Internal Combustion Engine
|
|
- Amber Johnston
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Internal Combustion Engine
2
3 The development of the internal combustion engine was made possible by the earlier development of the STEAM ENGINE. Both types of engines burn fuel, releasing energy from it in the form of heat which is then used to do useful work. The steam engine, however, is an external combustion engine, because the fuel is burned in a separate part of the engine from the cylinder containing the piston. Anything combustible can be used as a fuel in the steam engine, such as wood, coal or petroleum products, and the liberated energy is used to heat a fluid, usually water. The hot water vapour expands in a confined place (the cylinder) to push the piston. In the internal combustion engine, the burning of the fuel takes place in the combustion chamber (the top of the cylinder). The combustion is very sudden, amounting to an explosion which pushes the piston. Introduction
4 History During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the steam engine was made more efficient, advancements were made in engineering and metallurgy which made possible the first successful internal combustion engines. The operation of steam engines was not fully understood at first; the French physicist Sadi CARNOT published in 1824 his theories which led to the science of heat exchange (THERMODYNAMICS). Fifty years before that James WATT had already begun to develop packings and piston rings to prevent the escape of energy past the piston in his steam engines. By 1800, the British engineer Henry Maudslay was making improvements to the lathe which led to machinery capable of producing precision-made parts for engines. In the 1850s more volatile fuels were being refined from petroleum. In 1860 J J E Lenoir, a French engineer, built a successful engine which was essentially a modified steam engine, using illuminating gas as the fuel. In 1867 the firm of Otto and Langen began producing an engine which transmitted the power of a freely moving piston to a shaft and a heavy flywheel by means of a rack-and-gear device, using a FREEWHEELING clutch in the gear, so that it
5 History Meanwhile, in 1865 Alphonse Beau de Rochas had published in Paris his theory of a four-stroke engine of the type used in the modern car. While de Rochas never built any engines, his theory included compression of the fuel mixture in order to raise its temperature, and he also realized that a four-stroke design would be more efficient at scavenging (intake of fuel mixture and exhaust of burned gases) than the two-stroke. A two-stroke engine provides for intake of fuel, combustion and exhaust of burned gases with each back-and-forth motion of the piston (that is, with each revolution of the crankshaft). A four-stroke engine requires four strokes, that is, two complete back-and-forth movements of the piston (two revolutions of the crankshaft). The twostroke engine delivers twice as many power impulses as the four-stroke engine to the cranks haft, but the four-stroke is much more efficient at scavenging, if all other things are equal. The two-stroke design is also wasteful because unburned fuel is exhausted with the burned gases. In 1876, Otto and Langen began building the Otto silent engine (it was a good deal quieter than their earlier model). It was the first modern internal combustion engine, a four-stroke design which compressed the fuel mixture before combustion. After 1878, it was also manufactured in the United States, where it was an inspiration to Henry FORD in his early research.
6 PARTS Cutaway view of a typical four cylinder smallcar engine with conventional pushrodoperated overhead valves. Parts
7
8 Four-Stroke The four-stroke cycle operates as follows: on the first downstroke of the piston, the intake valve opens and the fuel mixture is pulled into the combustion chamber. On the following upstroke, all valves are closed and the fuel mixture is compressed. At the beginning of the second downstroke, combustion takes place; the fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from the SPARK PLUG and the expanding gases drive the piston downwards. On the second upstroke, the exhaust valve opens and the burned gases are expelled. Thus the four parts of the cycle are intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. The fuel mixture is a mixture of fuel and air in the form of a vapour which is prepared by the carburettor. The fuel is usually petrol [gasoline], but internal combustion engines of various types can be designed to run on anything from paraffin [kerosene] to high-test aviation fuel. TI e carburettor must be adjusted properly; if the mixture is too lean (does not contain enough fuel), the engine will not run properly; if it is too rich, the result will be carbon deposits fouling the spark plugs, the valves and the inside of the combustion chamber, wasting fuel and affecting the performance of the engine.
9 Four-Stroke How a four-stroke engine of this type works. This one is shown with twin overhead camshafts for clarity. Camshafts turn at half engine speed, opening each valve once in the cycle. Intake: the rotating crankshaft pulls the piston down, creating low pressure in the cylinder. The inlet valve opens and mixture enters. Compression: the crankshaft raises the piston, compressing the mixture. At the top of the stroke, the spark plug fires. Power: the mixture, ignited by the spark, expands, forcing the piston down and turning the crankshaft to give power. Exhaust: the piston rises again. The exhaust valve opens, so that the burned gases are forced out of the cylinder.
