Background: clustering alternative power trains

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2 Extended EV policy Part of the standard car policy Diesel engine Petrol engine CNG Background: clustering alternative power trains Micro-hybrid cars Start-stop technology as the lowest level of hybridization Reversible system acting as starter and alternator on a traditional car Mild Hybrid cars Combining a micro-hybrid with the recovery of energy when breaking Electric energy, produced continuously or when decelerating, is stored in a battery pack exceeding those of a start-stop techniques Parallel hybrid cars Most widely know and widespread cars (e.g. Toyota Prius Hybrid since 1997) Engine coupled with an electric motor, which powers the vehicle as well on a stand-alone basis for short distances All electric mode at start-up, low speed traffic jams and when manoeuvring Plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV) Equipped with batteries of a greater capacity being charged on an electrical network Enabling the usage on a daily basis also for long distances Range Extenders (REEV) Small fuel engine to reload batteries with a generator used as a range extender to enable longterm distances All-electric vehicles (BEV) Stand alone battery electric vehicles which run solely on electricity

3 Segmentation: Vehicle by type (Europe) Business cars Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Type 4 D- / Medium SUV-Segment Focus on transport of 4 persons; bulk load carriage Ford Focus Nissan Leaf Opel Ampera Toyota Prius VW E-Golf* 1 series active-e* BMW i3 Type 3 C-Segment Focus on transport of 2-4 persons; increased load Renault Zoe Type 2 B-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; increased load Mitsubishi M-iEV Citroen C-zero Smart Peugeot ion VW E-up Type 1 A-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; limited carriage *Segmentation based on vehicle size ** i3 positioning is reflecting BMW s C-segmentation mixed with actual size of B-segment Luxury

4 Alternative power train challenge: 3 key subjects for fleet managers

5 PHEV, REX, EV: Usage patterns PHEV EV / REEV* Toyota Prius Volvo V60 Mitsubish Outlander Opel Ampera* Tesla S BMW i3 REEV* Renault Zoe BMW i3 Nissan Leaf VW E-up VW E-Golf Ford Focus BMW 1 series Citroen C-zero Peugeot ion Mitsubishi M-iEV Smart 18**25 25** 50 26** 80** *** *** *** ** ** *** Type 1 Regular urban, regular nonurban and / or regular highway usage Type 2 Regular urban, regular non-urban and occasional highway usage Type 3 Regular urban, occasional nonurban and exceptional highway usage Range in km Definition: Urban => suburb and city center travel Non-urban => travel within regions Highway => long highway journeys

6 Fleet match: Are your drivers ready for alternative power trains Approach of analysis Driver survey Purpose Identification of individual car usage patterns Basis for comparison to EV requirements and technological constraints Key topics addressed in questionnaire Eligibility as tool or benefit car User profile & mileage patterns Vehicle segmentation fit Vehicle preference Charging facility Smart phone usage

7 Example of fleet match: Are your drivers ready for alternative power trains => Match of range patterns compared to segmentations patterns as subject of analysis Segmentation Range Type 4 D-/ Medium SUV-Segment Vehicles Focus on transport of 4-5 persons; bulk load carriage Type 1 Regular urban, regular nonurban and / or regular highway usage Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Type 2 Regular urban, regular non-urban and occasional highway usage Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Move to REEV by having access to D-segment vehicles from pool cars or rentals Type 3 Regular urban, occasional nonurban and exceptional highway usage Mitsubish Outlander Volvo V60 Type 3 C-Segment Vehicles Focus on transport of 2-4 persons; increased load Type 2 B-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; increased load Type 1 A-Segment Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; limited carriage Toyota Prius Opel Ampera Consider hybrid and/or ICE engines instead of EVs, if vehicles in B-segment shall be used for regular long term travel at all Consider hybrid and/or ICE engines instead of EVs, if vehicles in A-segment shall be used for regular long term travel at all Toyota Prius Opel Ampera => Opt for best fit vehicle in segment (i3 in case of enough space) BMW i3 REEV Consider hybrid and/or ICE engines instead of EVs * Nissan Leaf Ford Focus BMW 1 series VW E-Golf BMW i3 full electric Renault Zoe VW E-up Citroen C-zero Peugeot ion Mitsubishi M-iEV Smart

8 Challenge 2: Business case or TCO impact

9 Alternative power train cost comparison: different scenario s Driver specific budget levers Scenario I Scenario II Scenario III Scenario IV Vehicle specific cost levers Taxation effect for drivers in TCO EV taxation effect for drivers to subsidize lease rate Taxation effect for companies included in TCO budgets EV taxation effect for companies (CTX, SOC) TCO budgets including fuel EV lease rate including fuel and electricity Current car policy budgets per driver level EV lease rate

10 Challenge 3: Implementation

11 Province Vlaams-Brabant and Voka project: Objectives 20 fleet scans for alternative power trains To provide input to companies on potential for EV, hybrid and CNG based on 3 way approach To gather information on potential for alternative power trains for small, medium sized and big companies in order to: Get insights in potential Define needed actions to reach potential Use results to inform and provoke change To make a TCO calculation tool showing the business case for changing the fleet into alternative power trains (EV/CNG)

12 Province Vlaams-Brabant and Voka project: Objectives TCO calculation tool for changing the fleet into alternative power trains (EV/CNG)

13 Thank you Bart Vanham Hans Damen