, and Data Loggers Greg Jourdan-Wenatchee Valley College Carol Lewellen-NEEC and BOC Tuesday, May 8, Sessions Session

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Lewellen-EEC and BOC Tuesday, May 8, 2018

1 "Motors, Power, and Data Loggers Greg Jourdan-Wenatchee Valley College Carol Lewellen-EEC and BOC Tuesday, May 8, Sessions Session 1-8:30-9:25 a.m. Motors 101 Session 2-9:30-10:25 a.m. - Power Session 3-10:30-10:25 a.m. Ghost Loads and Data Loggers

2 Session 1 Topics and Activities This hands-on electric motors 101 discussion will cover motor types, identification, replacement with high-efficiency motors, and determining the actual kw and PF. 30 minutes class discussion Introduction to electric motors Review ameplate data Single phase, three phase, and ECM or brushless DC Applications (constant verses variable speed) General Maintenance

3 Session 1 Topics and Activities This hands-on electric motors 101 discussion will cover motor types, identification, replacement with high-efficiency motors, and determining the actual kw and PF. 15 minutes hands-on of motor measurements including: Volts, Amps, Watts, Power Factor Real power verses apparent power Motor speed 10 minutes question & answer Materials for hands-on demonstration include: Misc. fractional HP electric motors Plug strips Kill-a-watt plug load meters Tachometer

4 Open Discussion What about motors would you like covered today? How many motors are in your facility? What is the horsepower of the largest motor in your facility? Do you have critical motors? If a critical piece of equipment fails, what happens? Do you have spares?

5 Intro to Basic Motor Operation

6 Motor Operation

7 Motor Operation

8 Motor Operation Magnet supported from above S S Since unlike poles repel each other, the magnet will rotate Stationary Magnet

9 Motor Operation S Stationary Magnet

10 Motor Operation S Stationary Magnet

11 Motor Operation S S Stationary Magnet

12 Motor Operation S Stationary Magnet

13 Motor Operation S Stationary Magnet

14 Motor Operation S When the unlike poles are lined up with each other, rotation will stop S Stationary Magnet

15 Motor Construction Windings - Electromagnets Rotor bars Rotor Stator

16 Single Phase Motor Stationary Switch 6 External Fan 2 Capacitor 7 OSE End Frame 3 Stator 8 Rotating Switch 4 Shaft End Bearing 9 Rotor 5 SE End Frame 10 Internal Fan 9 10

17 Three Phase Motor Fan Stator Rotor Fan Scroud End Plate Bearing End Plate

21 Bottom Co Seperator or Slot Stick Cell Ins ulatio Top Co Slip W ed or top stic Cross View of Lamina tio

23 Rotor Current Flow Applied by Induction Aluminum End Ring and Fins Iron Lamination

24 Single and Three Phase Alternating Current 1) 2) Volts Maximum Volts Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase Time 0 Voltage Volts _ Maximum Volts Start 1/4 Cy cle 1/2 Cy cle 3/4 Cy cle 1 Cy cle 1-1/4 Cy cle 1-1/2 Cy cle 1-3/4 Cy cle 2 Cy cle 3) Volts 0 Volts Time in Degrees

25 Single Phase Winding Connection Line A Line B Join High Volts Std 1 4,5 2, 3, 8 High Volts Rev 1 4,8 2, 3, 5 Low Volts Std 1, 3, 8 2, 4, 5 Low Volts Rev 1, 3, 5 2,4, 8

26 Three Phase Motor Fan Stator Rotor Fan Scroud End Plate Bearing End Plate

27 Three Phase Motor denotes current is moving away from you T2 Construction T1 T3 T3 T2 End View T1 denotes current is moving towards you

