Surabaya Seminar Ferdinand Sibarani, Surabaya, 30 th October Power Quality

Transcription

1 Surabaya Seminar 2014 Ferdinand Sibarani, Surabaya, 30 th October 2014 Power Quality

2 Content 1. Power quality problems 2. ABB s low voltage (LV) solution PCS100 AVC (Active Voltage Conditioner) PCS100 RPC (Reactive Power Conditioner) PCS100 UPS-I (Industrial Uninterruptible Power Supply) 3. ABB s medium / high voltage (MV / HV) solution PCS100 MV UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) PCS6000 STATCOM (Static Var Compensator) October 30, 2014 Slide 2

3 October 30, 2014 Slide 3 How good is your voltage?

4 Voltage Problems Voltage dip (British) / sag (American) Definition: momentary drops in voltages of between10 and 90 percent of system nominal voltages and generally last from one half cycle to several seconds; Causes: large load changes, motor starting, capacitor bank switching, short circuit faults (e.g. lightning, animals shorting lines, vehicle accidents), etc.; Effect: electrical and electronic equipment to trip or malfunction; Voltage Dip / Sag October 30, 2014 Slide 4

5 Voltage Problems Voltage swell / surge Definition: the increase in the RMS voltage level to 110% - 180% of nominal, at the power frequency for durations of half (½) cycle to one (1) minute --- (IEEE 1159); Causes: abrupt reduction of load (V = L di/dt), single line to ground fault; Effect: damage to electronics and other sensitive equipment. Voltage Swell October 30, 2014 Slide 5

6 Voltage Problems Voltage unbalance Definition: the magnitudes of phase or line voltages are different in a three-phase system; Causes: equipment malfunction, uneven single-phase load distribution among the three phases; Effect: damage to motor & other inductive devices due to excessive heat, and intermittent shutdown of motor controllers and inverters; October 30, 2014 Slide 6

7 Voltage Problems Voltage flicker Definition: voltage drop at particular repeat rates generated over the source impedance of the grid by the changing load current of an equipment or facility; Causes: switching operations of industrial processes and electrical appliances connected to the supply system; Effects: range from minor irritation to a health risk, particularly for those who are prone to epilepsy. Also affect sensitive electronic equipment such as television receivers or industrial processes relying on constant electrical power; Examples: a steel mill uses large electric motors or arc furnaces on a distribution network, or frequent starting of an elevator motor in an office building, or if a rural residence has a large water pump starting regularly on a long feeder system. October 30, 2014 Slide 7

8 Voltage Problems Phase angle errors Definition: the angle between the expected and actual secondary current; Causes: magnetizing current; Effect: power measurement error; October 30, 2014 Slide 8

9 Who needs power quality protection? October 30, 2014 Slide 9

10 Sensitive loads Wide range of industries and applications require voltage stability / conditioning, including: sensitive tooling & machineries (variable speed drives, etc.) cranes; robots (welding, painting, etc.); fiber production and other endless/non-stop processes; compressors; medical equipment (MRI, PET, CT, e.g.); Others (isolated power system, special purpose, etc.) The above load needs protection against power quality problems! October 30, 2014 Slide 10

11 October 30, 2014 Slide 11 What is the solution?

12 Traditional Solutions Available On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) Motor based voltage stabilizer lack speed of response; have limited correction potential; usually do not offer imbalance and phase correction. October 30, 2014 Slide 12

13 Modern Solution Available Voltage conditioner extremely fast & accurate; power electronic based; Features: no energy storage required; correction of under and over voltage, even with regenerative loads rugged overload capability; fault log and voltage event data logging; Ethernet connectivity; modular construction; simple user controls. Benefits: small dimensions (footprint); high reliability; high efficiency; low cost of ownership; commonality of spares; low maintenance. October 30, 2014 Slide 13

14 ABB s Low Voltage Solution PCS100 AVC (Active Voltage Conditioner) October 30, 2014 Slide 14 solution to protect loads from: voltage sag / dip; voltage swell; voltage unbalance; Flicker; size: 200 kva 2,400 kva (up to 10 MVA as customized solution) operating efficiency exceeding 98%; no energy storage; by-pass mechanism; correction capabilities: PCS100 AVC 30%; PCS100 AVC 40%.

15 ABB s Low Voltage Solution PCS100 AVC (Active Voltage Conditioner) AVC draws the additional power required to make up the correction voltage from the utility supply; October 30, 2014 Slide 15

16 No Protection Against PQ Events Utility October 30, 2014 Slide 16 Home

17 PCS100 AVC Sag / Dip Protection Utility Sag Injection Transformer Bypass Rectifier and Inverter October 30, 2014 Slide 17 Home

18 PCS100 AVC Swell Protection Utility Swell Injection Transformer Bypass Rectifier and Inverter October 30, 2014 Slide 18 Home

19 ABB s Low Voltage Solution PCS100 AVC (Active Voltage Conditioner) System description 24/7 operation coal terminal with heavy equipment; Main power from diesel generators; Customer: Developer & operator of one of Indonesia coal terminal Application: load protection against continuous and frequent voltage dips due to heavy equipments operations Solution 1 (one) unit of PCS100 AVC 600 kva Operation date: 28 April 2014; Installation supervision & commissioning performed by ABB Indonesia s local engineer; October 30, 2014 Slide 19

