Green Shipping - Regulatory and policy aspects of LNG sector development

Transcription

1 Green Shipping - Regulatory and policy aspects of LNG sector development Lasse Karlsen, Technical Director Norwegian Maritime Authority MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 1

2 Green Shipping - Regulatory and policy aspects of LNG sector development Latest developments: Green fuel solutions LNG development Regulatory fundament Reducing emissions Future requirements Zero emission shipping MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 2

3 Norwegian Maritime Authority Parent bodies: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries (main) Ministry of Climate and Environment MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 3

4 THE MISSION OF NORWEGIAN MARITIME AUTHORITY Safeguard life, health, environment and property MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 4

5 HOW TO MANAGE OUR MISSION Safeguard life, health, environment and property Battery fishing boat 2015 APPROVE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN OF SHIPPING MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 5

6 Green Shipping NAVIGATION WASTE WATER EXHAUST GHG NOISE SCRUBBER NOx REDUCTION GREEN SHIPPING HULL DESIGN BALLAST WATER BLIGE FUELS PROPELLER ANTI FOULING MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 6

7 International agreements ++ Gothenburg Protocol MARPOL Annex VI Sulphur < 0.10% within ECAs from 1 January 2015 Sulphur < 0.50% from 1 January 2020 in all other areas/high seas Norway s local NOX tax area China s local ECA s NOx» Tier II from 2011 Global» Nox Tier III from 2016 in NECAs MEPC 71 Approved NOx Tier III for European ECAs from MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 7

8 Green Shipping: Many compliant* fuel options for the ECAs and 2020 HFO w/scrubbers and w/scr or EGR Low sulphur marine diesel w/scr or EGR Low sulphur diesel oil w/scr - EGR Ammonia gas dual fuel? LNG/gas single/dual fuel Methanol dual fuel Ethane dual fuel Propane (LPG) dual fuel HyTan - H2+LNG/gas single/dual fuel Electrical propulsion battery only Biodiesel, GTL/DME or LBG (Biogas) LH2 or CH2 with fuel cells and battery + COLD IRONING AND CHARGING * Existing international agreements MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 8

9 Source: DNVGL MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 9

10 Political decision on LNG in Norway The world s first low NOx-, zero SO2- and Particle and low CO2 emission ferry! MS Glutra, from MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 10

11 Emission governance by tax on NOx in Norway Emission reduction requirements (Gothenburg Protocol / MARPOL Annex VI) Emission tax on NOx ~ NOK per kg, or; Alternatively: Owners can join the private NOx fund and only pay a fee of NOK 4.00 per kg and be able to re-allocate funds when investing in low NOx emission technology MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 11

12 MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 12

13 GHG WTP Life Cycle assessments Marine fuels New HPDF engines HFO LS-MGO LNG (Qatar) LNG (Qatar) WTT Refinery part TTP ~56.1 Total WTP 87.49* 88.8 > >> gco2eq/mjf Source: DNVGL - 10% ~ 25% *Energy for scrubbing not included MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 13

14 Methane slip new technology reduces Methane slip Further ongoing development LPSI engines LPDF engines HPDF engines ~ 2,5% Methane slip ~ 3.0 3,5 % Methane slip ~ Zero Methane slip MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 14

15 g / kwh g / kwh g / kwh g /kwh *Calculation by ICCT International Council on Clean Transportation Emission experience 2010 results MDO - 1% S Particles ~ Zero NEW ~ 20% GHG* 2 1 LNG 0 MDO - 1% S SOx LNG ~ Zero CO 2 ~ 26% NOx % MDO - 1% S LNG 0 MDO - 1% S LNG MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING

16 MELKØYA, HAMMERFEST LNG export plant Availability of LNG: 21 ports in Norway SAGA FJORDBASE, Florø 500 M3 Trailers very common ~45 LNG semitrailers doing bunkering in Norway Fredrikstad Skangas Terminal m MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING The preferred maritime administration 16