28 Three Phase Motor Construction Stator Windings T1 T2 T3 Enclosure Air Gap Stator Rotor T3 T2 Shaft End View T1

29 Rotation of the motor T1 T3 T2 One Cycle* S * - current waveform

30 Rotation of the motor T1 T3 T2 One Cycle* S * - current waveform

31 Rotation of the motor T1 T3 T2 One Cycle* S * - current waveform

32 Rotation of the motor T1 T3 T2 One Cycle* S * - current waveform S

33 Rotation of the motor T1 T3 T2 One Cycle* S * - current waveform S

34 Rotation of the motor T1 T3 T2 One Cycle* S * - current waveform S

35 Rotation of the motor T1 T3 T2 One Cycle* S S * - current waveform S

36 ECM Technology ECM Motors ECM (Electronically Commutated Motor) Brushless DC, permanent magnet rotor More efficient than PSC motors Used throughout HVACR Programmable Operated by a microprocessor based control Ability to compensate for airside restrictions ECM

37 Overview of ECM Technology ECM Motors Motor Control and Motor as separate components Motor Control integrated into the motor shell Motor Motor Control Motor Motor Control

Overview of ECM Technology The Motor Control ECM Motors Connected to single phase (1Ø) 120, 240 or 460vac 50 or 60 cycle power (Hz) AC power is converted to DC power to operate the

38 Overview of ECM Technology The Motor Control ECM Motors Connected to single phase (1Ø) 120, 240 or 460vac 50 or 60 cycle power (Hz) AC power is converted to DC power to operate the electronics DC power is converted to a three phase (3Ø) signal to drive motor Microprocessor controls frequency (RPM) and torque (power) delivered to motor. Motor Motor Control Permanent magnet rotor

39 Applications and Motor Enclosures Open Drip Proof (ODP) Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) Totally Enclosed on-ventilated (TEV) Totally Enclosed Air Over (TEAO) Open Air Over (OAO) Explosion Proof Submersible

40 Types of Motor Enclosures ODP Open drip-proof Ventilating openings permit passage of external cooling air over and around the windings of the motor. Small degree of protection against liquid or solid particles entering the enclosure.

41 Types of Motor Enclosures TEV Totally enclosed non-ventilated Totally enclosed enclosure with no means of external cooling.

42 Types of Motor Enclosures TEFC Totally enclosed fan-cooled Totally enclosed enclosure with external cooling means, such as a shaft connected fan

43 Types of Motor Enclosures TEBC Totally enclosed blower-cooled Totally enclosed enclosure with external cooling means such as a separately controlled motor/blower

44 Application Driven Enclosures Washdown Stainless Steel Explosion Proof Totally Enclosed Air Over Weather Protected Type I Type II

45 Motor ameplate Data

46 Understanding the ameplate Insulation Class The insulation class letter designates the amount of allowable temperature rise based on the insulation system and the motor service factor.

47 Insulation Class Information Most common insulation classes are class B and F Insulation Class Ambient Temp. Temp. Rise Total Temp. A 40 o C 65 o C 105 o C B 40 o C 90 o C 130 o C F 40 o C 115 o C 155 o C H 40 o C 140 o C 180 o C

48 Understanding the ameplate S.F. - Service Factor The number by which the horsepower rating is multiplied to determine the maximum safe load that a motor may be expected to carry continuously Example - a 10HP motor with a service factor of 1.15 will deliver 11.5 horsepower continuously without exceeding the allowable temperature rise of its insulation class

49 Understanding the ameplate Frame The frame designation refers to the physical size of the motor as well as certain construction features such as the shaft and mounting dimensions.

50 15 minutes hands-on of motor measurements including: Measure Volts Amps Watts Power Factor Real power verses apparent power Motor speed-rated vs. Actual

51 10 minutes question & answer Any Questions?

"Motors, Power, and Data Loggers Greg Jourdan-Wenatchee Valley College Tuesday, May 8, Sessions Session 1-8:30-9:25 a.m. Motors 101 Session

"Motors, Power, and Data Loggers Greg Jourdan-Wenatchee Valley College Tuesday, May 8, 2018 3 Sessions Session 1-8:30-9:25 a.m. Motors 101 Session 2-9:30-10:25 a.m. Power and Motors Session 3-10:30-10:25