10 Two-Stroke The two-stroke engine must accomplish intake, combustion and exhaust in one back-and- forth movement of the piston. Since scavenging is incomplete and inefficient, the proper mixture is difficult to obtain. Small two-stroke engines such as are still used in some motorcycles, lawn mowers and small cars must have oil added to the petrol, and constitute an air pollution problem; the blue smoke from the exhaust pipe of these engines is one of their familiar characteristics. One way of improving the scavenging of the two-stroke engine is to build opposing pistons, which reciprocate in opposite directions and share a common combustion chamber. This design was chosen by Henry Ford for his first car, which was built in A big disadvantage is that each piston must drive a separate crankshaft, and the motion of the two crank- shafts must then be combined through a system of gearing. Another way of improving the scavenging of a two-stroke engine is to use a turbocharger, which is a SUPERCHARGER driven by the energy of the exhaust gases, and resembles a pump for blowing air into the cylinder. This is combined with a FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM instead of the usual carburettor. The modern DIESEL ENGINE pulls in only air on the intake, and compresses it to between a twelfth and a twenty-fifth of its original volume, compared to a sixth to a tenth for compression in a petrol engine. This raises the temperature of the air to over 1000 F ( 38 C). At this point the fuel is injected and ignites spontaneously, without the need for a spark plug. Diesel engines may be of two- or four-stroke design (both types can be turbo- charged), though most road-going diesels are fourstroke.
11 Two-Stroke A two-stroke engine, as used on small motorcycles, which uses both the cylinder and the crankcase below the piston in its operation. While the piston rises to compress the mixture above it, it creates low pressure below it, drawing mixture into the crankcase through the inlet port, which is uncovered by the piston (there are no valves). When the piston is at the top, the mixture in the cylinder is ignited, driving the piston down to open the exhaust port. While the exhaust gases leave, mixture, compressed by the falling piston, is forced up the transfer port into the cylinder. A shaped piston improves separation of mixture and exhaust.
12 Design Aspects The block, the head and the crankshaft are all castings that require extensive machining before the engine can be assembled (some larger crankshafts are forgings, for extra strength). The cylinders must be bored and finished precisely in the block. The top of the block and underside of the head are planed or milled to fit smoothly together, and the tops of the compression chambers are also machined on the underside of the head except in bowl in piston designs, where the head is flat and the tops of the pistons are recessed. Both the block and the head must have numerous surfaces machined and holes drilled and tapped where various components will be mounted. Where the head is bolted to, the block, a head gasket is included in order to prevent escape of compression in the assembled engine. The underside of the block is open; at the bottom of each cylinder wall, bearing surfaces are machined to accept the main bearings of the crankshaft. Bearing caps are screwed down to hold the crankshaft in place. The pistons slide up and down in the cylinders and are connected to the crankshaft by means of connecting rods which pivot in the pistons and turn on the throws of the crankshaft. A sump [oil pan] made of sheet metal or cast light alloy is screwed to the bottom of the block, covering the crankshaft; a gasket is included to prevent leakage of oil, and there is also an oil seal at each end of the crankshaft where it protrudes from the block.
13 The crankshaft itself is a mechanical adaptation of the hand crank, used for centuries to operate simple machines such as early lathes. For each cylinder in the engine there is a separate throw (offset section forming a crank) which revolves around the axis of the crankshaft, pushed by the operation of the piston when the engine is running. Opposite each throw on the crank-shaft is a web(a mass of metal) to balance it. The throws in a multi-cylinder engine are arranged equidistant around the circle described by their revolution, and the firing sequence of the combustion chambers, which depends on the crank position, is timed in such a way as to balance the engine and provide for smooth running. Internal combustion engines have been built with as many as sixteen cylinders or more, in several configurations: opposed, radial, V-formation, and in-line (all in a row). The most common type of engine today is the in-line four or six cylinder engine used in cars; V4 engines are also common, especially in American cars. Design Aspects Above: A 1928 Bugatti straight 8 engine. The eight exhaust ports converge into two exhaust pipes.