17 Safety LNG bunkering 17 years in Norway ~ oper. One smaller personal injury Hose disconnection accident after bunkering. Frost bite/cold burn on hand and leg. 1 week sick leave. Change of procedure and training. Seven minor technical ship accidents One leak of 120 kg of LNG in bunker-connector due to excessive stress caused by rapid heeling. No harm to persons or ship. Ant heeling turned off due to program updating Change of gas detection, procedures and training. Three mooring failures - ship moved from berth. LNG hose under stress but did not break. Change of procedure and training Three overfilling's while alternating between bottom filling and top spray minor amount og LNG release thru vent mast Instrumentation and design failures corrected MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 17

18 SHIP BUNKER OPTIONS Tank farm to ship with rigid arm or hoses 3-6 High capacity Ship to ship for larger vessels 3-6 rigid or hose (s) Truck to Ship very flexible 2-2,5 hose MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 18

19 TOTE container ships Multiple trucks Jacksonville US Truck bunker operation in Japan SAKIGAKE Tug, port of Yokohama MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 19

20 IMO International regulations the IGF Code 2004 Proposal from Norway to develop Gas Code In force 1 January 2017 International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels Under development Fuel cells Methanol Low flash diesel MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 20

21 LNG one of the low carbon fuels of the future Clean fuel Can meet the IMO tier III level on NOx and the SOx requirements in ECAs (Even new regulations on black carbon GHG issue) Low carbon and GHG fuel (lower than natural pipeline gas) Reduces GHG compared to HFO/MGO (H₂S+CO₂ removed, higher H2, no black carbon) (~ 46%) Quantity The predicted amount of natural gas is huge (may last for several hundred years) Proven, economical, available and regulated 55 years in large scale, 17 years in small scale LNG has the potential to be economically competitive compared to heavy fuel oil (HFO) Many liquefaction plant and storage and regasification terminals ww MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 21

22 Newbuildings under Norwegian regulations and flag in 2016 First LNG-powered car carriers 2 ships Owner: Wallenius / NYK Zero Methane slip engines 4000 cars 181 meters First methanol-powered cargo ships 4 ships of 50,000 DWT MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 22

23 Towards zero emission shipping Battery hybrid partly zero emission Zero emission battery only World s first battery hybrid fishing boat MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 23

24 Zero emission - electric propulsion and battery 2015 First battery driven ferry in Norway Energy consumption in kwh / trip Tons of CO 2 /year MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 24

25 Batteries in ships - an interesting trend Source: Maritime Battery Forum MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 25

26 Viking Energy LNG PSV with battery Peak shaving, start and stop function and as spinning reserve Data from the first year shows the following fuel savings: 3 % peak shaving during transit 20 % start/stop in harbour / standby 32 % in DP operation % overall savings In addition lower running hours and maintenance cost, approx NOK/year Source: Eidesvik MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 26

27 Grieg Shipping Hybrid Crane bulk carrier A small battery pack installed for peak shaving during crane operations. Reasonably low cost of investment due to small battery pack, only 67 kwh needed. Following reduction in emission: CO2 equivalent to 100 cars NOx equivalent to 5000 cars In addition, reduction in running hours Source: Grenland Energy MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 27

28 Fuels for the future The fuel mix of the future will be more complex than today. Fuel could differ to each vessel and its trade area. The Norwegian Maritime Authority cannot predict the future fuel, but we aim to be a partner that finds good and safe solutions together with the industry. A new IMO strategy on GHG may change the situation as significant CO₂ reductions may be mandatory. FUELS USED IN IMO ISWG-GHG 2/2/4 ( ) Input to GHG reduction solutions (Submitted by Norway) (Low carbon fuels) LPG LNG Biodiesel LBG (liquid biogas) MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 28

29 Next agreement: Zero emission shipping => No CO₂ in 2050? MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 29

30 COP21 - IMO and reduction of GHG emissions from shipping A.963/23(23) Urged MEPC to identify and develop the mechanisms needed to limit or reduce GHG emissions from shipping. MEPC.203(62) Mandatory technical (EEDI) and operational (SEEMP) measures for energy efficiency. MEPC.229(65) Promotion of technical co-operation and transfer of technology for improvement of energy efficiency of ships. MEPC.278(70) Data collection system for fuel oil consumption of ships mandatory recording & reporting for ships> 5000 GT. Start of development of a comprehensive IMO strategy on reduction of GHG emissions MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 30

