utility vs. style: a closer look at PBY bow designs
|
|
- James Ball
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 utility vs. style: a closer look at PBY bow designs
2 Consolidated started working on the first drafts of their Model 28 in October 1933 in a bid to win a promising U.S. Navy contract. Upon winning the contract, the aircraft was assigned its official designation: PB for its role as Patrol Bomber, followed by Y, the manufacturer s code for Consolidated. A legend was born. Over the next 80 years, the iconic PBY Catalina became the most successful flying-boat design of all times, with over three thousand units built between 1936 and 1945 and an uncanny proficiency in any role it could possibly be given, be it patrol, search and rescue, firefighting, commercial service or luxurious flying yacht. With its versatility in all elements coupled with its range and endurance, the tough PBY would make you believe it could achieve anything. Of course, such a long career was not possible without modifications along the way. In the nine years of its production run, no less than 28 official variants were built by Consolidated as well as other manufacturers, with various refinements such as higher power engines, the addition of observation blisters, redesigned tail section and turrets... and amphibious capabilities with the addition of a retractable landing gear. After the war, even more official and non-official modifications were designed by the various PBY operators, the most noteworthy being the invention of scoops that allowed them to use the aircraft as an efficient water bomber. This article will focus on an area that underwent many changes, sometimes subtle, often difficult to track: the PBY s bow.
3 The early years & world war II The bow on the XPBY-1 prototype bow housed a turret equipped with a.30 caliber machine gun and the bombsights window. This configuration was virtually unchanged when the aircraft went into production and it became the de facto standard bow for the PBY line from the PBY-1 to the PBY-5 and -5A. the XPBY-1 turret It saw a major evolution following the Naval Aircraft Factory s work on the PBN-1 Nomad, a heavily redesigned PBY-5. The Nomad series (see next page) was a pure flying-boat, and featured a completely new bow with a more streamlined profile and a collapsible turret. a PBY-5 in flight The Nomad paved the way for the -6A, and its so-called eyeball turret. Some PBY-5As were also upgraded to the new turrets. the turret on a PBY-6A
4 close-up on the pbn-1 nomad The Naval Aircraft Factory made significant modifications to the PBY design, many of which would have significantly interrupted deliveries had they been incorporated on the Consolidated production lines. The new aircraft, officially known as the PBN-1 Nomad, had several differences from the basic PBY. The most obvious upgrades were to the bow, which was sharpened and extended by two feet, and to the tail, which was enlarged and featured a new shape. Other improvements included larger fuel tanks and stronger wings. An auxiliary power unit was installed, along with an improved electrical system, and the weapons were upgraded with continuous-feed mechanisms. 138 of the 156 PBN-1s produced served with the Soviet Navy. The remaining 18 were assigned to training units. Later, improvements found in the PBN such as the larger tail were incorporated into the amphibious PBY-6A. Sources: Bridgeman 1946, p Naval Aircraft Factory PBN-1 Nomad. Aviation Enthusiast Corner. (via Wikipedia)
5 Even though the great majority of them were built with the standard turret in place, there were several units built with a factory installed turretless bow, destined for executive transport. The Double Sunrise Catalinas flew the longest commercial flights (in terms of time aloft) ever made in aviation history. Operated by Qantas, they flew weekly from June 1943 through July 1945, offering non-stop service between Perth and Colombo, a distance of 3,592 nm (5,652 km). Although unarmed and stripped of all non-essential equipment, the planes kept their bow turret. A notable example of a purely civilian pre-war PBY is NC18997, a PBY-4 delivered to American Export Airlines in 1938.
6
7 The Soviet GST, based on the PBY-5, also had their share of modifications. The GST turret had a slightly more rounded design (top right). Other models had an open hatch and windscreen instead of the turret. (below) The Nomad-based Каталина КМ-2 (right) had a more standard faired-over bow. (Note as well the distinctive four-bladed props of the Soviet models.) Previous page: the evolution of U.S. military bows.
8 POST-WAR MILITARY mods Some U.S. Search & Rescue models also came with a slight modification, a wedge-shaped cover added over the bombsight window. The purpose of this cover is unclear, but given the S&R role of the modified aircraft, it could be an attempt to deflect water spray away from the windshield when taxiing on the water looking for the person to be rescued.
9 Search & Rescue PBYs in the Royal Canadian Air Force were sometimes equipped with an observation bubble added to the fairing, using the original turret ring (top). On the right, a good view of the nose of N427CV.
10 OFF DUTY: CIVILIAN CATS The Chartreuse Goose. As shown here, Landseaire models could carry two dinghies under the wings. The versatility of the PBY amphibians couldn t stay unnoticed for long. As hundreds of planes were demilitarized and sold to corporations, airlines and other non-governmental agencies, a few wealthy individuals were quick to spot the Catalina s potential as a luxurious, long-range flying yacht. Thus was born the most glamorous version of the Catalina: the Landseaire.
