Energy Crops and Co-Products in the Region --- What does is mean?

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1 Energy Crops and Co-Products in the Region --- What does is mean? WA/OR Green Pea Association Annual Meeting Elk Lodge Milton-Freewater February 13, 2007 Don Wysocki Extension Soil Scientist Oregon State University Agricultural Research Center Pendleton, Oregon

2 Outline Processes Starch/sugar ethanol Cellulosic ethanol Biodiesel Proposed Capacities WA/OR Consequences Adjustments

3 Energy from Crops Biofuels Ethanol Starch Ethanol Lignocellulosic Ethanol Biodiesel

4 Fuel Gasoline Diesel Ethanol Biodiesel Energy Balance Net Energy difference percent percent 34 percent 220 percent Economic Research Service Report 814 (2002)

5 Daily Petroleum Usage Product (2001) Gasoline Diesel/Distillate Oregon Gallons x 10 6 /day Washington Energy Information Administration

6 Ethanol Production Starch to Ethanol Grain (Corn, Barley, Wheat, Potato) Energy ratio of

7 Two Types of Ethanol Mills protein

8 Dry-Milling Average Yield Per Bushel Ethanol 2.7 gal. DDGS 18 lb CO2 18 lb Federal Tax Credit = $0.51/gallon

9 100 in operation US Ethanol Plants 40 in construction = 1.8 Billion gallons?? Proposed

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11 (BGPY)

12 North American DDG Production Metric To , ,000 1,800,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 7,000,000 9,000, Est 2006

13 Cellulosic Ethanol

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15 Oil Crushing Cold Crushing Yields % Oil % Meal

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19 US Biodiesel Market 35 Biodiesel plants operating, 50 under development 2004 Sales > 25 million gallons 2006 > 200 million gallon increase in Capacity January $1/gallon Tax incentive

20 Gel Point of Biodiesels Lard Tallow Corn Soybean Palm Sunflower Rapeseed F

21 Washington Ethanol Location/Owner/stage Plymouth (Pacific Ethanol), permit Moses Lake (Global Ethanol) permit Finley (Columbia Renewable Energy) permit Wallula (Financing from India) Vancouver (Great Western Malting) Tokio (Premier Bio Energy) permit Longview, (US Ethanol) constructing, 2008 Moses Lake (Liquefaction Corporation) permit Capacity MGY Feedstock Corn? Corn? Corn? Corn Barley? Corn? Corn?

22 Washington Biodiesel Facility Seattle (Seattle Biodiesel) operational Creston (Columbia BioEnergy, LLC) operational Grays Harbor (Imperium Renewable/Seattle Biodiesel) 50% complete, 2007, Paul Allen Burbank (NorthWest BioFuels Inc.) (SEPA submitted) *Port of Warden (Washington Biodiesel) $380,780 in permittng Port of Sunnyside/Natural Selection Farms, Air permit complete Tacoma (Baker Commodity) Tacoma (Sound Refining) - 30 MGY (proposed) *Spokane (Spokane Conservation District) $853,871(planning) Mount Vernon (Whole Energy) financing complete *Odessa (Fred Fleming) - $848,102 Columbia County (Pacific AgriEnergy) Moses Lake (Adrian Higgenbotham) Columbia Bio Energy MGY feedstock soy soy palm?? canola canola recycle oil? Brassica?? Brassica Brassica

23 Oregon Ethanol Location/Owner/stage Boardman, Pacific Ethanol Stanfield, Inland Pacific Ethanol Oregon Ethanol Altra Ethanol EXL III Ethanol St. Helens, Cascade Grain Ontario, Treasure Valley Renew. Res. Capacity MGY Feedstock Corn Corn Corn Corn Corn Corn Barley/wheat

24 Oregon Biodiesel Facility Inland Biodiesel Inland Pacific Biodiesel Altra Biodiesel EXL III Biodiesel MGY feedstock soy canola canola soy

25 Washington and Oregon Combined Ethanol & Biodiesel State Washington Ethanol MGY 447 Biodiesel MGY 260 Oregon Total

26 Calculations for 100 MGY 100 MGY Plant Feedstock tons Acres Meal tons Cows Glycerin gallons Canola Biodiesel 1800#/A 900,000 1,000, , ,000 10,000,000 Corn Ethanol 150 bu/a 1,037, , , ,000 Soy Biodiesel 50 bu/a 1,800,000 1,250,000 1,080,000 1,140,000 10,000,000

27 Combined Ethanol & Biodiesel Facility Washington Oregon Total Ethanol MGY Biodiesel MGY MGY Plant Feedstock tons Acres Meal tons Cows Glycerin gallons Canola Biodiesel 1800#/A 900,000 1,000, , ,000 10,000,000 Corn Ethanol 150 bu/a 1,037, , , ,000 Soy Biodiesel 50 bu/a 1,800,000 1,250,000 1,080,000 1,140,000 10,000,000

28 Oregon Production Scale Plant /Size Tons Acres DDGS/ Meal tons Cows Ethanol 30M 360,000 85, ,000 60,000 Biodiesel 10M 100, , ,000

29 Summary Biofuels can only supply a small portion of current petroleum needs All proposed Biofuel plants will probably not be contstructed. Cellulosic Ethanol does not appear environmentally or logistically feasible in lower rainfall area < 15 annual prec.

30 Summary Proposed Plant Capacities for feedstock's are 10 to 20 X capacity of regional production Byproduct production is 10x or more the capacity of the region s s use. Capacities beyond the Oregon Scale will require import/export of feedstock and byproducts. REGIONAL OILSEED Production and Processing

31 Fatty Acids

32 Trans Fats

33 Essential Fatty Acids

34 Canola Oil Saturated mono-unsat. poly-unsat. 7% 55% 33% Sunflower Oil 10% 20% 66% Corn Oil 13% 24% 59% Soybean Oil 14% 23% 58% Palm Oil 49% 37% 9% Beef Fat 50% 42% 4% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

35 FDA Food Label Change