2018/EWG/WKSP1/011 Electric Vehicle and Its Infrastructure for the Future of Charging

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1 2018/EWG/WKSP1/011 Electric Vehicle and Its Infrastructure for the Future of Charging Submitted by: CHAdeMO Association APEC Electromobility Workshop Santiago, Chile 1-2 February 2018

2 EV and Its Infrastructure - For the Future of Charging February 2 nd CHAdeMO Association Secretary General Makoto YOSHIDA

3 Agenda 1. Background 2. CHAdeMO Standard 3. Future Direction 2

4 1. Background 2. CHAdeMO Standard 3. Future Direction 3

5 EV s Attractiveness Sustainability Low Operation Cost Quiet Acceleration Connectivity Charge at Home Design Flexibility Contribute to Grid 4

6 EV s Task High Vehicle Price Short Driving Range Long Charging Time Charging System & Battery 5

7 EV contribute for Better Air Quality Stop Global Warming Increasing Grid Stability Release from Oil Dependence Industrial Innovation Efficient Infra Investment 6

8 Electrification Background Air Quality USA (California) China India Global Warming Europe Energy Security China India Arabic Country Industrial Innovation Germany China India ASEAN 7

9 Direction Goes EV EU; 24Bil Euro for Charger (TEN-T) UK; Ban of Pure ICE by 2040 France; Ban of Pure ICE by 2040 Germany; Ban of ICE by 2030 (not finalized) India; Ban of ICE by 2032 Malaysia; K EV Thailand; EV Policy Announced California; ZEV Mandate % + $2.5Bil for Charger USA; $5Bil for Charger from Govt. + $2Bil for Charger from VW (Penalty) China NEV Mandate; %, %, % NEV Volume; Mil, Mil, Mil with EV Charger Others Contacted CHAdeMO Australia, New Zealand, Philippine, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Indonesia, Singapore, UAE, Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia 8

10 Automobile Manufactures Activities OEM Volvo All EV or HEV after 2019 VW All rights reserved. CHAdeMO Association 20-25% of total sales Approx. 50 model 3 Million xev Slaes 400K@2020 in China, 1.5 Bil. Investment into China Daimler New EV Bland EQ, 15-25% EV by 2025 Ford Renault Tesla Nissan Honda xev Slaes 70%@2025 in China Launch 4 models 500K order of Model 3, Total sales Volume 0.5 Million by 2018 end Cumulative EV Sales volume 350K EV launch with 2/3 of Total Sales to be xev by 2030 (50%;PHEV/HEV, 15% FCV/EV Toyota With Mazda, DENSO new Company for EV established in 2017 In China New PHEV Launch in 2018, Start to sell EV from 2019 Mitsubishi Launch Small EV and PHEV After 2020, xev powertrain line-up for all main Models Subaru PHEV Launch in 2018, EV Launch in 2021 Mazda EV Launch in 2019, PHEV Launch in 2021 Suzuki In India, New LIB Manufacturing Company with Toshiba, DENSO (20Bil. JPY) 9 9

11 Battery it s Important! Requirement on Battery Huge Demand (1500K with Bigger Battery@2020) Big Capacity for Longer Range (500km) High Chargeability for Quicker Charging (10min?) High Durability(Designed for multi Generation Use) Recyclability (Systematic Quality Assurance) High Density(350Wh/kg@2020 China) Low Cost($200/kWh@2020 NEDO) Less Rare Metal / Rare Earth Output Quality of Electricity(Accuracy, Response) Safety (No Fire, No Explosion, No Toxically Cabin) Battery Differentiate EV 10

12 Benefit of Charger Charger Needed to Deploy EV Europe Euro EV Euro Cgr CY2010 CY2011 CY2012 CY2013 CY2014 CY2015 CY2016 CY

13 Importance of Charging Network Rollout EV sales QC and EV sales by each Pref. in Japan No. of QC No. of QC EV (LEAF) Sales 12 12