14 Design Aspects On the front of the crankshaft, where it protrudes from the engine, is mourned a pulley wheel from which are operated, by means of a belt, the DYNAMO (generator or alternator, and the water pump, if the engine is water-cooled. The crankshaft also drives the oil pump (for lubrication of the engine) by means of a skew gear. Also mounted on the crankshaft is the timing gear. The timing gear is a pair of gearwheels, or a sprocket linked by a chain to a smaller sprocket, which turns the camshaft, which is generally located in the block, at half crankshaft speed. The camshaft in turn operates the valves, and also drives the DISTRIBUTOR to spark the mixture at the correct moment. If the valves are located in the block, the engine is a side-valve, valve-in-hand, flat head or L-head design. In this case the valve stems ride directly on the h. If the engine is an overhead valve design, the valves are operated from the camshaft by means of an assembly of pushrods and rocker arms, and access to the valves for repairs is more easily obtained by removing a sheet metal cover on top of the head, instead of having to remove the head itself. In yet another variation, the overhead cam, the camshaft is also located on top. In all cases, the valves are operated against spring pressure; there are at least two valves for each cylinder (intake and exhaust); and the adjustment of the timing gear is vital to the performance of the engine. Some high performance engines have four valves to a cylinder; some aero engines have sleeve valves, in which a tubular sleeve with holes in it covers and uncovers the ports.
Internal Combustion Engines
Internal Combustion Engines The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. This exothermic reaction of a fuel with an
More informationENGINE & WORKING PRINCIPLES
ENGINE & WORKING PRINCIPLES A heat engine is a machine, which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. The combustion of fuel such as coal, petrol, diesel generates heat. This heat is supplied to a
More informationIntroduction to I.C Engines CH. 1. Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje
Introduction to I.C Engines CH. 1 Prepared by: Dr. Assim Adaraje 1 An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
More informationENGINES ENGINE OPERATION
ENGINES ENGINE OPERATION Because the most widely used piston engine is the four-stroke cycle type, it will be used as the example for this section, Engine Operation and as the basis for comparison in the
More informationHandout Activity: HA170
Basic diesel engine components Handout Activity: HA170 HA170-2 Basic diesel engine components Diesel engine parts are usually heavier or more rugged than those of similar output gasoline engines. Their
More informationInternal Combustion Engine. Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST
Internal Combustion Engine Prepared by- Md Ferdous Alam Lecturer, MEE, SUST What is an Engine? -a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy Two types of engines : 1. Internal
More informationCHAPTER 1 MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT
CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT CONTENTS PAGE Basic Principals 02 The Crankshaft 06 Piston Attachment 08 Major Assemblies 10 Valve Gear 12 Cam Drive 18 Mechanical Arrangement - Basic Principals
More informationFUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS
Prof. Kunalsinh Mechanical Engineering Dept. FUNDAMENTAL OF AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS Prof. Kunalsinh kathia [MECHANICAL DEPT.] UNIT-2 [ENGINES] PART-1 Prof. Kunalsinh kathia [MECHANICAL DEPT.] Internal combustion
More informationINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (SKMM 4413)
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (SKMM 4413) Dr. Mohd Farid bin Muhamad Said Room : Block P21, Level 1, Automotive Development Centre (ADC) Tel : 07-5535449 Email: mfarid@fkm.utm.my HISTORY OF ICE History of
More informationEngine Construction and Principles of Operation
Ch. 4 Engine Construction and Principles of Operation Gasoline Engine A gasoline fueled engine is a mechanism designed to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy It is an internal combustion engine.
More informationInside a typical car engine. Almost all cars today use a reciprocating internal combustion engine because this engine is:
Tech Torque HOW PETROL ENGINES WORK The Basics The purpose of a gasoline car engine is to convert gasoline into motion so that your car can move. Currently the easiest way to create motion from gasoline
More informationTopic Page: Internal Combustion Engine
Topic Page: Internal Combustion Engine Definition: internal combustion engine from Dictionary of Energy Transportation. an engine in which the process of combustion takes place in a cylinder or cylinders
More informationUNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Objectives After the completion of this chapter, Students 1. To know the different parts of IC engines and their functions. 2. To understand the working principle of
More informationEngine Design Classifications
Chapter 12 Engine Design Classifications Name: Date: Instructor: Score: Textbook pages 158-175 Objective: After studying this chapter, you will be able to describe and explain basic automotive engine designs
More informationInternal combustion engines can be classified in a number of different ways: 1. Types of Ignition
Chapter 1 Introduction 1-3 ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONS Internal combustion engines can be classified in a number of different ways: 1. Types of Ignition 1 (a) Spark Ignition (SI). An SI engine starts the combustion
More informationInternal Combustion Engines.