11 The Landseaire bow (top) was a complete redesign to enhance both the performance in flight and the efficiency of water operations. The elegant look, reminiscent of the old Pan Am clippers, gave it the nickname Clipper bow. Strictly speaking, the Landseaire denomination was only given to a few models as the specifications went far beyond the bow redesign, but the Clipper style was copied on several others with varying degrees of success (left). Top: C-FCRR (now N9767) Left: G-PBYA (top) and N423RS (bottom)
12 On EC-EVK (right, now VH-EAX), the original turret was removed but the turret ring was kept, with the whole nose covered under an epoxy cover that was then screwed in place. Several PBYs operating as water bombers were modified with this bow assembly. For some reason, they all appear to be PBY-6As. N85U (Note the signature cowlings of the Wright Cyclone conversion, marking it as a Super Cat.) N9825Z in As of 2012, the epoxy bow seems to have been removed to restore its original look.
13 close-up: INSIDE EC-EVK These four photos show the inside of EC-EVK. The turret ring is clearly visible, as are the screw holding the nose assembly in place. The -6A s triangular bombsight is also painted over. Although it preserves the turret ring, the epoxy bow does not have a hatch, therefore forcing the crew to exit through the cockpit roof for water operations (mooring, etc.)
14 The workhorses used in mining survey flights, cargo ops and other kinds of bush flying in the far out places of the world did not need the refined looks of their French Riviera cousins, and were simply adapted for their new duties, sometimes rather crudely. CF-IEE, seen here on the right, had a simple cover placed over the turret to close it once the guns were removed. Others like N5591V (left) sported the same modification but with a transparent cover serving as a window. The ill-fated PBY-6A N101CS, flown by Philippe Cousteau, had a unique look, with its peculiar fairing over the nose.
15 a COMMON line For most of the PBYs sent to civilian life, a faired-over nose leaving the lower part of the hull untouched, with the bombsight obscured or painted, became a de facto standard. The resulting silhouette became the signature look of the Catalina. (above: Super Cat N287) Below: Can you tell the difference between a PBY-5A (left), and a -6A (right)? When looking at the nose, the clue is usually the distinct triangular bombsight on the latter.
16 FAMILY REUNION The PBY Catalina throughout the ages: a recap of styles and choices... and a few odd cats! Three mods in one shot! A fantastic side-by-side showing closed-off turret (left), epoxy cover (center) and Clipper bow (right)
17 A rare sight: a passenger-carrying PBY-4 featuring a clipper bow Despite being painted in U.S. Navy colors, N31235 (right) has retained its oddly-tipped Clipper-inspired civilian bow. The recently scrapped YV-584CP (left) seemed to have featured a strange, abruptly cut-off bow, although it could be that she was gradually dismantled during her last years in the scrapyard.
18 Not all PBYs had a round hatch. Above, see two examples of alternative doors. Written & edited by Raphael Relat (rrelat@freylia.net) for and with the help of the PBY Yahoo! Group Many thanks go to everyone who contributed insights, remarks, and pictures to this article.
19 freylia studios distributed under Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
UNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman
UNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman Air Force OA = Amphibian (1923-1962) On 11 June 1948 the OA designation was changed into A and the series was continued. Last update: 1 February 2015 OA-1
More informationTest of. Boeing MH-47G Chinook. Produced by Area-51 Simulations
Test of Boeing MH-47G Chinook Produced by Area-51 Simulations The Boeing MH-47G is a part of the Boeing CH-47 family which is a twin engine, tandem rotor, heavylift helicopter originally built by Boeing
More information(Review X-Model and V-Model)
Overview (Review X-Model and V-Model) The O3U Corsair was the first new aircraft produced at the East Hartford plant, and the first complete aircraft to be tested full-scale in a wind tunnel at Langley
More informationLightning. Copyright : The Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum, 2012 Page 1
Lightning With the final stages of the Second World War came the first jet fighters; the British Gloster Meteor and the German Messerschmitt 262. Subsequent development was rapid; German research during