31 INITIAL IMO STRATEGY ON REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS VISION: [Sustainable development in line with UNFCCC and Paris Agreement (COP21)] [Reducing GHG emissions from international shipping to/towards zero as soon as possible/by 2050] Ambitions possible approaches: Annual total GHG to be kept below a defined level in 2050 [ 2008 level or -70% of and pursuing 100%] GHG em. to peak and then decline [rapid declining from 2025, full decarbonisation 2050] Carbon intensity of international shipping to decline [reduce CO₂ pr. tonne-km by 50%/90% by 2050 based on 2008 level][ improve energy efficiency CO₂ pr. tonne-km by 40% by 2030 based on 2008 level] MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 31

32 CO₂ Reduction potential ISWG-GHG 2/2/4 from NORWAY Dated Biofuels* Sails and H₂? *Renewables MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 32

33 Fig 2. CO₂ emission reduction potential from individual measures, classified in 5 main categories of measures. Bauman et al, Cost efficiency will depend on trade and trading area MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 33

34 Hydrogen as fuel Increased interest in using H₂ as fuel. A number of projects looking into hydrogen solutions! Hydrogen H₂ differs from natural gas; higher explosion potential, lower ignition energy, lower density and lower liquid temperature There are no fuel systems that are adopted for civil marine use Every aspect of the use of H₂ on board needs to be assessed in order to ensure that the vessel is as safe as a conventional vessel No prescriptive requirements MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 34

35 New car ferries under development in Norway CRYOGEN or COMPRESSED HYDROGEN (LH2/CH2) AND FUEL CELLS CHARGING BATTERIES ETO: 2021 Source: Norwegian Roads administration MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 35

36 30 M CH2 PAXCAT ETO: 2021 Source: Brødrene Aa MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 36

37 Zero Emission Cruisers a safety and logistics challenge H2 fuel cells and batteries Estimated to be ready for operation in MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 37

38 THE SHIP INTELLIGENCE ERA SHIPPING 6.0 Illustration: DNVGL / RR / UIP - Project MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 38

39 Eco-efficient technology options Shipping 6.0* Advanced digital assistance and control of shipping New digital navigation equipment and systems Better integration of all navigation information New non-fossil propulsion systems Automatic anti-collision systems Cyber Internet and full connectivity BIG data, IoT Real-time data collection and diagnosis Automated docking and sail away Shore-based control and operation Navigation by computers autonomous ships * By Lasse Karlsen, Norwegian Maritime Authority MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 39

40 STATUS IN NORWAY: - World s first test area for autonomous ships - World s first autonomous ship under design The Fjord of Trondheim MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 40

41 119 YEARS SINCE NIKOLA TESLA PRESENTED HIS REMOTE-CONTROLLED MODEL VESSEL Nikola Tesla demonstrated remote operation of model vessel in 1898 On 13 June 2017, IMO decided to do a scoping exercise to prepare for navigation of autonomous ships MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 41

42 Wärtsila MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 42

43 Tesla of the Seas! Ref. The Wall Street Journal 75 M, 120 TEU BATTERY ONLY ETO: 2018 / 2020 (Remote operation : 15-18% energy reduction) MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 43

44 General regelasjon in SOLAS SOLAS Ch.1 Reg. 4b Vessels with new and novel design may be given exemptions from: Reg. II-1: Construction, hull, stability, machinery etc., Reg. II-2: on fire protection etc., Reg. III: LSA., Reg. IV: Communication Reg. V: Navigation (Ch V. Reg 3.2) SOLAS Ch.1 Reg.5a Vessels shall be allowed to use alternatives to prescriptive solutions Basic requirement: Safety shall be acceptable to the administration(s) and provide the same or better level of safety compared with prescriptive regulations MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 44

45 Approval of novel design, new technology and alternatives Required reading for innovators: MSC.1/Circ. 1455: Guidelines for the approval of alternatives and equivalents as provided for in various IMO instruments MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 45

46 The future: Greener Shipping! Owners are invited to build Green fuelled ships to Norwegian flag and regulations! MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 46

47 Thanks for the attention! MOVING TOWARDS GREEN SHIPPING 47