Internal Combustion Engines. Here's a quick description of a typical internal combustion engine, along with basic vocabularies that describe the components and their functions. This stuffs serve as a quick
More informationTKP3501 Farm Mechanization
TKP3501 Farm Mechanization Topic 2: Internal Combustion Engines Ahmad Suhaizi, Mat Su Email: asuhaizi@upm.edu.my Outlines Internal vs external combustion engines Engine structure Combustion cycle 4 stroke
More informationDiesel Engine Fundamentals Part 1 Course# ME4061
Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 1 Course# ME4061 EZpdh.com All Rights Reserved Diesel Engine Fundamentals DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES... ii LIST OF TABLES...
More informationSAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL
IC Engine - ME GATE, IES, PSU 1 SAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL Mechanical Engineering ME Postal Correspondence Course Internal Combustion Engine GATE, IES & PSUs IC Engine - ME GATE, IES, PSU 2 C O N T E N T 1.
More informationModern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 11 Pages Engine Fundamentals 62 Points
Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 11 Pages 145-161 Engine Fundamentals 62 Points 1. The is the area between the top of the piston & the cylinder head. Combustion Chamber Cylinder Chamber Chamber of
More informationINTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE
INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE ENGINE Engine: An engine is motor which converts chemical energy into mechanical energy Fuel/petrol engine: A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in North America) is
More informationTHE WOLSELEY "VIPER" AERO ENGINE. (Hispano-Suiza W.4.A*)
13 THE WOLSELEY "VIPER" AERO ENGINE. (Hispano-Suiza W.4.A*) General description. The engine referred to in this article is the Hispano-Suiza 180 hp W.4.A* Aero Engine, as made by Wolseley Motors Ltd. The
More informationEngine Systems. Basic Engine Operation. Firing Order. Four Stroke Cycle. Overhead Valves - OHV. Engine Design. AUMT Engine Systems 4/4/11
Advanced Introduction Brake to Automotive Systems Diagnosis Service and Service Basic Engine Operation Engine Systems Donald Jones Brookhaven College The internal combustion process consists of: admitting
More informationA. Aluminum alloy Aluminum that has other metals mixed with it.
ENGINE REPAIR UNIT 1: ENGINE DESIGN LESSON 1: PRINCIPLES OF ENGINE DESIGN I. Terms and definitions A. Aluminum alloy Aluminum that has other metals mixed with it. B. Bearing A device that allows movement
More informationTHE NEW MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR ENGINE: WHY THE EXPERTS
THE NEW MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR ENGINE: WHY THE EXPERTS ARE SO EXCITED! The Counterpoise Bi-Radial Engine Will Cause A Revolution In Engine Building. An explanation from the Chief Science Officer. ebook The
More informationOBJECTIVE: GENERAL ASPECTS ABOUT ENGINES MECHANISM:
LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN LECTURE NOTE 3 COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Course code: MCE 211 Course title: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Credit
More informationCHAPTER 3 ENGINE TYPES
CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3 ENGINE TYPES CONTENTS PAGE Multi-Cylinders 02 Firing orders 06 2 Stroke Cycle 08 Diesel Cycle 10 Wankel Engine 12 Radial/Rotary 14 Engine Types Multi Cylinders Below are illustrated
More informationI.C ENGINES. CLASSIFICATION I.C Engines are classified according to:
I.C ENGINES An internal combustion engine is most popularly known as I.C. engine, is a heat engine which converts the heat energy released by the combustion of the fuel taking place inside the engine cylinder
More informationADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
1 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DIVISON OF THERMAL AND ENERGY CONVERSION IC Engine Fundamentals 2 Engine Systems An engine
More informationMECHANICAL SCIENCE Module 1 Diesel Engine Fundamentals
Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook MECHANICAL SCIENCE Module 1 Diesel Engine Fundamentals Diesel Engine Fundamentals DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES... ii
More informationThe Four Stroke Cycle
1 Induction As the piston travels down the cylinder it draws filtered air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature through an air filter and inlet valves into the cylinder. 2 Compression When the
More informationUNIT 2 POWER PLANTS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF IC ENGINES. Objectives. Structure. 2.1 Introduction
UNIT 2 POWER PLANTS Power Plants Structure 2.1 Introduction Objectives 2.2 Classification of IC Engines 2.3 Four Stroke Engines versus Two Stroke Engines 2.4 Working of Four Stroke Petrol Engine 2.5 Working
More informationTwo Cycle and Four Cycle Engines
Ch. 5 Two Cycle and Four Cycle Engines Feb 20 7:43 AM 1 Stroke of the piston is its movement in the cylinder from one end of its travel to the other Feb 20 7:44 AM 2 Four stroke cycle engine 4 strokes
More informationROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS PROFICIENCY LEVEL TWO INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SECTION 3 EO M EXPLAIN THE CYCLES OF A FOUR-STROKE PISTON-POWERED ENGINE
ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS PROFICIENCY LEVEL TWO INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SECTION 3 EO M232.03 EXPLAIN THE CYCLES OF A FOUR-STROKE PISTON-POWERED ENGINE Total Time: 60 min PREPARATION PRE-LESSON INSTRUCTIONS
More informationAir Cooled Engine Technology. Roth 9 th Ch 5 2 & 4 Cycle Engines Pages 81 94
Roth 9 th Ch 5 2 & 4 Cycle Engines Pages 81 94 1. The of the piston is its movement in the cylinder from one end of its travel to another. Either TDC to BDC (downstroke) or BDC to TDC (upstroke). Identified
More informationCHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS.
CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS. http://www.survivalebooks.com/ Thank you for purchasing our ebook package. SUBCOURSE EDITION
More informationTemplate for the Storyboard stage
Template for the Storyboard stage Animation can be done in JAVA 2-D. Mention what will be your animation medium: 2D or 3D Mention the software to be used for animation development: JAVA, Flash, Blender,
More informationTHE STUDY of mechanical power
The Internal Combustion Engine and Its Importance to Agriculture THE STUDY of mechanical power covers a broad area of learning. A basic understanding of engines is important if you are to keep pace with
More informationChapter 14 Small Gas Engines
Chapter 14 Small Gas Engines Use the Textbook Pages 321 349 to help answer the questions Why You Learn So Well in Tech & Engineering Classes 1. Internal combustion make heat by burning a fuel & air mixture
More informationBronze Level Training
Bronze Level Training Engine Principles of Operation While not everyone at the dealership needs to be a top rated service technician, it is good for all the employees to have a basic understanding of engine
More informationCONVENTIONAL ENGINE CONSTRUCTION
CONVENTIONAL ENGINE CONSTRUCTION CYLINDER BLOCKS, HEADS, AND CRANKCASES The cylinder, or the engine block, is the basic foundation of virtually all liquid-cooled engines. The block is a solid casting made
More informationFundamentals of Small Gas Engines
Fundamentals of Small Gas Engines Objectives: Describe the four-stroke cycle engine operation and explain the purpose of each stroke Explain the concept of valve timing Describe two-stroke engine operation
More informationComparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine.
Comparative Study Of Four Stroke Diesel And Petrol Engine. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion
More informationNONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE
NONRESIDENT TRAINING COURSE February 1994 Basic Machines NAVEDTRA 14037 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Although the words he, him, and his are used sparingly
More informationCalifornia State University, Bakersfield. Signals and Systems. Kristin Koehler. California State University, Bakersfield Lecture 4 July 18 th, 2013
Kristin Koehler California State University, Bakersfield Lecture 4 July 18 th, 2013 1 Outline Internal combustion engines 2 stroke combustion engines 4 stroke combustion engines Diesel engines 2 Consists
More informationENGINE MECHANICAL <134>
11A-1 GROUP 11A ENGINE MECHANICAL CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION........ 11A-2.................. 11A-3 11A-2 The newly developed 1.1L 134910 engine features 3-cylinder, 12-valve, and double overhead
More informationPrinciples of Engine Operation. Information
Internal Combustion Engines MAK 4070E Principles of Engine Operation Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Istanbul Technical University Information Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay İ.T.Ü. Makina Fakültesi Motorlar ve Taşıtlar Laboratuvarı
More informationApplied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines
Applied Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engines Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlan Abdul Wahid Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia www.fkm.utm.my/~mazlan 1 Coverage Introduction Operation
More informationIC ENGINE(4 STROKE) G.H.R.I.E&M JALGAON. Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Mehta chirag Shah sagar Patel jainish talele amit
IC ENGINE(4 STROKE) G.H.R.I.E&M JALGAON Mehta chirag Shah sagar Patel jainish talele amit Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) Sec.(Mech) 9096297071 9028248697 9028913994 8087260063 1 Abstract The four stroke,
More informationChapter 2 How the Diesel Aircraft Engine Functions
Chapter 2 How the Diesel Aircraft Engine Functions People who are familiar with the functioning of a gasoline aircraft engine need not have any difficulty in understanding how a high speed Diesel aircraft
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) Summer 15 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/18
Subject Code: 708 Model Answer Page No: /8 Important Instructions to examiners: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. ) The model answer
More informationVALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE
VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR SI ENGINE VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM FOR CI ENGINE Page 1 of 13 EFFECT OF VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM ON VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY: Qu. 1:Why Inlet valve is closed after the Bottom Dead Centre
More informationIntroduction. Internal Combustion Engines
Introduction Internal Combustion Engines Internal Combustion Engines A heat engine that converts chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy. Chemical energy first converted into thermal energy (Combustion)
More informationIC ENGINES. Differences between SI and CI engines: Petrol is fuel, which has a high self ignition temperature
IC ENGINES SI Engines work at constant volume. They have a compression ratio of around 6-10. But CI engines work at constant pressure and has a compression ratio of 16-20. In four stroke engines, one power
More informationINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
1 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DIVISON OF THERMAL AND ENERGY CONVERSION By Desta Lemma (BSc, MSc) Introduction
More informationBthird, or power stroke by the expanding gases. As the
third, or power stroke by the expanding gases. As the piston reaches DC it enters the fourth cycle. The exhaust valve opens and the piston rises forcing burned gases from the combustion chamber in what
More informationCHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS.
