Delo 400 NG SAE 15W-40 CNG Heavy Duty Engine Oil

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1 CNG Heavy Duty Engine Oil Product Performance Review in CNG Waste Truck Operations Leonard Badal CMRP, CLS, OMA, MLT, MLA Commercial Sector Manager

2 Growth in Natural Gas for Vehicle Applications Mobile natural gas continues to grow in popularity in over-the-road applications CNG and LNG Fuels have favorable low carbon intensity compared to diesel Centralized Vehicle/Fueling Applications Increased usage in ports, waste companies, LTL trucking, Vocational trucking, and airports to reduce Particulate Matter Roundtrip Local Fleets converting to CNG/LNG vehicles savings plus green sustainability LNG preferred for long-haul applications allows for flexible fuel ing options for trucks on the road CNG/LNG trucks typically cost more than conventional trucks, but quick ROI is achieved from reduced fuel cost

3 OEM Approvals Original Engine Manufacturers Approvals Cummins CES Detroit Diesel 93K216 Chevron Recommends use in: Mercedes Benz CNG Engines Volvo CNG Engines Renault RGD Engines Mack CNG Engines Isuzu CNG Engines Hino CNG Engines Hyundai CNG Engines 3

4 Cummins CES Approval Performance Cummins 8.3 G engine test protocol for CES approval Test Duration 200 h Engine Speed 2400 RPM Power Output 200 kw Fuel Feed Rate 43 kg/h Gallery Oil Temp 106 C Coolant Temp 90 C Intake Air Temp 46 C Fuel Temp 20 C

5 Cummins CES Approval Liner Wear Performance 47% better liner wear protection at 200 hour test limit vs. RPM GEO 15W-40 in this test 18% better liner wear protection at double the test hours vs. RPM GEO in this test 15W-40 in this test in this test

6 Cummins CES Approval Tappet Facet Wear Performance 53% better tappet face wear protection at 200 hour test limit vs. RPM GEO 15W-40 Delo 400 NG shows 14% lower tappet wear at double the test interval versus the maximum allowable test limit

7 CNG/LNG Heavy Duty Engine Oil Waste Truck Field Test Performance Republic Waste Field Test Las Vegas, NV Cummins ISL-G (8.9L) Engines

8 Cummins ISL G CNG Engines Cummins Recommendations for CNG Oil Drains Cummins ISL G in Waste/Refuse Truck Service Recommended Oil Drain Intervals (Miles & Hours) for CNG Oils Republic Waste started at 450 hour oil drain intervals then targeting 600 hour oil drain intervals after initial 4-6 month period of operation. Long term their goal is to achieve a minimum of 750 hour oil drain intervals with Delo 400 NG SAE 15W-40

9 Republic Waste Field Trial Delo Products for CNG Waste Trucks Premium Delo Family of Products recommended for Waste/Refuse CNG powered trucks support extended lubricant and coolant drain intervals while providing superb parts protection

10 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines Vocational Truck Application Republic Waste Las Vegas, NV Waste Side Loader Trucks and Roll-Off Trucks New 2012 Mack/Autocar trucks with Cummins ISL G engines Field testing started July 2012 Delo 400 NG SAE 15W-40 Auxiliary Products: Delo ELC, Delo Synthetic Gear Oil 75W-90, and Delo Heavy Duty EP 2 Grease Used Oil sampling every hours on test vehicles Target Initial drain interval to 450 hours and then to 600 hours 2 nd testing program in 2013 to move out to 750 hours and possibly longer Additionally, review of auxiliary component lubrication will be further evaluated for performance (Axles, greased components and coolants performance)

11 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines Viscosity Control 17 Cummins Recommended Drain Level Republic Waste Targeted Oil Drain Levels cst maximum viscosity level 15 Vis scosity cst cst minimum viscosity level Oil Hours Viscosity it of Delo 400 NG SAE 15W-40 is well under control even out to targeted t 600 hour oil drain levels and beyond for a few vehicles

12 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines TAN Resistance TAN Trend Maximum TAN Level 4.5 Cummins Recommended Drain Level Republic Waste Targeted Oil Drain Levels 3 Ac cid Number Oil Hours TAN is under control at less than the maximum level l of 4.5 even past the 600 hour drains that some vehicles are achieving

13 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines Iron Wear Control Iron Wear Cummins Recommended Drain Level Maximum UOA Iron Wear 200ppm Republic Waste Targeted Oil Drain Levels 100 Iron PPM Oil Hours Iron wear rates are well under maximum level l of 200ppm especially at break in period of new engines hour oil drain intervals are trending well

14 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines Aluminum Wear Control 30 Aluminum Wear Maximum UOA Aluminum Wear 30ppm Aluminum PPM Cummins Recommended Drain Level Republic Waste Targeted Oil Drain Levels Oil Hours Aluminum u wear rates are low and stable at below the maximum level e of 30ppm especially for trucks at or beyond 600 hour oil drain intervals

15 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines Cummins ISL G Bearing Structure t Cummins ISL G engines uses a tri-metal bearing Tin Flash, Lead, Copper,Steel base The tin flash layer is designed to wear off during engine break-in to allow appropriate bearing seating The lead layer is designed to be wear away slowly to provide a softer surface for longer engine performance For used oil analysis lead wear will come typically from the bearings At some point, the lead layer will give way to a copper under-layer which indicates the bearing is wearing out and the engine bearings changed - for older engines High copper in used oil analysis typically indicates bearing wear (60-200ppm) High copper in newer engines is typically due to copper oil cooler being passivated ( ppm) After the passivation period in new engines the copper level in used oil analysis should fall below 30ppm Copper Bearing Underlay Tin Flash Top Layer Steel Bearing Base Lead Bearing Underlay

16 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines Lead Wear Control (Bearing wear control) Lead Wear Cummins Recommended Drain Level Maximum UOA Lead Wear 30ppm Republic Waste Targeted Oil Drain Levels 20 Lead PPM Oil Hours Lead wear rates are trending down as the new engines es are broken in and the maximum level of 30ppm especially for trucks at or beyond 600 hour oil drain intervals

17 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines Copper Wear Control (Oil Cooler Passivation and Bearing Wear Control) 600 Copper Wear 500 Copper PPM Maximum UOA Aluminum Wear 30ppm Oil Hours High Copper level due to new engine break-in THIS IS NORMAL FOR NEW ENGINES AS THE COPPER OIL COOLER PASSIVATION PROCESS OCCURS. Once the oil cooler is passivated between 1,000 to 1,500 hours, we expect copper to fall under the maximum limit indicating very good bearing corrosion protection.

18 Republic Waste Field Trial with Cummins ISL-G Engines - Summary Delo 400 NG SAE 15W-40 Viscosity staying in grade showing excellent shear stability and performance of the oil Providing excellent wear metals control even out past 600 hours of oil drain intervals Copper Wear rates are high but expected for new engines as copper oil cooler is passivated Based on low lead wear rates none of the copper is coming from bearing wear Delo 400 NG providing very good acid control even past 600 hours of operation Republic Waste pleased with first part of the field testing program looking to develop next target of 750 hour oil drain intervals starting in Republic Waste Planning to add more CNG trucks for the future.