Pollution by the Shipping Industry: Current Vessels and the Next Generation of Ships

Transcription

1 Pollution by the Shipping Industry: Current Vessels and the Next Generation of Ships Presented by Helen Noble 3 April 2014

2 Pollution by the Shipping Industry Oil pollution Exhaust Gas Emissions Acoustic Ballast Water Impact of Ships on marine life Greywater, bilge water and solid waste pollution

3 Oil Pollution THE NIGHTMARE BEGINS.

4 Torey Canyon 18 March 1967

5 Argo Merchant December 1976

6 Amoco Cadiz March 1978

7 Atlantic Empress July 1979

8 Exxon Valdez March 1989

9 Braer January 1993

10 Sea Empress February 1996

11 Erika December 1999

12 Prestige November 2002

13 MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Adopted 1973 Protocols 1978 and 1997, updated by amendments Addresses: pollution by oil, noxious liquid substances carried in bulk, harmful substances carried in packaged form, sewage, garbage and prevention air pollution Applies 99% world s merchant tonnage

14 Ship design to prevent pollution from oil tankers Annex 1 MARPOL 1992 mandatory for tankers of 5,000 dwt and more ordered after 6 July 1993 to be fitted with double hulls Applied existing ships converted or taken out of service if reached up to 30 years old Phase out accelerated by Erika April 2001 and again December 2003 Ban on carriage HGO in single hull tankers of 5,000 tons dwt after 5 April 2005 and in singlehull tankers 600+ tons dwt 5,000 tons dwt no later than anniversary their delivery date in Further revisions post Prestige and in force 5 April 2005 phasing out single-hull to be completed 2010

15 Single Hull v. Double Hull

16 Carriage of Chemicals design of ships Marpol Annex II and regulations in SOLAS Chapter VII Carriage of Dangerous Goods Require tankers built after 1 July 1986 to comply with the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC) IBC Code prescribes design and construction standards Code extended by resolution Dec 1985 to cover marine pollution aspects ships typed in type 1-3 ships

17 Air Pollution Marpol Annex VI Introduced 1997 force 19 May 2005 Revised Annex VI October 2008 force 1 July 2010 Minimise emissions from ships of SOx, NOx, ODS and VOC

18 Air Pollution Revised MARPOL Annex VI - Sulphur Global sulphur cap is reduced initially to 3.50% (from the current 4.50%) - effective from 1 January 2012 then progressively to 0.50 % - effective from 1 January 2020, subject to a feasibility review to be completed no later than The limits applicable in ECAs for SOx and particulate matter were reduced to 1.00%, beginning on 1 July 2010 (from the original 1.50%); being further reduced to 0.10 %, effective from 1 January 2015.

19 Air Pollution Revised MARPOL Annex VI Nitrogen Oxide Progressive reductions in NOx emissions from marine diesel engines installed on ships - Tier II emission limit for engines installed on or after 1 January 2011 more stringent "Tier III" emission limit for engines installed on or after 1 January 2016 operating in ECAs. Marine diesel engines installed on or after 1 January 1990 but prior to 1 January 2000 are required to comply with Tier I emission limits, if an approved method for that engine has been certified by an Administration. Revised NOx Technical Code agreed approach for regulation of existing (pre-2000) engines, provisions for a direct measurement and monitoring method, a certification procedure for existing engines, and test cycles to be applied to Tier II and Tier III engines.

20 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Revised MARPOL Annex VI Resolution MEPC.203 (62) amendments to MARPOL Annex VI Introduces two very important concepts: The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) Four further resolutions since with guidelines for implementation of EEDI and SEEMP

21 Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) EEDI Aim promote use of more energy efficient and less polluting engines Minimum energy efficiency level per capacity mile for different ship type and size From 1 January 2013 two year phase new ships designed need meet reference level for ship type Level tightened incrementally every 5 years Provides a specific figure for an individual ship design, expressed in grams of CO2 per ship s capacity mile Smaller EEDI more efficient ship design

22 Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) Mandatory all ships as of July 2011 Operational measure mechanism to improve the energy efficiency of a ship in a cost-effective manner Best practices for fuel efficient ship operation Approach for shipping companies to manage ship and fleet efficiency performance over time using the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)

23 Impact of MARPOL Annex VI on ship design Fuel saving but at what price Requires deeper investment in more efficient ships, more sophisticated technology Big issue how do we design ships that burn less fuel and emit less harmful substances?

24 Short Term Measures Slow steaming Specially designed vessels to maximise slow steaming

25 Emma Maersk

26 Maersk Conakry

27 Maersk Triple E ships

28 Short to Medium term solutions Alternative fuels LNG/Bio-fuels Hybrid Propulsion systems Gas turbines Renewable energy - wind and solar

29 LNG Brittany ferries order for 270m gas-powered vessel to service route between Cork and Roscoff from 2017 Bit Viking twin diesel engines converted for operation in Baltic and Norwegian waters on LNG UASC on order five 18,000 TEU and four 14,000 TEU containerships deliver from April 2015 capable of being fuelled with LNG

30 Francisco

31 Viking Lady

32 Wind powered

33 MS Beluga

34 MS TÛRANOR PLANETSOLAR

35 Not far to this.

36 THANK YOU Helen Noble Campbell Johnston Clark Tel: