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1 Disclaimer: This presentation has been produced in the context of a seminar/conference organized with the assistance of the European Union. It reflects the views only of the author, and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use, which may be made of the information contained therein. The contents of this presentation are the sole responsibility of the author and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union or the European Union Academic Programme Hong Kong.

2 Clean Air in Ports Malte Siegert, Head of Environmental Policy NABU Hamburg Urban Innovations: Hamburg-Hong Kong Dialogue, Monday, October 12th 2015

3 NABU e.v. (Germany) German Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union Founded in members and donors Member of Birdlife International 2

4 Why Act? Air Pollution in Europe 90% of people living in European cities exposed to harmful air pollution levels EU: 400,000 premature deaths p. a. due to poor air quality 50,000 premature death in EU due to international shipping 3

5 Air Pollution: Why Act? Environment Health Climate 4

6 Health / Health Costs cardio-vascular desease, asthma, bronchitis, cancer, Alzheimer EU health costs: 760 billion due to bad air quality 5

7 Health / Health Costs Results: Diesel more particles than HFO HFO emissions high concentrations of toxic compounds Conclusion: Installation of DPF Source: 6

8 Environmental Damage Acid rain Declining forests Acidification of soils Damage to plant vegetation Eutrophication of fresh water bodies, soils and coastal areas Wikimeia/BDK 7

9 Consequences for the Climate Soot contributes to atmospheric warming, lowers reflection capacity of snow and ice Source: EPA BC responsible for 40% of arctic warming Olaf Otto 8 Becker

10 Background: EU Legislation Olaf Otto 9 Becker

11 EU Legislation: Single Emitters 10

12 EU Ambient Air Quality Directive (AQD 2008/50/EC) No Ultrafine Particles (PM 0.1) 11

13 EU National Emission Ceilings Directive (NEC 2001/81/EC) sulphur dioxides nitrogen dioxides volatile organic compounds Ammonia Emission reduction targets too low Postponement to

14 ECA / SECA Source: cruisetricks.de Source: theloadstar.co.uk 13

15 EU: Sulphur Limits Truck 0,001 % SECA (ECA) 0,1 % EU-Ports (since 2010) 0,1 % Open Sea 3,5 % Source: kittiwake.com 14

16 Control / Compliance: River Elbe Source: Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency 15

17 NABU Air Quality Projects Shipping & Ports 16

18 NABU Air Quality Projects Shipping & Ports Cruise Ship Campaign EU LIFE + Clean Air in Ports Containership Campaign 17

19 NABU: Cruise Ship Campaign 18

20 NABU: Cruise Ship Campaign Umbrella EU-Project: Sootfree for the Climate - NABU: Cruise Ship Campaign 19

21 Why Cruise Ship Business? Public attention (soft target) 2011: Cruise Ships without any exhaust treatment 2014: Germany leading European Market 20

22 An Attractive Cruise Destination: Hamburg 2006: 60 calls (< visitors), 1 Terminal 2014: 180 calls (> visitors), 3 Terminals 21

23 NABU: Cruise Ship Ranking

24 NABU: Cruise Ship Ranking

25 NABU: Cruise Ship Campaign Success beyond legislation First Cruise Ships equipped with DPF and SCR (e.g. AIDA, TUI-Cruises) More exhaust treatment installed or LNG in the future (horizon 2020) 2 OPS options for Cruise Ships in Hamburg 24

26 NABU: Containership Campaign Producers / Manufactures Logistic Chain Customer 25

27 NABU: EU-funded LIFE+ Project Clean Air in Ports 26

28 NABU: EU LIFE+ Project Clean Air in Ports 6 Conferences / workshops Contribution to several events (e.g. Green Ports Congress , IAPH World Ports Congress) Manual Clean Air in Ports ( 27

29 NABU: EU LIFE+ Project Clean Air in Ports Stakeholders Administrations Port authorities High sea shipping companies Terminal operators Logistic companies Industry Public transport Utilities Scientists 28

30 WikimediDK Current Challenges in Ports Sulphur Doxides (SOx) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Particulate Matter (PM) Black Carbon(BC) From: NRMM, Street, Rail, Terminals, Ships, Inland Ships Environment Olaf Otto Becker 29

31 WikimediDK Air Pollution in Ports Sources Ships Port Machinery Inland Ships Trucks / Cars Locomotives Environment Source: Hamburg Air Quality Plan 30

32 Clean Air in Ports : Options for Ports 31

33 Emission Inventory Port of LA Emission Inventory 32

34 Emission Inventory Port of LA Emission Inventory 33

35 Non Road Mobile Machines (NRMM) 34

36 Non Road Mobile Machines (NRMM) Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGV) PoLB, HH, RO Hydrogen fork lift (MSC Antwerp) LNG-driven fork lift Diesel/electric drives (container bridges, cranes, van carrier) E-Mobility for harbor operation Filter systems 35

37 Street related Traffic 36

38 Street related Traffic Port Road Management: Smart Port Logistics, Hamburg Port Authority Clean Truck Programme Port of LA and Port of Long Beach ehighway / Siemens Incentives for measures beyond regulation 37

39 Rail Services 38

40 Rail Services Partikel filter for diesel lokomotives Electrification Hybrid-Systems Light waggons (HHLA -30% weight) 39

41 Ocean Shipping 40

42 Ocean Shipping (Ports) LNG-supply LNG Power-Barge or Power-Pack Onshore Power Supply (OPS) 41

43 Ocean Shipping (Ships) Marine Diesel LNG, Methanol, Ethanol, Hydrogen, Hybrid, E-Ship, Wind-Ship DPF and SCR OPS-ready 42

44 Port of Hamburg Olaf Otto 43 Becker

45 Port of Hamburg Olaf Otto 44 Becker

46 Port of Hamburg: smartport Olaf Otto 45 Becker

47 The Ideal Port Olaf Otto 46 Becker

48 Summary Best Practice Ships Ecological port fees, restrictions, LSF, slow steaming, OPS NRMM Incentives for / demand diesel particulate filters Alt. energies / technologies Efficiency measures Trucks Incentives for clean trucks / ban dirty trucks Optimize traffic flow Optimize arrival / departure Terminals AGV, solar, wind turbines Olaf Otto 47 Becker

49 NABU Publication: Clean Air in Ports Olaf Otto 48 Becker

50 Take Home Message Air pollution in ports is a serious problem Many best practice examples, too little implementation More national and international regulation needed More control (compliance) Olaf Otto 49 Becker

51 Thank you! NABU Hamburg Malte Siegert Head of Environmental Policy Tel. +49 (0)

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