14 1. Background 2. Charging Standard 3. Future Direction 13

Type of Charging Distance Charging Network @Home @Destination Short

Stay for some term Supply Needs, Urgency Speed Normal Normal or Fast

15 Type of Charging Distance Short Short/Mid Long Charger Charger Pathway Charger Charger Type Basic Stay for some term Supply Needs, Urgency Speed Normal Normal or Fast Fast Normal Charging Fast Charging 8hours (AC/SP 200V) 30min (DC 500V) 14 14

16 DC Charging Standards CHAdeMO GB/T US-COMBO CCS1 EUR-COMBO CCS2 Tesla Connector Inlet IEC USA Europe Japan China Communication CAN PLC CAN Max Pwr(Spec) 200kW 600x kW 750x kW 600x kW 900x400? Max Pwr(Mkt) 150kW 50kW 50kW 350kW? 120kW First Launch

DC Charging Standards CHAdeMO US-COMBO CCS1 CAN protocol are the majority GB/T EUR-COMBO CCS2 Tesla Connector PLC Inlet IEC USA Europe Japan China CAN Communication CAN PLC CAN Max

17 DC Charging Standards CHAdeMO US-COMBO CCS1 CAN protocol are the majority GB/T EUR-COMBO CCS2 Tesla Connector PLC Inlet IEC USA Europe Japan China CAN Communication CAN PLC CAN Max Pwr(Spec) 200kW 600x kW 750x kW 600x kW 900x400? CHAdeMO(CAN) GB/T(CAN) Tesla(CAN) CCS(PLC) Max Pwr(Mkt) 150kW 50kW 50kW 350kW? 120kW First Launch

18 CHAdeMO Association Since economies, 372 organizations Consortium Manufacturers Charger Vehicle Electricity Connector Auto Parts Cable Power grid Communication / IT Installers construction Certification organization Membership fee: $5K (Full) $1K (Info) 17

19 Priority of Charging Standard Customer Benefit Availability Function Cost Safe, Reliable, and Compatible V2X Vehicle cost Infra investment Fee High Power Charge 18

20 CHAdeMO Numbers as of end of Jan ,571 16,075 as of Aug

21 CHAdeMO Numbers as of end of Jan ,571Total 16,075 Japan Europe as of USA Aug Asia

22 Function Required for Charger Marketability Flexibility to Local Grid, Convenience, New Function etc.. Compatibility Quality for E Grid Safety 21

Compatibility Nissan : LEAF Nissan: env200

Mitsubishi MiEV (Truck) Kia Soul Subaru :

only) VW e UP (JPN only) VW e Golf (JPN only)

23 Compatibility Nissan : LEAF Nissan: env200 Citroen: C-ZERO Peugeot: Partner Citroen: Berlingo Peugeot: ion Otomotiv : escudo Otomotiv: etrafic Otomotive ekangoo Tesla Model S with adapter Mistubishi i-miev Mitsubishi Outlander Mitsubishi CAB-MiEV Mitsubishi MiEV (Truck) Kia Soul Subaru : Stella Toyota: eq Mazda: Demio EV BMW i3 (JPN only) VW e UP (JPN only) VW e Golf (JPN only) Nissan : LEAF Safety Credibility Compatibility Guarantee with Certificate System 22

24 Cost Comparison Internal Combustion Engine Battery EV Fuel Cell Vehicle Car Price (w/o Subsidy) - + $10K + $40K Running Cost 10 C / $1 / Liter 2 C / 10 C / kwh 25 C / $3 / m3 Infrastructure (w/ install cost) $1 Mil/ Station $50K/ Station $5 Mil / Station 23 Comparison in Japanese Model (Elec Fee, Gas Price etc)

25 1. Background 2. CHAdeMO Standard 3. Future Direction 24

26 CHAdeMO Achievement and Direction Safety; Since 2009, No Accidents for chargers Quality for Grid;V2X Function, No Accident Compatibility; 30EV, 40 Areas Grid, 50 type Chargers Marketability; High Power, Dynamic Control etc Various Charging Style (Functional expansion) From Big to Small (Category expansion) Glocale (Geographical expansion) 25