More informationBell 206B OH-58A Kiowa & JetRanger
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN AVIATION MUSEUM SIGNIFICANT AVIATOR, AIRCRAFT & AVIATION EVENTS PROFILES Bell 206B OH-58A Kiowa & JetRanger Toward the latter half of 1960 it was broadcast to numbers of aircraft manufacturers
More information/72 PBM-5 Mariner USN
Includes New Tooling! 11684 1/72 PBM-5 Mariner USN The PBM was designed in the late 1930 s and first deployed in the early 1940 s as a sea-based U.S. Navy patrol bomber and transport. The Mariner was also
More informationBuilding a Mick Reeves 1/4.5 scale Hurricane. Instalment 1
Building a Mick Reeves 1/4.5 scale Hurricane. Instalment 1 Research, Planning and Purchasing A couple of years ago I made a 1/5 scale Vailly Hurricane but I have never been that happy with it due to the
More informationGrumman Avenger TBM-3W Warner Conversion Trumpeter TBM-3 (kitno.02234) in 1/32 scale
Grumman Avenger TBM-3W Warner Conversion Trumpeter TBM-3 (kitno.02234) in 1/32 scale BRIEF HISTORY One of the famous Grumman Avenger versions was the TBM-3W Warner. In the Second World War it was realised
More informationFAIRCHILD C-82 PACKET
FAIRCHILD C-82 PACKET C-82 SERVICE Manufacturer: The Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corp., Aircraft Division, Hagerstown, Maryland, USA Models: 78, 104 Designation: C-82 Names: Packet (official), Flying
More informationATC/CCF First Class Cadets. First Class Cadet Activity
First Class Cadet Activity 1 Milestones of Flight ENTRANCE AND FIRST FLOOR RAF History Which two flying forces joined to form the Royal Air Force in 1918? Why was the Union Jack not used as an identification
More informationMartin Aircraft Specifications 1998 The Glenn L. Martin Aviation Museum
Customer Model Type Martin Model No. Martin Serial No. Customer Serial No. 998 The Glenn L. Martin Aviation Museum Type/Customer B-6 Marauder Types Delivery Date Contract Number First Flight Total Built
More informationRoyal Air Force Museum Aircraft Check List
Royal Air Force Museum Aircraft Check List This checklist has been designed to help you make the most of your visit to the Museum. Try to find the following aircraft in each of our Hangars. Tick each box
More informationReducing Landing Distance
Reducing Landing Distance I've been wondering about thrust reversers, how many kinds are there and which are the most effective? I am having a debate as to whether airplane engines reverse, or does something
More informationUNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman
Last update: 1 Feberuary 2015 UNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman Navy S S = Schweizer (1941) LNS Schweizer 2-8 span: 52', 15.85 m length: 23'3", 7.09 m max. speed: 72 mph, 116 km/h (Source:
More informationJet Provost Design & Development. First Came The Piston Provost:
Jet Provost Design & Development First Came The Piston Provost: The Predecessor of the Jet Provost was the Percival P.56 Provost which was a British ab-initio trainer developed for the Royal Air Force
More informationBERLIN EXPRESS 2 0 F E B R U A R Y
BERLIN 20 FEBRUARY 2016 EXPRESS by Budd Davisson JIM RAEDER www.warbirds-eaa.org 21 The exhaust stacks show the detail evident throughout the airframe. It is doubtful if any new P-51B/C straight out of
More informationHU-16 Albatross USER MANUAL. Virtavia HU-16 Albatross DTG Steam Edition Manual Version 1.0
HU-16 Albatross USER MANUAL 0 Introduction The Grumman HU-16 Albatross is a twin-engine amphibious flying boat. First flown in 1949, the HU-16 underwent a number of modifications and improvements over
More informationTest of. Bell UH-1Y Venom. Produced by Area-51 Simulations
Test of Bell UH-1Y Venom Produced by Area-51 Simulations The Bell UH-1Y Venom is a twin-engine, medium size utility helicopter featuring a four bladed rotor, upgraded avionic and a glass cockpit from its
More informationThis manual covers all color schemes Although it only shows one color scheme, the aircraft are the same This manual is for reference to the actual
This manual covers all color schemes Although it only shows one color scheme, the aircraft are the same This manual is for reference to the actual product at the time it was written. We can't speak for
More informationMonocoupe 90 AF BY LESLIE M. ADAMS
Monocoupe 90 AF BY LESLIE M. ADAMS Tired of contest models? Get away from it all with this swell flying scale version of the latest Monocoupe. Its appearance will satisfy even most exacting scale fiend.
More informationAIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE CHART
Bloch MB.152C.1 A/C Type: Short range day fighter Engine(s): One Rhone-Gnome 14N-25 radial Eng. Pwr: 1050 hp, air-cooled, Non-F.I. Country: France Service Entry Date: February, 1939 319 mph at 13,100 ft
More informationImproving Maintenance Safety Through Collaboration
Improving Maintenance Safety Through Collaboration IATA World Maintenance Symposium 23 September 2015 Presented by Christopher A. Hart, Chairman U.S. National Transportation Safety Board 1 Outline NTSB
More informationBelcher Bits Decal BD30: RCAF / CAF CC-130 Hercules 1/48
Belcher Bits Decal BD30: R / CC-130 Hercules 1/48 In 1960, the R took delivery of the first of 4 C-130Bs (s/n 10301-4) to move CF-104s from the factory to Europe. Starting in 1964, the first of 24 C-130Es
More informationAcademy s F-86F vs Tamiya s MiG-15
Academy s F-86F vs Tamiya s MiG-15 By Dick Smith The North American Aviation F-86 Sabres and the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 s that dueled in the skies over North Korea in the early 1950s were considered almost
More information(R)F-84E Thunderjet Royal Norwegian Air Force
Nils Mathisrud MODELLING COMPENDIUM Republic (R)F-84E Thunderjet Royal Norwegian Air Force Rev. 3 - July 2015 (R)F-84E Thunderjet History In 1951, the Royal Norwegian Air Force started receiving the F-84
More informationTenders, Some Background
Tenders, Some Background Railway enthusiasts have generally seen tenders as an integral part of the locomotive to which they are attached. This was the case with early railway companies tenders and continued
More informationThe Merit 1:48 scale Late War 80 ft. Elco PT Boat -By- T. Garth Connelly
The Merit 1:48 scale Late War 80 ft. Elco PT Boat -By- T. Garth Connelly Earlier this year, I heard that a company, Merit International, was going to be releasing two 1:48 scale kits of the eighty-foot
More informationImage 1. Wirbelwind based on Pz IV chassis.
During the later years of World War II, the German air force had lost control of the air. This was particularly true on the western front. British and American planes roamed almost at will seeking ground
More informationTest of. Lockheed U-2S Dragon Lady. Produced by Area-51 Simulations
Test of Lockheed U-2S Dragon Lady Produced by Area-51 Simulations The U-2 spy plane is a single engine, very high altitude reconnaissance aircraft developed by Lockheed and operated by the United States
More informationSingle Engine HEMS An Operator s Perspective. Presented by Capt Iefan Blake Senior Helicopter Pilot Air Mercy Service
Single Engine HEMS An Operator s Perspective Presented by Capt Iefan Blake Senior Helicopter Pilot Air Mercy Service AMS EXPERIENCE Important, this presentation reflects AMS s experience. It relates directly
More informationSantos-Dumont 15-bis. North American Valkyrie - NASA. The History of Canards
Santos-Dumont 15-bis North American Valkyrie - NASA The History of Canards The term canard is French for duck. It was first used in an aeronautical sense in 1906 to describe the appearance of the Santos-Dumont
More informationStagger Around #3: AGM-129 Advanced Cruise Missile, Abridged Edition
Stagger Around #3: AGM-129 Advanced Cruise Missile, Abridged Edition 1 Stagger Around #3 is published by Scott Lowther, 11305 W 10400 N, Thatcher, UT 84337. Contents 2012 Scott Lowther, all rights reserved
More informationName: Scout Troop: Patrol:
Name: Scout Troop: Patrol: To gain this badge, you must: 1. Know the rules relating to access to airfields in Policy, Organisation and Rules 2. Carry out research into the development of a specific aircraft
More informationANZSASI 2000 CHRISTCHURCH ENGINEERING ANALYSIS. Vlas Otevrel
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS Vlas Otevrel 1 Garrett TPE 331 engine turbine failure The engine was fitted to a Metro II aircraft engaged in a freight run. Just after the top of descent, some 20 nm from destination,
More informationEarly Anti-Aircraft Weapons
BAR in anti-aircraft arrangement. Note the extended 40- round magazine and special anti-aircraft sights. by James L. Ballou Visionaries such as Billy Mitchell and Jimmy Doolittle saw the potential of the
More informationRESTRICTED AN 01 -SEC - 2 PILOT'S FLIGHT OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR ARMY MODELS. B-24D and J
RESTRICTED AN 01 -SEC - 2 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY PILOT'S FLIGHT OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR ARMY MODELS B-24D and J This publication shall not be carried in aircraft on combat missions or when there is a
More informationUNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman
Last update: 1 August 2015 UNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman Navy V V = Lockheed (Vega) (1942-1962) FV Lockheed 81 Salmon span: 28', 8.53 m length: 31', 9.45 m engines: 1 Allison XT40-A-6 max.
More informationJULY/AUGUST. July/August Dakota Territory Air Museum s P-47 Update
JULY/AUGUST Dakota Territory Air Museum s P-47 Update by Chuck Cravens The rectangular notch in the skin on the fuselage side in this image is the hole for the exit door that controls the intercooler cooling
More informationCurtiss NC-4 Design, Construction, and Testing Reports
Curtiss NC-4 Design, Construction, and Testing Reports Hank Brown 1999 National Air and Space Museum Archives 14390 Air & Space Museum Parkway Chantilly, VA 20151 NASMRefDesk@si.edu http://airandspace.si.edu/research/resources/archives/
More informationS-65 S-65. Oct (203) I I (203) Newsletter The Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives Inc. All rights reserved.