CHECK OUT OUR WEBSITE SOME TIME FOR PLENTY OF ARTICES ABOUT SELF DEFENSE, SURVIVAL, FIREARMS AND MILITARY MANUALS. http://www.survivalebooks.com/ Thank you for purchasing our ebook package. US ARMY LIGHT
More informationThe Basics of Four-Stroke Engines
Youth Explore Trades Skills Description Students will be introduced to basic engine parts, theory and terminology. Understanding how an engine works and knowing some key related parts and terminology is
More informationSNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Department of Automobile Engineering
SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institution) Department of Automobile Engineering ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-16 FIFTH SEMESTER AU 302 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE COMPONENTS DESIGN UNIT 2 CYLINDER, PISTON & CONNECTING
More informationDiesel Engine Fundamentals Part 2 Course# ME406
Diesel Engine Fundamentals Part 2 Course# ME406 EZpdh.com All Rights Reserved Diesel Engine Fundamentals DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 DIESEL ENGINES Air Intake System Because a diesel engine requires close tolerances
More informationEngine Project. These engines are typically used in lawn mowers, snow blowers, go-carts, etc
Engine Project Your team is going to dissect and assemble a 3.5 HP single cylinder, 4 cycle engine, made by Briggs and Stratton in Milwaukee, Wisconsin These engines are typically used in lawn mowers,
More informationPractical Exercise for Instruction Pack 2. Ed Abdo
Practical Exercise for Instruction Pack 2 By Ed Abdo About the Author Edward Abdo has been actively involved in the motorcycle and ATV industry for over 25 years. He received factory training from Honda,
More informationInternal Combustion Engines
Introduction Lecture 1 1 Outline In this lecture we will learn about: Definition of internal combustion Development of the internal combustion engine Different engine classifications We will also draw
More informationHAYNES ASSEMBLY MANUAL
Age range 10+ HAYNES ASSEMBLY MANUAL HM04R Haynes Build Your Own Internal Combustion Engine HM04R Haynes Build Your Own Internal Combustion Engine Kit Haynes Publishing 2015 All rights reserved. No part
More informationService Advisor Customer Service Skills SERVICE ADVISOR. Technical for Non-technical - Engines INDUCTION
Service Advisor Customer Service Skills SERVICE ADVISOR Technical for Non-technical - Engines INDUCTION Objectives Welcome to the technical for non-technical modules. We will discuss engines, transmissions
More informationSIDEWINDER COURSE PREREQUISITE MANUAL
SIDEWINDER COURSE PREREQUISITE MANUAL The S&S engine class is designed for the seasoned tech or shop owner. A certain level of knowledge and understanding is required for your success. We will be covering
More informationLecture 5. Abnormal Combustion
Lecture 5 Abnormal Combustion Abnormal Combustion The Abnormal Combustion:- When the combustion gets deviated from the normal behavior resulting loss of performance or damage to the engine. It is happened
More informationThe 4 Stroke Diesel Cycle
The 4 Stroke Diesel Cycle Nickolaus Otto invented the 4 stroke cycle in 1862. More details of how the four stroke spark ignition cycle works, together with pictures of Otto's first engines can be found
More informationSensors & Controls. Everything you wanted to know about gas engine ignition technology but were too afraid to ask.
