Internal Combustion Engine

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Internal Combustion Engine"

Transcription

1 Internal Combustion Engine

2

3 The development of the internal combustion engine was made possible by the earlier development of the STEAM ENGINE. Both types of engines burn fuel, releasing energy from it in the form of heat which is then used to do useful work. The steam engine, however, is an external combustion engine, because the fuel is burned in a separate part of the engine from the cylinder containing the piston. Anything combustible can be used as a fuel in the steam engine, such as wood, coal or petroleum products, and the liberated energy is used to heat a fluid, usually water. The hot water vapour expands in a confined place (the cylinder) to push the piston. In the internal combustion engine, the burning of the fuel takes place in the combustion chamber (the top of the cylinder). The combustion is very sudden, amounting to an explosion which pushes the piston. Introduction

4 History During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the steam engine was made more efficient, advancements were made in engineering and metallurgy which made possible the first successful internal combustion engines. The operation of steam engines was not fully understood at first; the French physicist Sadi CARNOT published in 1824 his theories which led to the science of heat exchange (THERMODYNAMICS). Fifty years before that James WATT had already begun to develop packings and piston rings to prevent the escape of energy past the piston in his steam engines. By 1800, the British engineer Henry Maudslay was making improvements to the lathe which led to machinery capable of producing precision-made parts for engines. In the 1850s more volatile fuels were being refined from petroleum. In 1860 J J E Lenoir, a French engineer, built a successful engine which was essentially a modified steam engine, using illuminating gas as the fuel. In 1867 the firm of Otto and Langen began producing an engine which transmitted the power of a freely moving piston to a shaft and a heavy flywheel by means of a rack-and-gear device, using a FREEWHEELING clutch in the gear, so that it

5 History Meanwhile, in 1865 Alphonse Beau de Rochas had published in Paris his theory of a four-stroke engine of the type used in the modern car. While de Rochas never built any engines, his theory included compression of the fuel mixture in order to raise its temperature, and he also realized that a four-stroke design would be more efficient at scavenging (intake of fuel mixture and exhaust of burned gases) than the two-stroke. A two-stroke engine provides for intake of fuel, combustion and exhaust of burned gases with each back-and-forth motion of the piston (that is, with each revolution of the crankshaft). A four-stroke engine requires four strokes, that is, two complete back-and-forth movements of the piston (two revolutions of the crankshaft). The twostroke engine delivers twice as many power impulses as the four-stroke engine to the cranks haft, but the four-stroke is much more efficient at scavenging, if all other things are equal. The two-stroke design is also wasteful because unburned fuel is exhausted with the burned gases. In 1876, Otto and Langen began building the Otto silent engine (it was a good deal quieter than their earlier model). It was the first modern internal combustion engine, a four-stroke design which compressed the fuel mixture before combustion. After 1878, it was also manufactured in the United States, where it was an inspiration to Henry FORD in his early research.

6 PARTS Cutaway view of a typical four cylinder smallcar engine with conventional pushrodoperated overhead valves. Parts

7

8 Four-Stroke The four-stroke cycle operates as follows: on the first downstroke of the piston, the intake valve opens and the fuel mixture is pulled into the combustion chamber. On the following upstroke, all valves are closed and the fuel mixture is compressed. At the beginning of the second downstroke, combustion takes place; the fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from the SPARK PLUG and the expanding gases drive the piston downwards. On the second upstroke, the exhaust valve opens and the burned gases are expelled. Thus the four parts of the cycle are intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. The fuel mixture is a mixture of fuel and air in the form of a vapour which is prepared by the carburettor. The fuel is usually petrol [gasoline], but internal combustion engines of various types can be designed to run on anything from paraffin [kerosene] to high-test aviation fuel. TI e carburettor must be adjusted properly; if the mixture is too lean (does not contain enough fuel), the engine will not run properly; if it is too rich, the result will be carbon deposits fouling the spark plugs, the valves and the inside of the combustion chamber, wasting fuel and affecting the performance of the engine.

9 Four-Stroke How a four-stroke engine of this type works. This one is shown with twin overhead camshafts for clarity. Camshafts turn at half engine speed, opening each valve once in the cycle. Intake: the rotating crankshaft pulls the piston down, creating low pressure in the cylinder. The inlet valve opens and mixture enters. Compression: the crankshaft raises the piston, compressing the mixture. At the top of the stroke, the spark plug fires. Power: the mixture, ignited by the spark, expands, forcing the piston down and turning the crankshaft to give power. Exhaust: the piston rises again. The exhaust valve opens, so that the burned gases are forced out of the cylinder.

