DEVELOPMENT OF WIND TURBINE SYSTEMS WITH PARALLEL CONNECTIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES GENERATORS
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1 ELECTROTECHNICS, ELECTRONICS, AUTOMATIC CONTROL, INFORMATICS DEVELOPMENT OF WIND TURBINE SYSTEMS WITH PARALLEL CONNECTIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES GENERATORS Madalin Costin*, Elena Voncila*, IonVoncila*, Cristian Nichita**, Grigore Fetecau* *Faculty of Autoatic Control, Coputer Science, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Roania, ** GREAH Groupe de Recherche en Electrotechniue, et Autoatiue du Havre, University of Le Havre, France e-ail: Abstract: The work paper explores the possibility of wind power conversion systes developing by parallel coupling of ain different types power AC generators such as induction generator and peranent agnet synchronous one in isolated grid. Due to different electroagnetic processes underlying operation, the currents per phase developed present different differences phase, and therefore is usually obtain a low output power. It was found that optiizing the output current can be ade by choosing appropriate an optial cobination of pole pairs for different generators. Keywords: induction generator, peranent agnet synchronous generator, wind turbine systes, Psi software. INTODUCTION In the present century where the energy through its sources becoes a subject of econoic, social and political debate, the concern for energy independence has becoe a cause of global stability. Induction achines are currently treated in alost survey otor regie (Richter, 958). This is a conseuence of events occurring during 950 (approxiately) -980 when the effects of global electrification process led indirectly to alost eliination of total wind turbines that were euipped with induction generators. Conventional systes, which have gained assive with power plant developent, could not take into account the induction generator achine due to the serious challenges related to ensuring its excitation. Because the generator does not have separate excitation, its own excitation reuired an additional reactive power source for agnetization that can be the electrical grid or a properly sized capacitor. As was showed (Ghiorghiu and Fransua, 974) at the fifth generation of the sae power ust be used a synchronous copensator for reactive power. For this reason power plants do not take into account asynchronous generator as a viable solution. 33
2 The wind power conversion systes euipped with classic synchronous generator has not gained a wide developent due to liitations in ters of winding size for operation in low speed range (low speed caused by wind), where the energy is delivered at freuency of 50 Hz. Basically a gearbox is necessary to adjust the low speed of turbine rotor and high speed of synchronous generator, otherwise fro design phase results that there is no space to placed excitation winding in rotor slots. In this context, the excitation based on peranent agnet becoe a technical solution. Parallel coupling of different types of generators is alost nonexistent in the literature survey due to various technological developents that have registered for those generators. If the theory of induction generator has been developed with the advent of induction achine, the research was suspended especially during when the power syste has becoe decisive, for peranent agnet synchronous generator, its developent took place concurrently with the developent and significant decrease of the price of peranent agnets. SETTLEMENT OF PRELIMINARY CONDITIONS FOR PARALLEL CUPLING The strucure of syste copused by parallel coupling of induction and peranent agnet synchronous generator is presented in Fig.. P P n d s Rsis us dt d rs Rrirs jp rs dt () s L sis u Lsis Lirs rs L rirs u Lrir Lis u L ( is irs ) Lis d J d eg Ta Te J dt p dt The design of blanc capacior is done take into consideration the reactive power reuired for generator agnetising: () C ( x x The dynaical atheatical odel of induction generator is described by (Babescu and Paunescu, 00): did r L id p i ud dt Ld Ld Ld di r Ld p i p id u dt L L L L 3 T p i L L i i (3) e d J d eg Ta Te J, dt p dt d d ) T PMSG P P n L O A D Parallel coupling conditions derives fro the classsical case of electroagnetic synchronous generators (Richter, ): - euality of voltage at terinals, as RMS and difference phase; - the sae successions of phases; Suppleentary at this conditions, the new one will be added as a result o the new particularities reuired by the new systes. T Fig.. Siste structure of parallel cupling The well-know atheatical odel of induction achine in dynaic regie is represent by (Babescu and Paunescu, 00) : TRANSIENTS REGIMES ANALYSIS In this section, dynaic processes using software Psi (**) has been studied. It was considered a syste copused by a parallel coupling of an induction generator parallel and a peranent agnet synchronous generator to (Fig.). The wind torue was siulated by a DC achine and the load was considered resistive and syetrical. 34