Everything you wanted to know about gas engine ignition technology but were too afraid to ask. Contents 1. Introducing Electronic Ignition 2. Inductive Ignition 3. Capacitor Discharge Ignition 4. CDI vs
More informationApproved by AICTE, Government of India & affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow Department of Mechanical Engineering
Experiment No. - 1 Object: Study and working of four stroke petrol engine. Apparatus Required: S. No. Name of Apparatus Specifications Model of Four stroke petrol engine NA Figure 1: Working of four stroke
More informationD etonation in Light Aircraft
D etonation in Light Aircraft Yes it s true, the topic of pre-ignition and detonation has been previously written about in grueling detail. However, almost every article published on the subject broaches
More informationSection 2 ENGINES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE DESIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS
Section 2 ENGINES CHAPTER 9 F P O AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE DESIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS OBJECTIVES Describe the various ways in which engines can be classified. Explain what takes place during each stroke of the four-stroke
More informationTECHNICAL MANUAL ORGANIZATIONAL, DIRECT SUPPORT AND GENERAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE MANUAL (INCLUDING REPAIR PARTS LIST AND SPECIAL TOOLS LIST) FOR
TECHNICAL MANUAL ORGANIZATIONAL, DIRECT SUPPORT AND GENERAL SUPPORT MAINTENANCE MANUAL (INCLUDING REPAIR PARTS LIST AND SPECIAL TOOLS LIST) FOR CRANE, TRUCK MOUNTED HYDRAULIC 25 TON (CCE) GROVE MODEL TM
More informationDOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK MECHANICAL SCIENCE Volume 1 of 2
DOE-HDBK-1018/1-93 JANUARY 1993 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK MECHANICAL SCIENCE Volume 1 of 2 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release;
More informationMGA Twin Cam Engine Assembly.
MGA Twin Cam Engine Assembly. The following article is a collection of notes of things to be observed in the assembling of MGA Twin Cam engines. To be read in conjunction with the Workshop Manual. It does
More informationSOHC ENGINE MECHANICAL
SECTION 1B SOHC ENGINE MECHANICAL CAUTION: Disconnect the negative battery cable before removing or installing any electrical unit or when a tool or equipment could easily come in contact with exposed
More informationWEEK 4 Dynamics of Machinery
WEEK 4 Dynamics of Machinery References Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, J.J.Uicker, G.R.Pennock ve J.E. Shigley, 2003 Prof.Dr.Hasan ÖZTÜRK 1 DYNAMICS OF RECIPROCATING ENGINES Prof.Dr.Hasan ÖZTÜRK The
More informationPage 1 of 9 303-01C Engine 6.0L Diesel 2004 F-Super Duty 250-550/Excursion DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Procedure revision date: 08/06/2003 Engine Printable View Engine Description The 6.0L diesel engine
More informationSECTION D Engine 6.0L Diesel
303-01D-i Engine 6.0L Diesel 303-01D-i SECTION 303-01D Engine 6.0L Diesel CONTENTS PAGE DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Engine... 303-01D-2 303-01D-2 Engine 6.0L Diesel 303-01D-2 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Engine
More informationDesign and Fabrication of Compressed air powered Six Stroke Engine
Design and Fabrication of Compressed air powered Six Stroke Engine Lovin Varghese 1*, T. Savio Jojo 2 Eldhose Paul 3, Ajo Issac John 4, Arun Raphel 5 1,3,4,5 Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical engineering
More informationHenry Ford (July 30, April 7, 1947)
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 - April 7, 1947) Have you ever heard of a car called the Ford? I bet you know someone who has one like the Explorer, Windstar, Expedition, Contour, Mustang, or Tempo. Those are
More informationEmission from gasoline powered vehicles are classified as 1. Exhaust emission 2. Crank case emission 3. Evaporative emission. Table 1.