S-65 S-65 S-65 (H-53) The heavy lift helicopter was launched in 1962 with the U.S. Marines CH-53A for combat assault missions. The U.S. Navy RH-53 minesweeping and U.S. Air force HH-53 combat air rescue
More informationNORTHWEST HELICOPTERS. UH-1H & UH-1HPlus
NORTHWEST HELICOPTERS PROVIDING ALL YOUR NEEDS FOR UH-1H & UH-1HPlus RESTRICTED CATEGORY Fire Fighting External Load Construction Agricultural LAW ENFORCEMENT Refurbished to your specifications. MILITARY
More informationIntroduction: Problem statement
Introduction: Problem statement The goal of this project is to develop a catapult system that can be used to throw a squash ball the farthest distance and to be able to have some degree of accuracy with
More informationHARLEY DAVIDSON 1942 WLC 750CC 2 CYL SV 2712A
HARLEY DAVIDSON 1942 WLC 750CC 2 CYL SV 2712A SOLD Harley Davidson 1942 WLC 750cc 2 cyl sv Frame number 4409 Harley-Davidson s first flathead V-twin appeared in 1929 as the Model D. Its 45-cubic-inch engine
More informationModel builder s Eye Boeing 787
Model builder s Eye Boeing 787 Hiroshi Igami Forward Hello and welcome to this book. I have been making Microsoft Flight simulator models for a very long time. If you have been flying in MS Flight simulator
More informationFokker F.27 Mk.200 Friendship Welsh Models 1 vacuum/resin kit. Monoplane passenger
Fokker F.27 Mk.200 Friendship Welsh Models 1 vacuum/resin kit The F.27 Friendship was the first post-war Fokker passenger plane that went in production, and was the largest commercial success of the company.
More informationLockheed Company was delivering navy patrol and training Hudson Mk.I (Lockheed model 214) to Great Britain since
Production MPM Production Ltd., Mezilesí 718, 193 00, Praha 9, Czech Republic tel.:+420 281923 910, fax:+420 281 923 892, e-mail: export@mpm.cz official website and e-shop: www. cmkkits.com Newsletter
More informationIntroducing the OMAX Generation 4 cutting model
Introducing the OMAX Generation 4 cutting model 8/11/2014 It is strongly recommend that OMAX machine owners and operators read this document in its entirety in order to fully understand and best take advantage
More informationU.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History By Norman Friedman
U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History By Norman Friedman If looking for a ebook by Norman Friedman U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History in pdf form, in that
More informationSince the late 1990s, Moscow has conducted a slow but systematic restoration of its fleet of long-range Bears and Blackjacks.
New Dawn for Russia Since the late 1990s, Moscow has conducted a slow but systematic restoration of its fleet of long-range Bears and Blackjacks. Photography by Aleksey Mikheyev Above, the crew of a Tu-160
More informationRoyal Air Force Museum Aircraft Check List
Royal Air Force Museum Aircraft Check List This checklist has been designed to help you make the most of your visit to the Museum. Try to find the following aircraft in each of the halls. You can tick
More informationGRWW1 5b Zeppelin airships
GRWW1 5b Zeppelin airships Airships were the first aircraft capable of controlled powered flight. Prior to WW1 Germany had become a world leader in the construction and operation of rigid lighter-than-air
More informationHARLEY DAVIDSON 1940 WLA 750 CC 2 CYL SV
HARLEY DAVIDSON 1940 WLA 750 CC 2 CYL SV SOLD Harley Davidson 1940 WLA, 45 cubic-inch, 750cc. Big and brawny, loud and proud, Harley-Davidson is America on two wheels. Harley-Davidson s first flathead
More informationMitsubishi A7M2 Reppu
Mitsubishi A7M2 Reppu A/C Type: Carrier-borne fighter Engine(s): One Mitsubishi MK9A 18-cyl radial Eng. Pwr: 2070-hp, air-cooled A/C Crew: Pilot Country: Japan Service Entry Date: August 45 Maximum Speed:
More informationThe photos are of a prototype I think - and maybe of a Ford turbine powered boat - anyway they were black and white press release photos, not for
The photos are of a prototype I think - and maybe of a Ford turbine powered boat - anyway they were black and white press release photos, not for brochures. Here is another of the same boat with the accompanying
More informationcutting down weight as much as possible and using available off-the-shelf light weight materials and RC equipment.