10 Two-Stroke The two-stroke engine must accomplish intake, combustion and exhaust in one back-and- forth movement of the piston. Since scavenging is incomplete and inefficient, the proper mixture is difficult to obtain. Small two-stroke engines such as are still used in some motorcycles, lawn mowers and small cars must have oil added to the petrol, and constitute an air pollution problem; the blue smoke from the exhaust pipe of these engines is one of their familiar characteristics. One way of improving the scavenging of the two-stroke engine is to build opposing pistons, which reciprocate in opposite directions and share a common combustion chamber. This design was chosen by Henry Ford for his first car, which was built in A big disadvantage is that each piston must drive a separate crankshaft, and the motion of the two crank- shafts must then be combined through a system of gearing. Another way of improving the scavenging of a two-stroke engine is to use a turbocharger, which is a SUPERCHARGER driven by the energy of the exhaust gases, and resembles a pump for blowing air into the cylinder. This is combined with a FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM instead of the usual carburettor. The modern DIESEL ENGINE pulls in only air on the intake, and compresses it to between a twelfth and a twenty-fifth of its original volume, compared to a sixth to a tenth for compression in a petrol engine. This raises the temperature of the air to over 1000 F ( 38 C). At this point the fuel is injected and ignites spontaneously, without the need for a spark plug. Diesel engines may be of two- or four-stroke design (both types can be turbo- charged), though most road-going diesels are fourstroke.

11 Two-Stroke A two-stroke engine, as used on small motorcycles, which uses both the cylinder and the crankcase below the piston in its operation. While the piston rises to compress the mixture above it, it creates low pressure below it, drawing mixture into the crankcase through the inlet port, which is uncovered by the piston (there are no valves). When the piston is at the top, the mixture in the cylinder is ignited, driving the piston down to open the exhaust port. While the exhaust gases leave, mixture, compressed by the falling piston, is forced up the transfer port into the cylinder. A shaped piston improves separation of mixture and exhaust.

12 Design Aspects The block, the head and the crankshaft are all castings that require extensive machining before the engine can be assembled (some larger crankshafts are forgings, for extra strength). The cylinders must be bored and finished precisely in the block. The top of the block and underside of the head are planed or milled to fit smoothly together, and the tops of the compression chambers are also machined on the underside of the head except in bowl in piston designs, where the head is flat and the tops of the pistons are recessed. Both the block and the head must have numerous surfaces machined and holes drilled and tapped where various components will be mounted. Where the head is bolted to, the block, a head gasket is included in order to prevent escape of compression in the assembled engine. The underside of the block is open; at the bottom of each cylinder wall, bearing surfaces are machined to accept the main bearings of the crankshaft. Bearing caps are screwed down to hold the crankshaft in place. The pistons slide up and down in the cylinders and are connected to the crankshaft by means of connecting rods which pivot in the pistons and turn on the throws of the crankshaft. A sump [oil pan] made of sheet metal or cast light alloy is screwed to the bottom of the block, covering the crankshaft; a gasket is included to prevent leakage of oil, and there is also an oil seal at each end of the crankshaft where it protrudes from the block.

13 The crankshaft itself is a mechanical adaptation of the hand crank, used for centuries to operate simple machines such as early lathes. For each cylinder in the engine there is a separate throw (offset section forming a crank) which revolves around the axis of the crankshaft, pushed by the operation of the piston when the engine is running. Opposite each throw on the crank-shaft is a web(a mass of metal) to balance it. The throws in a multi-cylinder engine are arranged equidistant around the circle described by their revolution, and the firing sequence of the combustion chambers, which depends on the crank position, is timed in such a way as to balance the engine and provide for smooth running. Internal combustion engines have been built with as many as sixteen cylinders or more, in several configurations: opposed, radial, V-formation, and in-line (all in a row). The most common type of engine today is the in-line four or six cylinder engine used in cars; V4 engines are also common, especially in American cars. Design Aspects Above: A 1928 Bugatti straight 8 engine. The eight exhaust ports converge into two exhaust pipes.

14 Design Aspects On the front of the crankshaft, where it protrudes from the engine, is mourned a pulley wheel from which are operated, by means of a belt, the DYNAMO (generator or alternator, and the water pump, if the engine is water-cooled. The crankshaft also drives the oil pump (for lubrication of the engine) by means of a skew gear. Also mounted on the crankshaft is the timing gear. The timing gear is a pair of gearwheels, or a sprocket linked by a chain to a smaller sprocket, which turns the camshaft, which is generally located in the block, at half crankshaft speed. The camshaft in turn operates the valves, and also drives the DISTRIBUTOR to spark the mixture at the correct moment. If the valves are located in the block, the engine is a side-valve, valve-in-hand, flat head or L-head design. In this case the valve stems ride directly on the h. If the engine is an overhead valve design, the valves are operated from the camshaft by means of an assembly of pushrods and rocker arms, and access to the valves for repairs is more easily obtained by removing a sheet metal cover on top of the head, instead of having to remove the head itself. In yet another variation, the overhead cam, the camshaft is also located on top. In all cases, the valves are operated against spring pressure; there are at least two valves for each cylinder (intake and exhaust); and the adjustment of the timing gear is vital to the performance of the engine. Some high performance engines have four valves to a cylinder; some aero engines have sleeve valves, in which a tubular sleeve with holes in it covers and uncovers the ports.

Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines Internal Combustion Engines The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. This exothermic reaction of a fuel with an

More information

ENGINE & WORKING PRINCIPLES

ENGINE & WORKING PRINCIPLES ENGINE & WORKING PRINCIPLES A heat engine is a machine, which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. The combustion of fuel such as coal, petrol, diesel generates heat. This heat is supplied to a

More information

Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1. Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje

Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1. Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1 Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje 1 An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion

More information

ENGINES ENGINE OPERATION

ENGINES ENGINE OPERATION ENGINES ENGINE OPERATION Because the most widely used piston engine is the four-stroke cycle type, it will be used as the example for this section, Engine Operation and as the basis for comparison in the

More information

Handout Activity: HA170

Handout Activity: HA170 Basic diesel engine components Handout Activity: HA170 HA170-2 Basic diesel engine components Diesel engine parts are usually heavier or more rugged than those of similar output gasoline engines. Their

More information

Internal Combustion Engine. Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST

Internal Combustion Engine. Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST Internal Combustion Engine Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST What is an Engine? -a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy Two types of engines : 1. Internal

More information

CHAPTER 1 MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT

CHAPTER 1 MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT CONTENTS PAGE Basic Principals 02 The Crankshaft 06 Piston Attachment 08 Major Assemblies 10 Valve Gear 12 Cam Drive 18 Mechanical Arrangement - Basic Principals

More information

FUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS

FUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS Prof. Kunalsinh Mechanical Engineering Dept. FUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS Prof. Kunalsinh kathia [MECHANICAL DEPT.] UNIT-2 [ENGINES] PART-1 Prof. Kunalsinh kathia [MECHANICAL DEPT.] Internal combustion

More information

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (SKMM 4413)

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (SKMM 4413) INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (SKMM 4413) Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said Room : Block P21, Level 1, Automotive Development Centre (ADC) Tel : 07-5535449 Email: mfarid@fkm.utm.my HISTORY OF ICE History of

More information

Engine Construction and Principles of Operation

Engine Construction and Principles of Operation Ch. 4 Engine Construction and Principles of Operation Gasoline Engine A gasoline fueled engine is a mechanism designed to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy It is an internal combustion engine.

More information

Inside a typical car engine. Almost all cars today use a reciprocating internal combustion engine because this engine is:

Inside a typical car engine. Almost all cars today use a reciprocating internal combustion engine because this engine is: Tech Torque HOW PETROL ENGINES WORK The Basics The purpose of a gasoline car engine is to convert gasoline into motion so that your car can move. Currently the easiest way to create motion from gasoline

More information

Topic Page: Internal Combustion Engine

Topic Page: Internal Combustion Engine Topic Page: Internal Combustion Engine Definition: internal combustion engine from Dictionary of Energy Transportation. an engine in which the process of combustion takes place in a cylinder or cylinders

More information

UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Objectives After the completion of this chapter, Students 1. To know the different parts of IC engines and their functions. 2. To understand the working principle of

More information

Engine Design Classifications

Engine Design Classifications Chapter 12 Engine Design Classifications Name: Date: Instructor: Score: Textbook pages 158-175 Objective: After studying this chapter, you will be able to describe and explain basic automotive engine designs

More information

Internal combustion engines can be classified in a number of different ways: 1. Types of Ignition

Internal combustion engines can be classified in a number of different ways: 1. Types of Ignition Chapter 1 Introduction 1-3 ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONS Internal combustion engines can be classified in a number of different ways: 1. Types of Ignition 1 (a) Spark Ignition (SI). An SI engine starts the combustion

More information

Internal Combustion Engines.

Internal Combustion Engines. Internal Combustion Engines. Here's a quick description of a typical internal combustion engine, along with basic vocabularies that describe the components and their functions. This stuffs serve as a quick

More information

TKP3501 Farm Mechanization

TKP3501 Farm Mechanization TKP3501 Farm Mechanization Topic 2: Internal Combustion Engines Ahmad Suhaizi, Mat Su Email: asuhaizi@upm.edu.my Outlines Internal vs external combustion engines Engine structure Combustion cycle 4 stroke

More information

Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 1 Course# ME4061

Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 1 Course# ME4061 Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 1 Course# ME4061 EZpdh.com All Rights Reserved Diesel Engine Fundamentals DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES... ii LIST OF TABLES...

More information

SAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL

SAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL IC Engine - ME GATE, IES, PSU 1 SAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL Mechanical Engineering ME Postal Correspondence Course Internal Combustion Engine GATE, IES & PSUs IC Engine - ME GATE, IES, PSU 2 C O N T E N T 1.