3 Fig.. PSIM ipleentation of siulation syste Was founded by nuerical siulation tests that the choice of the nuber of poles has a great influence on the output current, and thus, on the output power. Because there are two categories of current for each generator in part (induction current for induction generator, respectively, adduction current for the supply current peranent agnet synchronous generator), the choosing an adeuate nuber of poles for induction generator, respectively, synchronous, will cause a inial difference phase between currents at the terinals of the both generators, and thus the total current load will be larger for a one structure conversion.two optial cobinations values were found. In the first case ( p 6 ; p 4 ) the currents for obtained were presents in Fig.3. Fig.4. Currents haronic analysis where : - phase current of induction achine; I i I ps synchronous generator; current) - phase current of peranent agnet I t - total current (load The phase voltage is a syetrical one (Fig.5): Fig.3. Phase currents Haronic spectru proves that phase load current is obtain near as a su of currents fro terinals both generators (Fig.4), which lead again the inial difference phase exist between the currents. Fig.5. Load voltage Haronic analysis proves again the syetry of the load voltages (Fig.). 35
4 Fig.6. Voltage haronic analysis Puterile active (Fig.7) obtinute pe generatoare, respectiv totala, deonstreaza inca o data defazajul ini al curentilor. Fig.8. Reactive power For the second case ( p 0 ; p 6 ) were obtained high perforance with different paraeters. The stabilization tie for current was obtained at.6 s. Fig.7. Active power The reactive power flow circulation (Fig.8) is deterinate by the nature of the generators (induction generator absorb, respectively, delivery for peranent agnet synchronous generator). Fig.9. Phase currents The spectru analyis show that peranent agnet synchronous generator has an big unsyetrical startup current which led to an increase the haronic content durring the start-up process. 36
5 Fig.0. Currents haronic analysis The load voltages per phase are hold at a sae values per phase (Fig.). Because of resistive load, the transient regie of currents (Fig.3) is eual with the load voltage one (Fig.). Fig.. Voltages haronic analysis The active power of both generators can be founded as a su, at the load power (Fig.3). There is a tie intervals where the active power of peranent agnet synchronous generator is negative and the power flow circulate fro induction generator to peranent agnet synchronous generator. Fig.. Load voltage The siultaneous phenoena for each one phase is deonstrated again thought Fourier analysis (Fig.). Fig.3. Active power The reactive power flow is situating in noral liits (Fig.4). 37
6 For all other cases, will be obtained non optial regies. As an exaple for p 0 and p 6 the currents will becoe sall and active and reactive power too. Fig.4. Reactive power Obtained results for both optial cases are suarized in table no. : Table Results obtained for optial selection of poles cobinations of different types generators No. Measure Case Case U. M p 6 0 ad. p 4 6 ad. t.65.6 s s P W P W P W T Q VAR Q VAR Q VAR T As is observed, the influence of poles nuber cobinations will effect the stabilization tie on currents and power. The powers presented in table no. take into consideration steady-state regie. Fig.5. Phase currents of unoptial regie As can be seen fro Fig. 5, it was observed that all non optial cobination of poles nuber deterines a sall current and power output. Fro this reason it is necessary to deterinate the optial selection of poles nuber for high perforance operation. CONCLUSION The parallel coupling of different types AC generators can becoe an iediate techniue solution for insulated grid developent and for wind fars too, in the order to aintain in operation of induction generator and to introduce the new technologies of peranent agnet synchronous generator. Due to different electroagnetic process for both generators, there are appears iportant particularities in parallel coupling process. If the stator phenoena are the sae for both generators, the rotors involves different types currents (induction current for induction generator, and adduction current for peranent agnet synchronous generator) which led to a non synchronized current in stators. In the order to synchronize the currents, to find a inial difference two optial cobinations of poles nuber was founded. The developent of such techniue solution ay have an iportant if will be used in addition with autoatic control systes, which lead to a haronic integration of both AC generators. 38
7 REFERENCES Appendix. Siulation Paraeters Arnold, E., (908). Die Weschselstroetchnik, Springer Publishing House, Berlin. (In Geran) Babescu M. and Paunescu M. D. (00), Electrical Machines, Matheatical Analysis of Transients Regies, Politehnica Tiisoara Publishing House, Tiisoara. (In Roanian) Boldea, I., The induction Machines Design Handbook, second edition, CRC Press Publishing House. Boldea, I. (005). Variabile Speed Generators, CRC Press Publishing House. Cioc, I., Nica C. (994). Design of Electrical Machines, Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House, Bucharest. (In Roanian) Gavrila, H. and Centea O. (998). Modern Theory of Electroagnetic Field and Aplications,, ALL Publishing House, Bucharest. (In Roanian) Gheorghiu, I.S. and Fransua A., (974) The Treatent of Electrical Machines, vol.,, 3, 4, Acadey Publishing House, Bucharest. (In Roanian) Mocanu, C. (983). Electroagnetic Field Theory, Didactic and Pedagogical Publishing House, Bucharest. (In Roanian) Postnikov, I. (954). Design Electric Machines, State Energy Publishing House. Bucharest. (In Roanian) Pyrhonen, J., Jokinen, T., and Harabovcova, V., (009) Design of Rotating Electrical Machines, John Wiley and sons. Richter, R.(958-96) Electrical Machines, vol.,, 3, 4, Technical Publishing House, Bucharest. (In Roanian) Wideann E., Kellenberger, W. (967) Konstruction Elektrischer, Springer-Verlag Publishing House, Berlin/New York. (In Geran) ***PSIM. Siulation software, POWERSYS- France-licence, 007. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The work of Madalin Costin and Elena Voncila was supported by Project SOP HRD-EFICIENT 6445/
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