History One day in early 1985 I saw a large gas model helicopter fly at a nearby RC flying field and I became instantly hooked and fascinated with RC model helicopters. That day's field experience and
More informationUNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman
Last update: 1 January 2016 UNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman Navy J J = Berliner Joyce (1929-1935) FJ Berliner Joyce span: 28'6", 8.69 m length: 20'7", 6.27 m engines: 1 Pratt & Whitney R-1340-C
More informationAmerican Bomber Aircraft Development In World War 2 By William Norton READ ONLINE
American Bomber Aircraft Development In World War 2 By William Norton READ ONLINE The aircraft of World War II were of critical importance in the evolution of Union all developed jet aircraft in the hopes
More informationThis model also consists of four plastic sprues, injected clear canopy, detailed resin parts with excellent Fiat A.74
SH32056 Fiat G.50bis Freccia Regia Aeronautica 1/32 Main user of Fiat G.50 was Regia Aeronautica, the Italian Royal Air Force, that put the Fiat fighters into service yet before the outbreak of the war.
More informationUNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman
UNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman Air Force PQ = Aerial Target/Manned (1942-1947) Between 1940 and June 1941, the A = Aerial Target designation was used for radio-controlled aircraft. As these
More informationMrRCSound Sound Generator. Version 4.1 for RC Aircraft/Cars/Trucks
MrRCSound Sound Generator Version 4.1 for RC Aircraft/Cars/Trucks Thank You! Thank you for purchasing the MrRCSound electric aircraft sound module, or other product. I know there are options out there,
More informationBefore you build that scale model a few things to consider
Before you build that scale model a few things to consider Fred Cronenwett, clscale@rocketmail.com It is easy to say to want to build a scale model but there are a few steps that have to happen first before
More informationAirmaster AP332 Propeller Upgrade from the Warp Drive to the Whirlwind Blades for Your Europa By Bud Yerly and Jim Butcher
Airmaster AP332 Propeller Upgrade from the Warp Drive to the Whirlwind Blades for Your Europa By Bud Yerly and Jim Butcher For years the Europa community has satisfactorily flown with the Airmaster using
More informationRigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat (RIB) use by Canadian Frigates in 2008
Defence Research and Development Canada Recherche et développement pour la défense Canada 2014-02-25 DRDC-RDDC-2014-L21 Produced for: Capt(N) S. Carter, Director Naval Requirements Scientific Letter Rigid-Hulled
More informationSEA KING RETIREMENT. SEA KING A CELEBRATION Dear Potential Sponsor,
SEA KING RETIREMENT A CELEBRATION 1963-2018 1963-2018 SEA KING Dear Potential Sponsor, After a long and distinguished 55-year career in service to Canada, the Sea King helicopter will retire at the end
More informationRoR Step-by-Step Review * B-17G Flying Fortress 1-72 Revell Kit Review
RoR Step-by-Step Review 20120327* B-17G Flying Fortress 1-72 Revell 85-5861Kit Review The Revell Pro Modeler Series has created a very well detailed 1/72 version of the Boeing B-17G Bomber. The kit covers
More informationW-3A Sokół DURABLE AND DEPENDABLE
W-3A Sokół DURABLE AND DEPENDABLE OPERATING IN ALL CONDITIONS Highly effective, rugged and reliable, the W-3A Sokół is the intermediate helicopter of choice for multiple utility applications: Exceptional
More informationUNCLASSIFIED: DIST A. APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE. ARMY GREATEST INVENTIONS CY 2009 PROGRAM MRAP Overhead Wire Mitigation (OWM) Kit
ARMY GREATEST INVENTIONS CY 2009 PROGRAM MRAP Overhead Wire Mitigation (OWM) Kit Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated
More informationAzimut 62S (GRP) Price: EUR 495,000. Number:
Azimut 62S Make: Model: Length: Azimut 62S 19.25 m Price: EUR 495,000 Year: 2008 Condition: Used Location: Bodrum, Turkey Hull Material: Draft: Number of Engines: 2 Fuel Type: Beam: Fibreglass (GRP) 1.52
More informationBuild the Handley-Page Bomber
Build the Handley-Page Bomber TRAIL BLAZERS OF THE AIR - NO. 11 FIRST "FLYING FORTRESS" WHILE YOU'RE THINKING OF THE NEW YB-15'S AND THE YB-17'S AND WHAT THEY CAN DELIVER, HERE'S A WORLD WAR SHIP THAT
More informationThis manual is for all versions of the F9F Panther This Manual uses one color scheme as an example
This manual is for all versions of the This Manual uses one color scheme as an example Thank you for purchasing the. This model is designed for the intermediate to advanced flyer. The model is receiver-ready
More informationThe Wicked Wabbit. By Norris Graser This kit has been reviewed several times on our web site so I won t dwell on the kit so much as the subject.
The Wicked Wabbit 1/48 th scale The Tamiya P-47D Razorback By Norris Graser This kit has been reviewed several times on our web site so I won t dwell on the kit so much as the subject. This is the easiest
More informationAMERICAN STOVE APPLICATION ARTICLE: DRAFT (Rev. 3: 2/27/08) Precision Dispensing of Epoxy for Engraved Parts
FISHMAN CORPORATION AMERICAN STOVE APPLICATION ARTICLE: DRAFT (Rev. 3: 2/27/08) Title: Precision Dispensing of Epoxy for Engraved Parts Author: Scott Beebe, President of Fishman Corporation The need to
More informationTest of. Bell AH-1S Cobra. Produced by Area-51 Simulations
Test of Bell AH-1S Cobra Produced by Area-51 Simulations The Bell AH-1 Cobra is a two bladed, single engine, two crew attack helicopter produced by Bell Helicopters since the mid 1960s. The Cobra shares
More informationC-131 SAMARITAN CONSTRUCTION. A military transport based on the classic civilian twin-engine Convair CV-240 BY ANDY ANDERSON PHOTOS BY ANDY ANDERSON
CONSTRUCTION BY ANDY ANDERSON PHOTOS BY ANDY ANDERSON C-131 SAMARITAN A military transport based on the classic civilian twin-engine Convair CV-240 DESIGNED AS A REPLACEMENT for the Douglas DC-3, the CV-240
More information70MM YAK-130 STABLE SMOOTH FLYING PERFORMANCE FMSMODEL.COM
70MM YAK-130 REALISTIC RETRACT & FLAPS INSTALLED RIGID STRONG DURABLE EPO STABLE SMOOTH FLYING PERFORMANCE FMSMODEL.COM Table of Contents Introductions 3 Contents of Kit 4 Assemble the plane 5 Battery
More informationBinocular - revolver 8 & 12, 5 x 50;
Binocular - revolver 8 & 12, 5 x 50; 1927-1930 I. Introduction The binocular was built app.; in 1927-1930 by Company V-A. Ltd. It is a revolver model with two oculars and different magnifications of the
More informationShort Flying Boats for FS2004 freeware aircraft by Jens B. Kristensen, v.1.1, Oct. 2005
Short Flying Boats for FS2004 freeware aircraft by Jens B. Kristensen, v.1.1, Oct. 2005 by Claudio Cloudy Di Veroli, published in PC FLIGHT, The Official magazine of the PC Pilots Ireland, Dec. 2005, pp.
More informationThe Z- Plan Kriegsmarine Part 2 Leviathans of the 3rd Reich. Battleships
The Z- Plan Kriegsmarine Part 2 Leviathans of the 3rd Reich by Agis Neugebauer (with some serious help of Rich L. Bax and the rest of the "Salty Seadog" VaS playtest group) Big thanks again to Michael
More informationBob's Card Models and [Resources]
Bob's Card Models www.bobscardmodels.altervista.org and www.zealot.com [Resources] 1 Fairchild C-119G 'Flying Boxcar" (1:72) Decals: US Air Force The Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (Navy designation R4Q)
More informationVINTAGE CITROЁNS IN SOUTH AFRICA
VINTAGE CITROЁNS IN SOUTH AFRICA As far as the Citroën Car Club knows, there are only nine vintage Citroëns (1930 and earlier) in South Africa, although one can never be sure what might be hidden in garages
More informationSeptember 1st, 1939, this is the day the Second World War began. We have decided to commemorate this sad anniversary
Newsletter MPM Production Ltd., Mezilesí 718, 193 00, Praha 9, Czech Republic tel.:+420 281923 910, fax:+420 281 923 892, e-mail: export@mpm.cz official website and e-shop: www. cmkkits.com 09/2013 September
More informationTHOR Database. Symbology Quick Reference Guide World War II Edition
Database Symbology Quick Reference Guide World War II Edition Version 1.0 July 2013 s Represented in the Database World War 1 World War 2 Korea Vietnam France US Army s US Navy US US US Navy US Marine
More informationUser Guide. Vought F2G "Super" Corsair. ... print your plane www. 3DPrintedKits.com. Scale ~ 1:6.6 Wingspan 1.9m/75in
User Guide F2G parts and build amendment to the F4U Userguide rev. 2018/05 F2G Mod 1.1 Vought F2G "Super" Corsair Scale ~ 1:6.6 Wingspan 1.9m/75in page 1 Vought F2G Super Corsair History From Wikipedia,
More informationAIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE CHART
Amiot Am.143M A/C Type: Long-Range Recon Bomber Engine(s): 2x G-R 14 Kirs/jrs Mistral Major Eng. Pwr: 1740-1800 hp, air-cooled A/C Crew: Pilot, Bombadier/Navigator, RadioOp/Gunner, 2 Gunners Maximum Speed:
More informationAirframes Instructor Training Manual. Chapter 6 UNDERCARRIAGE
Learning Objectives Airframes Instructor Training Manual Chapter 6 UNDERCARRIAGE 1. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss in more detail the last of the Four Major Components the Undercarriage (or
More informationTest of. Cessna CT-182T Turbo Skylane HD-series Produced by Carenado