20 October 30, UCD501119c Slide 20

21 Power Quality Problems Others Power factor with dynamic issues; Low order harmonics; Voltage instability caused by loads; imbalance current correction; voltage clamping; October 30, 2014 Slide 21

22 True power factor calculation October 30, 2014 Slide 22

23 ABB s Low Voltage Solution PCS100 RPC (Reactive Power Conditioner) solution for: power factor correction with dynamic issues; voltage control; low order harmonic filtering; imbalance current correction; voltage clamping; size à from 100 kvar to 2 MVAr (other ratings by request) 380 to 480 V; 3 phases Modular redundant power electronic architecture October 30, 2014 Slide 23

24 PCS100 RPC Application Examples Starting current affects other loads Other Loads DOL Starter DOL Starter PCS100 RPC DOL Starter Consider multiple motors on one transformer with other loads. During starting the voltage drop in across the transformer is affecting the other loads If the motors are started in a sequence the utility will see three large starting current events, this could be managed by variable speed drives but it would require 3 VSD s to do this. An alternative to VSD s is for the reactive current requirement to be supplied by a combination of switched capacitors for the base VAr requirement and a PCS100 RPC for the transient starting currents October 30, 2014 Slide 24

25 PCS100 RPC How it works Reactive Power Injecting capacitive or reactive current at fundamental frequency either leading or lagging power factor problems can be corrected kw only on this side RPC Load with High VAr requirement RPC Injecting negative sequence current equal but opposite to the negative sequence current in the load current allows imbalance to be corrected Balanced current Imbalanced current October 30, 2014 Slide 25

26 PCS100 RPC How it works Harmonic Cancellation PCS100 RPC = current source Injecting harmonic current equal but opposite to the load harmonic currents allows harmonics to be corrected Sinusoidal Current RPC Non linear load ( example AC or DC Drive) Load Current October 30, 2014 Slide 26

27 PCS100 RPC Application Examples 2MVA transformer example October 30, 2014 Slide 27

28 ABB s Medium / High Voltage Solution PCS6000 STATCOM (Static Var Compensator) October 30, 2014 Slide 28

29 ABB s Medium / High Voltage Solution PCS6000 STATCOM (Static Var Compensator) PCS6000 STATCOM 2 x 32 MVA PCS6000 STATCOM 1 x 10 MVAR October 30, 2014 Slide 29

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31 Power Quality Problems Others short term power outages; surges, very deep sags October 30, 2014 Slide 31

32 ABB s Low Voltage Solution PCS100 UPS-I (Industrial Uninterruptible Power Supply) solution to protect loads from short term power outages; surges, very deep sags size à from 200 kva up to 5 MVA; autonomy time à from a few seconds up to several minutes; The PCS100 UPS-I is an industrial single conversion UPS. It is inactive unless the voltage swells or sags outside a user set window. October 30, 2014 Slide 32

33 ABB s Low Voltage Solution PCS100 UPS-I (Industrial Uninterruptible Power Supply) Utility Voltage PCS100 UPS-I Voltage Output Voltage 3 phase Utility Supply Distribution Transformer Input Circuit Breaker Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disconnect Circuit Breaker 3 phase Load Output Energy Storage DC Circuit Breaker Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors October 30, 2014 Slide 33

34 ABB s Low Voltage Solution PCS100 UPS-I (Industrial Uninterruptible Power Supply) October 30, 2014 Slide 34

35 PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS No short term outage protection Utility Disturbance October 30, 2014 Slide 35

36 PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Outage protection Utility voltage within limits Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disturbance Utility Disconnect Coupling Transformer Energy Storage Available Autonomy Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors October 30, 2014 Slide 36

37 PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Outage protection Utility disturbance occurs Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disturbance Utility Disconnect Coupling Transformer Energy Storage Available Autonomy Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors October 30, 2014 Slide 37

38 PCS100 UPS-I, Industrial UPS Outage protection Utility voltage return Fail-Safe Bypass Utility Disturbance Utility Disconnect Coupling Transformer Energy Storage Available Autonomy Inverter Batteries or Ultracapacitors October 30, 2014 Slide 38

39 ABB s Medium / High Voltage Solution PCS100 MV UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) Traditionally various UPS and power conditioning devices installed on low voltage level For this method there are many challenges: Floor space Maintenance Energy efficiency Availability Supervision October 30, 2014 Slide 39

40 ABB s Medium / High Voltage Solution PCS100 MV UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) 6.6 kv, 6 MVA PCS100 Medium Voltage UPS October 30, 2014 Slide 40

41 PCS100 RPC Where the PCS100 RPC fits Power quality problem from outside (grid) Power quality problem from inside (loads) Solution: PCS100 AVC PCS100 UPS-I Solution: PCS100 RPC October 30, 2014 Slide 41

42 ABB s Engineering & Technical Support ABB services span the entire product ownership life cycle: ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü Pre-purchase engineering; Installation and commissioning; Technical support; Training; Preventive and corrective maintenance and maintenance spare parts kits Retrofit and refurbishment; Globally available, supported by regional service hubs and operating in more than 100 countries Spare part availability and stocking- On-site repairs 24 x 365 local support line October 30, 2014 Slide 42

43 October 30, UCD501119c Slide 43