Introduction: Main three types of automotive vehicle being used 1. Passenger cars powered by four stroke gasoline engines 2. Motor cycles, scooters and auto rickshaws powered mostly by small two stroke
More informationDiesel Engine Power Plants
Diesel Engine Power Plants Energy Conversion Engineering Diesel Engine Power Plants Introduction Diesel electric plants are generally available in the range of 2 to 50 MW capacity and they can be used
More informationMECHANISM: TRANSMISSION THE TYPE OF INPUT MOVEMENT IS THE SAME AS THE OUTPUT TRANSFORMATION THE MECHANISM TRANSFORMS THE TYPE OF MOVEMENT
MECHANISM: The mechanisms are elements intended to transmit and transform forces and movements from an INPUT element (motor) to an OUTPUT element. Types of movements: Rotary Motion -this is motion in a
More informationKul Internal Combustion Engine Technology. Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5
Kul-14.4100 Internal Combustion Engine Technology Definition & Classification, Characteristics 2015 Basshuysen 1,2,3,4,5 Definitions Combustion engines convert the chemical energy of fuel to mechanical
More informationCH. 48 ENGINE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS TEST
TERRY FOX AUTOMOTIVE CH. 48 ENGINE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS TEST WHEN YOU ARE DONE THIS TEST GUESS WHAT YOU THINK YOU WILL RECEIVE FOR A MARK BELOW. IF YOU ARE WITHIN 2 MARKS YOU WILL RECEIVE 2 BONUS MARKS.
More informationTask 4: Read the texts, look at the illustrations and do the activities below.
Task 4: Read the texts, look at the illustrations and do the activities below. 4 BASIC OPERATIONS The Induction Stroke On the induction stroke, the inlet valve opens and the piston, moving down, creates
More informationunit 10 lubricating systems
FUEL TANK unit 10 lubricating systems An engine needs oil between its moving parts. The oil keeps the parts from rubbing on each other. When the parts do not rub on each other they do not wear out as quickly.
More informationChapter 40: Engines and motors
Chapter 40: Engines and motors Dr. Bassam A. Tayeh Engineering Technical English Islamic University of Gaza April, 2017 Contents A. Types and functions of engines and motors B. Internal combustion engines
More informationENGINE MECHANICAL EM SECTION CONTENTS
ENGINE MECHANICAL EM SECTION CONTENTS INTAKE MANIFOLD...EM-2 Component Parts Location...EM-2 Removal and Installation...EM-3 Inspection...EM-3 EXHAUST MANIFOLD...EM-4 Component Parts Location...EM-4 Removal
More informationDiesel Power Generating Plants. Introduction
Diesel Power Generating Plants Introduction Steve Mackay Dean of Engineering Worked for 30 years in Industrial Automation 30 years experience in mining, oil and gas, electrical and manufacturing industries
More informationCombustion engines. Combustion
Combustion engines Chemical energy in fuel converted to thermal energy by combustion or oxidation Heat engine converts chemical energy into mechanical energy Thermal energy raises temperature and pressure
More informationIntroduction to Aerospace Propulsion
Introduction to Aerospace Propulsion Introduction Newton s 3 rd Law of Motion as the cornerstone of propulsion Different types of aerospace propulsion systems Development of jet engines Newton s Third
More informationName Date. True-False. Multiple Choice
Name Date True-False T F 1. Oil film thickness increases with an increase in oil temperature. T F 2. Displacement is the volume that a piston displaces in an engine when it travels from top dead center
More informationSELECTION OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS. Pierre Duysinx LTAS Automotive Engineering Academic Year
SELECTION OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS Pierre Duysinx LTAS Automotive Engineering Academic Year 2015-2016 1 Bibliography R. Bosch. «Automotive Handbook». 5th edition. 2002. Society
More informationTHE T IN DETAIL
STEP 37 THE T-34-85 IN DETAIL The B-2 [Kharkiv model V-2] engine consisted of a crankcase; two cylinder blocks; a crank rod mechanism; transmission; power system; lubricating, cooling and starting mechanisms.
More informationSix Stroke Engine ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION
Six Stroke Engine Shweta Kandari AND Ishant Gupta DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEERING DRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MAHAMAYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Noida. ABSTRACT The quest for an engine which having
More informationDesign and Development Of Opposite Piston Engine
ISSN (Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Volume 3, Special Issue 3, March 2014 2014 IEEE International Conference
More informationMSA BRITISH TOURING CAR CHAMPIONSHIP
MSA BRITISH TOURING CAR CHAMPIONSHIP HOMOLOGATION FORM FOR NGTC ENGINE Manufacturer FORD Manufacturer Designation Mountune Valid From 01-Jun-11 Engine General Number of cylinders 4 Arrangement I Stroke
More informationTHERMAL ENGINEERING. SHIBIN MOHAMED Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Al Ameen Engineering College.
THERMAL ENGINEERING SHIBIN MOHAMED Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Al Ameen Engineering College Al- Ameen Engg. College 1 Steam Engine: Definition A steam engine is a heat engine that converts
More information