Test of Cessna CT-182T Turbo Skylane HD-series Produced by Carenado The Cessna 182 is a single engine, high winged, four seated, all metal aircraft built by Cessna Aircraft Company since 1956. The name
More information1957 BENTLEY SI CONTINENTAL PARK WARD LHD BE-BOP
1957 BENTLEY SI CONTINENTAL PARK WARD LHD BE-BOP Year: 1957 Body Style: Drophead Configuration: LHD Engine: 4887 cc Price: SOLD Introduced in1955 the Bentley S was the first completely redesigned production
More informationIn September of 1944 the USAAF's first Helicopter Training School was established at Freeman Field, Seymour, Indiana
Helicopter Training In September of 1944 the USAAF's first Helicopter Training School was established at Freeman Field, Seymour, Indiana The helicopters used were Sikorsky R-4Bs and they were flown direct
More informationPOTEZ COMBAT MONOPLANE
Modern Planes Album POTEZ COMBAT MONOPLANE THIS is.an out-and-out flying battleship. It's listed as the Potez twin-engined, multi-seat fighter in the French books. The Potez 54, as it is known to the firm,
More informationUNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman
Last update: 1 February 2015 UNITED STATES MILITARY AIRCRAFT by Jos Heyman Navy E E = Bellanca (1931-1937) JE Bellanca 31-42 Senior Skyrocket span: 50'6", 15.39 m length: 28'6", 8.69 m engines: 1 Pratt
More informationAVIATION INVESTIGATION REPORT A01Q0009 LOSS OF CONTROL ON TAKE-OFF
AVIATION INVESTIGATION REPORT A01Q0009 LOSS OF CONTROL ON TAKE-OFF PA-28-140 C-FXAY MASCOUCHE, QUEBEC 13 JANUARY 2001 The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) investigated this occurrence for the
More informationHow the V-22 Osprey Works
How the V-22 Osprey Works It has long been a dream of aircraft designers to create an airplane that not only can fly long ranges at high speeds and carry heavy cargo, but can also take off, hover and land
More informationBob's Card Model and [Resources]
Bob's Card Model www.bobscardmodels.altervista.org and www.zealot.com [Resources] Conair C S 2F (Tracker) water-bomber(1:144) Securité Civile's converted Tracker, used for patrol duty, but also for water-bombing
More informationElectricity and the World Wars
Electricity and the World Wars World War I is frequently referred to as "the first modern war. For the first time, troops had electricity to provide artificial light so battle could take place at night
More informationDescriptive Finding Guide for Grumman F3F Prepared by: Joshua Halican, Axel Rinder June 5, 2014
Descriptive Finding Guide for Grumman F3F-2 1936-1941 Prepared by: Joshua Halican, Axel Rinder June 5, 2014 1 Cataloging Information ACC#: L.C. MS.#: Location: Archives Restrictions: None URL: http://www.sandiegoairandspace.org/collections/collection_item.php?id=135
More informationFLASHCARDS AIRCRAFT. Courtesy of the Air Safety Institute, a Division of the AOPA Foundation, and made possible by AOPA Services Corporation.
AIRCRAFT FLASHCARDS Courtesy of the Air Safety Institute, a Division of the AOPA Foundation, and made possible by AOPA Services Corporation. Knowing your aircraft well is essential to safe flying. These
More informationCONTENTS HISTORY 3 SPECIFICATION 4 CONTROLS 5 PLUGIN FEATURES 6 LIVERIES 7 SPECIAL THANKS 8-2
CONTENTS HISTORY 3 SPECIFICATION 4 CONTROLS 5 PLUGIN FEATURES 6 LIVERIES 7 SPECIAL THANKS 8-2 HISTORY The Sh-1 remained a prototype, being developed into the slightly larger and refined Sh-2, whose first
More information11/2013 November newsletter brings you not only new releases info. Eventually, we are starting to distribute the kits that were
Newsletter MPM Production Ltd., Mezilesí 718, 193 00, Praha 9, Czech Republic tel.:+420 281923 910, fax:+420 281 923 892, e-mail: export@mpm.cz official website and e-shop: www. cmkkits.com 11/2013 November
More informationEuropean Aviation Safety Agency
TCDS EASA.IM.A.162 Page 1/9 European Aviation Safety Agency EASA TYPE-CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET Tupolev TU 204-120CE Manufacturer: Tupolev PSC 17, Tupolev Embankment 111250 Moscow Russia For model: TU 204-120CE
More informationThe Canadian Army At War (Men At Arms Series, 164) By Mike Chappell
The Canadian Army At War (Men At Arms Series, 164) By Mike Chappell If searched for the ebook by Mike Chappell The Canadian Army at War (Men at Arms Series, 164) in pdf form, then you have come on to loyal
More information