More information

Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 11 Pages Engine Fundamentals 62 Points

Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 11 Pages Engine Fundamentals 62 Points Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 11 Pages 145-161 Engine Fundamentals 62 Points 1. The is the area between the top of the piston & the cylinder head. Combustion Chamber Cylinder Chamber Chamber of

More information

INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE

INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE Engine: An engine is motor which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy Fuel/petrol engine: A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in North America) is

More information

THE WOLSELEY "VIPER" AERO ENGINE. (Hispano-Suiza W.4.A*)

THE WOLSELEY VIPER AERO ENGINE. (Hispano-Suiza W.4.A*) 13 THE WOLSELEY "VIPER" AERO ENGINE. (Hispano-Suiza W.4.A*) General description. The engine referred to in this article is the Hispano-Suiza 180 hp W.4.A* Aero Engine, as made by Wolseley Motors Ltd. The

More information

Engine Systems. Basic Engine Operation. Firing Order. Four Stroke Cycle. Overhead Valves - OHV. Engine Design. AUMT Engine Systems 4/4/11

Engine Systems. Basic Engine Operation. Firing Order. Four Stroke Cycle. Overhead Valves - OHV. Engine Design. AUMT Engine Systems 4/4/11 Advanced Introduction Brake to Automotive Systems Diagnosis Service and Service Basic Engine Operation Engine Systems Donald Jones Brookhaven College The internal combustion process consists of: admitting

More information

A. Aluminum alloy Aluminum that has other metals mixed with it.

A. Aluminum alloy Aluminum that has other metals mixed with it. ENGINE REPAIR UNIT 1: ENGINE DESIGN LESSON 1: PRINCIPLES OF ENGINE DESIGN I. Terms and definitions A. Aluminum alloy Aluminum that has other metals mixed with it. B. Bearing A device that allows movement

More information

THE NEW MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR ENGINE: WHY THE EXPERTS

THE NEW MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR ENGINE: WHY THE EXPERTS THE NEW MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR ENGINE: WHY THE EXPERTS ARE SO EXCITED! The Counterpoise Bi-Radial Engine Will Cause A Revolution In Engine Building. An explanation from the Chief Science Officer. ebook The

More information

OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ASPECTS ABOUT ENGINES MECHANISM:

OBJECTIVE: GENERAL ASPECTS ABOUT ENGINES MECHANISM: LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN LECTURE NOTE 3 COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Course code: MCE 211 Course title: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Credit

More information

CHAPTER 3 ENGINE TYPES

CHAPTER 3 ENGINE TYPES CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3 ENGINE TYPES CONTENTS PAGE Multi-Cylinders 02 Firing orders 06 2 Stroke Cycle 08 Diesel Cycle 10 Wankel Engine 12 Radial/Rotary 14 Engine Types Multi Cylinders Below are illustrated

More information

I.C ENGINES. CLASSIFICATION I.C Engines are classified according to:

I.C ENGINES. CLASSIFICATION I.C Engines are classified according to: I.C ENGINES An internal combustion engine is most popularly known as I.C. engine, is a heat engine which converts the heat energy released by the combustion of the fuel taking place inside the engine cylinder

More information

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 1 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DIVISON OF THERMAL AND ENERGY CONVERSION IC Engine Fundamentals 2 Engine Systems An engine

More information

MECHANICAL SCIENCE Module 1 Diesel Engine Fundamentals

MECHANICAL SCIENCE Module 1 Diesel Engine Fundamentals Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook MECHANICAL SCIENCE Module 1 Diesel Engine Fundamentals Diesel Engine Fundamentals DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES... ii

More information

The Four Stroke Cycle

The Four Stroke Cycle 1 Induction As the piston travels down the cylinder it draws filtered air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature through an air filter and inlet valves into the cylinder. 2 Compression When the

More information

UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES. Objectives. Structure. 2.1 Introduction

UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES. Objectives. Structure. 2.1 Introduction UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS Power Plants Structure 2.1 Introduction Objectives 2.2 Classification of IC Engines 2.3 Four Stroke Engines versus Two Stroke Engines 2.4 Working of Four Stroke Petrol Engine 2.5 Working

More information

Two Cycle and Four Cycle Engines

Two Cycle and Four Cycle Engines Ch. 5 Two Cycle and Four Cycle Engines Feb 20 7:43 AM 1 Stroke of the piston is its movement in the cylinder from one end of its travel to the other Feb 20 7:44 AM 2 Four stroke cycle engine 4 strokes

More information

ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS PROFICIENCY LEVEL TWO INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SECTION 3 EO M EXPLAIN THE CYCLES OF A FOUR-STROKE PISTON-POWERED ENGINE

ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS PROFICIENCY LEVEL TWO INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SECTION 3 EO M EXPLAIN THE CYCLES OF A FOUR-STROKE PISTON-POWERED ENGINE ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS PROFICIENCY LEVEL TWO INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SECTION 3 EO M232.03 EXPLAIN THE CYCLES OF A FOUR-STROKE PISTON-POWERED ENGINE Total Time: 60 min PREPARATION PRE-LESSON INSTRUCTIONS

More information

Air Cooled Engine Technology. Roth 9 th Ch 5 2 & 4 Cycle Engines Pages 81 94

Air Cooled Engine Technology. Roth 9 th Ch 5 2 & 4 Cycle Engines Pages 81 94 Roth 9 th Ch 5 2 & 4 Cycle Engines Pages 81 94 1. The of the piston is its movement in the cylinder from one end of its travel to another. Either TDC to BDC (downstroke) or BDC to TDC (upstroke). Identified

More information

CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS.

CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS. CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS. http://www.survivalebooks.com/ Thank you for purchasing our ebook package. SUBCOURSE EDITION

More information

Template for the Storyboard stage

Template for the Storyboard stage Template for the Storyboard stage Animation can be done in JAVA 2-D. Mention what will be your animation medium: 2D or 3D Mention the software to be used for animation development: JAVA, Flash, Blender,

More information

THE STUDY of mechanical power

THE STUDY of mechanical power The Internal Combustion Engine and Its Importance to Agriculture THE STUDY of mechanical power covers a broad area of learning. A basic understanding of engines is important if you are to keep pace with

More information

Chapter 14 Small Gas Engines

Chapter 14 Small Gas Engines Chapter 14 Small Gas Engines Use the Textbook Pages 321 349 to help answer the questions Why You Learn So Well in Tech & Engineering Classes 1. Internal combustion make heat by burning a fuel & air mixture

More information

Bronze Level Training

Bronze Level Training Bronze Level Training Engine Principles of Operation While not everyone at the dealership needs to be a top rated service technician, it is good for all the employees to have a basic understanding of engine

More information

CONVENTIONAL ENGINE CONSTRUCTION

CONVENTIONAL ENGINE CONSTRUCTION CONVENTIONAL ENGINE CONSTRUCTION CYLINDER BLOCKS, HEADS, AND CRANKCASES The cylinder, or the engine block, is the basic foundation of virtually all liquid-cooled engines. The block is a solid casting made

More information

Fundamentals of Small Gas Engines

Fundamentals of Small Gas Engines Fundamentals of Small Gas Engines Objectives: Describe the four-stroke cycle engine operation and explain the purpose of each stroke Explain the concept of valve timing Describe two-stroke engine operation

More information

Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine.

Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine. Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion

More information

NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE

NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE February 1994 Basic Machines NAVEDTRA 14037 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Although the words he, him, and his are used sparingly

More information

California State University, Bakersfield. Signals and Systems. Kristin Koehler. California State University, Bakersfield Lecture 4 July 18 th, 2013

California State University, Bakersfield. Signals and Systems. Kristin Koehler. California State University, Bakersfield Lecture 4 July 18 th, 2013 Kristin Koehler California State University, Bakersfield Lecture 4 July 18 th, 2013 1 Outline Internal combustion engines 2 stroke combustion engines 4 stroke combustion engines Diesel engines 2 Consists

More information

ENGINE MECHANICAL <134>

ENGINE MECHANICAL <134> 11A-1 GROUP 11A ENGINE MECHANICAL CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION........ 11A-2.................. 11A-3 11A-2 The newly developed 1.1L 134910 engine features 3-cylinder, 12-valve, and double overhead

More information

Principles of Engine Operation. Information

Principles of Engine Operation. Information Internal Combustion Engines MAK 4070E Principles of Engine Operation Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Istanbul Technical University Information Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay İ.T.Ü. Makina Fakültesi Motorlar ve Taşıtlar Laboratuvarı

More information

Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines

Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlan Abdul Wahid Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia www.fkm.utm.my/~mazlan 1 Coverage Introduction Operation

More information

IC ENGINE(4 STROKE) G.H.R.I.E&M JALGAON. Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Mehta chirag Shah sagar Patel jainish talele amit

IC ENGINE(4 STROKE) G.H.R.I.E&M JALGAON. Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Mehta chirag Shah sagar Patel jainish talele amit IC ENGINE(4 STROKE) G.H.R.I.E&M JALGAON Mehta chirag Shah sagar Patel jainish talele amit Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) 9096297071 9028248697 9028913994 8087260063 1 Abstract The four stroke,

More information

Chapter 2 How the Diesel Aircraft Engine Functions

Chapter 2 How the Diesel Aircraft Engine Functions Chapter 2 How the Diesel Aircraft Engine Functions People who are familiar with the functioning of a gasoline aircraft engine need not have any difficulty in understanding how a high speed Diesel aircraft

More information

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) Summer 15 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/18

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) Summer 15 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/18 Subject Code: 708 Model Answer Page No: /8 Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. ) The model answer

More information

VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE

VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE Page 1 of 13 EFFECT OF VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM ON VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY: Qu. 1:Why Inlet valve is closed after the Bottom Dead Centre

More information

Introduction. Internal Combustion Engines

Introduction. Internal Combustion Engines Introduction Internal Combustion Engines Internal Combustion Engines A heat engine that converts chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy. Chemical energy first converted into thermal energy (Combustion)

More information

IC ENGINES. Differences between SI and CI engines: Petrol is fuel, which has a high self ignition temperature