Expansion Geographical Expansion Functional Expansion Category

27 Expansion with Core-Protocol Guarantee Safety / Compatibility with Core-Protocol, then Functional Expansion Category Expansion Geographical Expansion Functional Expansion Category Expansion CHAdeMO Core Protocol Current CHAdeMO Geographical Expansion

28 Glocal with Open Platform Strategy Target Designed, Made, Certified, Sold, Charged Locally CHAdeMO Similarity Makes Export Easy (Global) Proposal Localize the Certification Scheme Empowerment to Local Organization Open All the Intellectual Property With Local Companies to Minimize Cost Local Unique Standard with CHAdeMO Core Protocol Technical Support (Global Help Desk, Lecture, Education..) CHAdeMO Local Office (Tokyo + Europe, Thai, India, UK) 27

29 Geographical Adjustment(under consideration) Indian Unique Voltage Multi logo Certification Thai Unique CORE Protocol Original CHAdeMO Increase Similarity with Chinese Standard Example Apply any version of CHAdeMO spec (Backward compatibility) Detail Numbers Accuracy Revision (if possible)

30 Industrial Innovation EV Manufacturing Big Investment, Hard Battery Manufacturing Hard but Possible Charger Manufacturing Able to Start Tomorrow ー Low Technical Barrier ー Low Machine Cost ー Low Installation Cost ー Low Industrial Investment ー No Patent Fee ー With Technical Support ー Expected to Export due to Commonality and Popularity 29

31 Category Expansion Common Protocol, Common Communication Method Physical issue (inlet, connectors) might be Various 2W, Ultra Small Racing Car Bus Truck Wireless (Communication) Vehicle Certification (if required) Work Vehicle Boat 30

32 Technology Trend for Battery Capacity increase DC (6-10kW) High Power Charging (100kW ) V2X Function Various Charging Battery as Energy Device - Peak Cut - PV utilization - Join VPP - Emergency Reserve - Leisure Batt Cap Up Not Full Charge(20kW) Short Stay Charge Low Cost, Power Charge No Invertor in the Car Guide by Connected AI 31

33 CHAdeMO High-power roadmap Power share Pantograph 50kW 125Ax500V 100/ kW (Cont./Peak) 400Ax500V kW (Const.) kW A x 1kV Forced cooling connector & cable Dynamic power control (Real time adaptive control) High Power needs to come with appropriate Vehicle Appropriate Deployment Plan Necessary (Cost High) 32

34 Task of High-Power Short Duration Battery Acceptance Capacity Charge Power 50kW 150kW 350kW 25kWh 30 min 10 min??? 50kWh 1 hour 20 min? Impact to the Power Grid Need Special High power Contract ex;900v w/400a Electrical Safety Heat Resistance for High Current Electrical Shock for High Voltage Heavier Cable and Connector with Liquid Cooling Multi-Arm with Power Share 150kWh 3 hours 1 hour 30 min Low Installation cost, Low Operation cost No Waiting Vehicle Line 33

35 Small Power 20kW Output also Beneficial Low Operating Cost (Low Impact to the Grid) Easy Installation (Low Investment) Longer Duration at Stay (Opportunity for the Mall) Big Battery Allow Only Add-on Portion Enough for Small Vehicle But, Safe and Compatible 34

36 V2X PCSs Already on Sale Globally 6kW V2H 10kW V2H/G 5kW V2H/G 6kW V2H 6kW V2H 1.5kW V2L 9kW V2L Mitsubishi Honda AESC Honda Takaoka Toko nichicon IKS Tsubakimoto Any PCS Alir Power Andromeda Power Princeton Power Enel Endesa 6kW V2H/G 10kW V2H/G 6kW V2V 30kW V2V 35

37 Conclusion Electric Vehicle will Contribute New Mobility New Energy Scheme New Industry in Chili Electromobility Charging Infrastructure Help to Deploy it Battery Technology is another Key for it 36

38 Thank you for your attention Muchas gracias por su atención

Super High Power Charging China-Japan Joint Research Project

Super High Power Charging China-Japan Joint Research Project November 30 th, 2018 CHAdeMO Association Secretary General Makoto YOSHIDA Charging Public @Base 充電方式の違い Home Office @Destination Outside Short