IC ENGINES. Differences between SI and CI engines: Petrol is fuel, which has a high self ignition temperature IC ENGINES SI Engines work at constant volume. They have a compression ratio of around 6-10. But CI engines work at constant pressure and has a compression ratio of 16-20. In four stroke engines, one power

More information

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DIVISON OF THERMAL AND ENERGY CONVERSION By Desta Lemma (BSc, MSc) Introduction

More information

Bthird, or power stroke by the expanding gases. As the

Bthird, or power stroke by the expanding gases. As the third, or power stroke by the expanding gases. As the piston reaches DC it enters the fourth cycle. The exhaust valve opens and the piston rises forcing burned gases from the combustion chamber in what

More information

CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS.

CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS. CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS. http://www.survivalebooks.com/ Thank you for purchasing our ebook package. US ARMY LIGHT

More information

The Basics of Four-Stroke Engines

The Basics of Four-Stroke Engines Youth Explore Trades Skills Description Students will be introduced to basic engine parts, theory and terminology. Understanding how an engine works and knowing some key related parts and terminology is

More information

SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Department of Automobile Engineering

SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Department of Automobile Engineering SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Department of Automobile Engineering ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-16 FIFTH SEMESTER AU 302 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE COMPONENTS DESIGN UNIT 2 CYLINDER, PISTON & CONNECTING

More information

Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 2 Course# ME406

Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 2 Course# ME406 Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 2 Course# ME406 EZpdh.com All Rights Reserved Diesel Engine Fundamentals DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 DIESEL ENGINES Air Intake System Because a diesel engine requires close tolerances

More information

Engine Project. These engines are typically used in lawn mowers, snow blowers, go-carts, etc

Engine Project. These engines are typically used in lawn mowers, snow blowers, go-carts, etc Engine Project Your team is going to dissect and assemble a 3.5 HP single cylinder, 4 cycle engine, made by Briggs and Stratton in Milwaukee, Wisconsin These engines are typically used in lawn mowers,

More information

Practical Exercise for Instruction Pack 2. Ed Abdo

Practical Exercise for Instruction Pack 2. Ed Abdo Practical Exercise for Instruction Pack 2 By Ed Abdo About the Author Edward Abdo has been actively involved in the motorcycle and ATV industry for over 25 years. He received factory training from Honda,

More information

Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines Introduction Lecture 1 1 Outline In this lecture we will learn about: Definition of internal combustion Development of the internal combustion engine Different engine classifications We will also draw

More information

HAYNES ASSEMBLY MANUAL

HAYNES ASSEMBLY MANUAL Age range 10+ HAYNES ASSEMBLY MANUAL HM04R Haynes Build Your Own Internal Combustion Engine HM04R Haynes Build Your Own Internal Combustion Engine Kit Haynes Publishing 2015 All rights reserved. No part

More information

Service Advisor Customer Service Skills SERVICE ADVISOR. Technical for Non-technical - Engines INDUCTION

Service Advisor Customer Service Skills SERVICE ADVISOR. Technical for Non-technical - Engines INDUCTION Service Advisor Customer Service Skills SERVICE ADVISOR Technical for Non-technical - Engines INDUCTION Objectives Welcome to the technical for non-technical modules. We will discuss engines, transmissions

More information

SIDEWINDER COURSE PREREQUISITE MANUAL

SIDEWINDER COURSE PREREQUISITE MANUAL SIDEWINDER COURSE PREREQUISITE MANUAL The S&S engine class is designed for the seasoned tech or shop owner. A certain level of knowledge and understanding is required for your success. We will be covering

More information

Lecture 5. Abnormal Combustion

Lecture 5. Abnormal Combustion Lecture 5 Abnormal Combustion Abnormal Combustion The Abnormal Combustion:- When the combustion gets deviated from the normal behavior resulting loss of performance or damage to the engine. It is happened

More information

The 4 Stroke Diesel Cycle

The 4 Stroke Diesel Cycle The 4 Stroke Diesel Cycle Nickolaus Otto invented the 4 stroke cycle in 1862. More details of how the four stroke spark ignition cycle works, together with pictures of Otto's first engines can be found

More information

Sensors & Controls. Everything you wanted to know about gas engine ignition technology but were too afraid to ask.

Sensors & Controls. Everything you wanted to know about gas engine ignition technology but were too afraid to ask. Everything you wanted to know about gas engine ignition technology but were too afraid to ask. Contents 1. Introducing Electronic Ignition 2. Inductive Ignition 3. Capacitor Discharge Ignition 4. CDI vs

More information

Approved by AICTE, Government of India & affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow Department of Mechanical Engineering

Approved by AICTE, Government of India & affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow Department of Mechanical Engineering Experiment No. - 1 Object: Study and working of four stroke petrol engine. Apparatus Required: S. No. Name of Apparatus Specifications Model of Four stroke petrol engine NA Figure 1: Working of four stroke

More information

D etonation in Light Aircraft

D etonation in Light Aircraft D etonation in Light Aircraft Yes it s true, the topic of pre-ignition and detonation has been previously written about in grueling detail. However, almost every article published on the subject broaches

More information

Section 2 ENGINES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE DESIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS

Section 2 ENGINES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE DESIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS Section 2 ENGINES CHAPTER 9 F P O AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE DESIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS OBJECTIVES Describe the various ways in which engines can be classified. Explain what takes place during each stroke of the four-stroke

More information

TECHNICAL MANUAL ORGANIZATIONAL, DIRECT SUPPORT AND GENERAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE MANUAL (INCLUDING REPAIR PARTS LIST AND SPECIAL TOOLS LIST) FOR

TECHNICAL MANUAL ORGANIZATIONAL, DIRECT SUPPORT AND GENERAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE MANUAL (INCLUDING REPAIR PARTS LIST AND SPECIAL TOOLS LIST) FOR TECHNICAL MANUAL ORGANIZATIONAL, DIRECT SUPPORT AND GENERAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE MANUAL (INCLUDING REPAIR PARTS LIST AND SPECIAL TOOLS LIST) FOR CRANE, TRUCK MOUNTED HYDRAULIC 25 TON (CCE) GROVE MODEL TM

More information

DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK MECHANICAL SCIENCE Volume 1 of 2

DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK MECHANICAL SCIENCE Volume 1 of 2 DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 JANUARY 1993 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK MECHANICAL SCIENCE Volume 1 of 2 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release;

More information

MGA Twin Cam Engine Assembly.

MGA Twin Cam Engine Assembly. MGA Twin Cam Engine Assembly. The following article is a collection of notes of things to be observed in the assembling of MGA Twin Cam engines. To be read in conjunction with the Workshop Manual. It does

More information

SOHC ENGINE MECHANICAL

SOHC ENGINE MECHANICAL SECTION 1B SOHC ENGINE MECHANICAL CAUTION: Disconnect the negative battery cable before removing or installing any electrical unit or when a tool or equipment could easily come in contact with exposed

More information

WEEK 4 Dynamics of Machinery

WEEK 4 Dynamics of Machinery WEEK 4 Dynamics of Machinery References Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, J.J.Uicker, G.R.Pennock ve J.E. Shigley, 2003 Prof.Dr.Hasan ÖZTÜRK 1 DYNAMICS OF RECIPROCATING ENGINES Prof.Dr.Hasan ÖZTÜRK The

More information

Page 1 of 9 303-01C Engine 6.0L Diesel 2004 F-Super Duty 250-550/Excursion DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Procedure revision date: 08/06/2003 Engine Printable View Engine Description The 6.0L diesel engine

More information

SECTION D Engine 6.0L Diesel

SECTION D Engine 6.0L Diesel 303-01D-i Engine 6.0L Diesel 303-01D-i SECTION 303-01D Engine 6.0L Diesel CONTENTS PAGE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Engine... 303-01D-2 303-01D-2 Engine 6.0L Diesel 303-01D-2 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Engine

More information

Design and Fabrication of Compressed air powered Six Stroke Engine

Design and Fabrication of Compressed air powered Six Stroke Engine Design and Fabrication of Compressed air powered Six Stroke Engine Lovin Varghese 1*, T. Savio Jojo 2 Eldhose Paul 3, Ajo Issac John 4, Arun Raphel 5 1,3,4,5 Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical engineering

More information

Henry Ford (July 30, April 7, 1947)

Henry Ford (July 30, April 7, 1947) Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 - April 7, 1947) Have you ever heard of a car called the Ford? I bet you know someone who has one like the Explorer, Windstar, Expedition, Contour, Mustang, or Tempo. Those are

More information

Emission from gasoline powered vehicles are classified as 1. Exhaust emission 2. Crank case emission 3. Evaporative emission. Table 1.

Emission from gasoline powered vehicles are classified as 1. Exhaust emission 2. Crank case emission 3. Evaporative emission. Table 1. Introduction: Main three types of automotive vehicle being used 1. Passenger cars powered by four stroke gasoline engines 2. Motor cycles, scooters and auto rickshaws powered mostly by small two stroke

More information

Diesel Engine Power Plants

Diesel Engine Power Plants Diesel Engine Power Plants Energy Conversion Engineering Diesel Engine Power Plants Introduction Diesel electric plants are generally available in the range of 2 to 50 MW capacity and they can be used

More information

MECHANISM: TRANSMISSION THE TYPE OF INPUT MOVEMENT IS THE SAME AS THE OUTPUT TRANSFORMATION THE MECHANISM TRANSFORMS THE TYPE OF MOVEMENT

MECHANISM: TRANSMISSION THE TYPE OF INPUT MOVEMENT IS THE SAME AS THE OUTPUT TRANSFORMATION THE MECHANISM TRANSFORMS THE TYPE OF MOVEMENT MECHANISM: The mechanisms are elements intended to transmit and transform forces and movements from an INPUT element (motor) to an OUTPUT element. Types of movements: Rotary Motion -this is motion in a

More information

Kul Internal Combustion Engine Technology. Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5

Kul Internal Combustion Engine Technology. Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5 Kul-14.4100 Internal Combustion Engine Technology Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5 Definitions Combustion engines convert the chemical energy of fuel to mechanical

More information

CH. 48 ENGINE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS TEST

CH. 48 ENGINE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS TEST TERRY FOX AUTOMOTIVE CH. 48 ENGINE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS TEST WHEN YOU ARE DONE THIS TEST GUESS WHAT YOU THINK YOU WILL RECEIVE FOR A MARK BELOW. IF YOU ARE WITHIN 2 MARKS YOU WILL RECEIVE 2 BONUS MARKS.

More information

Task 4: Read the texts, look at the illustrations and do the activities below.

Task 4: Read the texts, look at the illustrations and do the activities below. Task 4: Read the texts, look at the illustrations and do the activities below. 4 BASIC OPERATIONS The Induction Stroke On the induction stroke, the inlet valve opens and the piston, moving down, creates

More information

unit 10 lubricating systems

unit 10 lubricating systems FUEL TANK unit 10 lubricating systems An engine needs oil between its moving parts. The oil keeps the parts from rubbing on each other. When the parts do not rub on each other they do not wear out as quickly.

More information

Chapter 40: Engines and motors

Chapter 40: Engines and motors Chapter 40: Engines and motors Dr. Bassam A. Tayeh Engineering Technical English Islamic University of Gaza April, 2017 Contents A. Types and functions of engines and motors B. Internal combustion engines

More information

ENGINE MECHANICAL EM SECTION CONTENTS

ENGINE MECHANICAL EM SECTION CONTENTS ENGINE MECHANICAL EM SECTION CONTENTS INTAKE MANIFOLD...EM-2 Component Parts Location...EM-2 Removal and Installation...EM-3 Inspection...EM-3 EXHAUST MANIFOLD...EM-4 Component Parts Location...EM-4 Removal

More information

Diesel Power Generating Plants. Introduction

Diesel Power Generating Plants. Introduction Diesel Power Generating Plants Introduction Steve Mackay Dean of Engineering Worked for 30 years in Industrial Automation 30 years experience in mining, oil and gas, electrical and manufacturing industries

More information

Combustion engines. Combustion

Combustion engines. Combustion Combustion engines Chemical energy in fuel converted to thermal energy by combustion or oxidation Heat engine converts chemical energy into mechanical energy Thermal energy raises temperature and pressure

More information

Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion

Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion Introduction Newton s 3 rd Law of Motion as the cornerstone of propulsion Different types of aerospace propulsion systems Development of jet engines Newton s Third

More information

Name Date. True-False. Multiple Choice

Name Date. True-False. Multiple Choice Name Date True-False T F 1. Oil film thickness increases with an increase in oil temperature. T F 2. Displacement is the volume that a piston displaces in an engine when it travels from top dead center

More information

SELECTION OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS. Pierre Duysinx LTAS Automotive Engineering Academic Year

SELECTION OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS. Pierre Duysinx LTAS Automotive Engineering Academic Year SELECTION OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS Pierre Duysinx LTAS Automotive Engineering Academic Year 2015-2016 1 Bibliography R. Bosch. «Automotive Handbook». 5th edition. 2002. Society

More information

THE T IN DETAIL

THE T IN DETAIL STEP 37 THE T-34-85 IN DETAIL The B-2 [Kharkiv model V-2] engine consisted of a crankcase; two cylinder blocks; a crank rod mechanism; transmission; power system; lubricating, cooling and starting mechanisms.

More information

Six Stroke Engine ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION

Six Stroke Engine ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION Six Stroke Engine Shweta Kandari AND Ishant Gupta DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEERING DRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MAHAMAYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Noida. ABSTRACT The quest for an engine which having

More information

Design and Development Of Opposite Piston Engine

Design and Development Of Opposite Piston Engine ISSN (Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Volume 3, Special Issue 3, March 2014 2014 IEEE International Conference

More information

MSA BRITISH TOURING CAR CHAMPIONSHIP

MSA BRITISH TOURING CAR CHAMPIONSHIP MSA BRITISH TOURING CAR CHAMPIONSHIP HOMOLOGATION FORM FOR NGTC ENGINE Manufacturer FORD Manufacturer Designation Mountune Valid From 01-Jun-11 Engine General Number of cylinders 4 Arrangement I Stroke

More information

THERMAL ENGINEERING. SHIBIN MOHAMED Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Al Ameen Engineering College.

THERMAL ENGINEERING. SHIBIN MOHAMED Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Al Ameen Engineering College. THERMAL ENGINEERING SHIBIN MOHAMED Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Al Ameen Engineering College Al- Ameen Engg. College 1 Steam Engine: Definition A steam engine is a heat engine that converts

More information