Electronics control unit (ECU) for dual fuel HCCI Engine

Transcription

1 Electronics control unit (ECU) for dual fuel HCCI Engine Manoj P. Gaikwad 1 and Prof. R. T. Patil 2 1 Student, E&Tc Dept, RIT, Islampur 2 Professor, E&Tc Dept, RIT, Islampur Abstract now a day s uses of cars (vehicles) are increased rapidly. Vehicles are being to uses large amount of fuels throughout the world. The stock of nonrenewable resources are decreasing rapidly so the Energy saving is more imported. Also currently whole world is facing a serious problem of global warming. To overcome these problems HCCI engine is prefer. HCCI engine work on dual fuel renewable resources (ethanol, methanol etc.) and diesel. So uses of fuels are reduced as well as emission of pollution also reduced. In this paper ECU is designed for dual fuel HCCI engine. ECU sense engine temperature, engine speed(rpm), crank shaft position etc. and control engine parameters that fuel injector, injection duration to run the engine to its efficient operation. Controlling fuels injection timing and engines other parameter. Keywords Engine Control Unit (ECU), Dual fuel HCCI Engine, Electronic control unit, Electronic, SI Engine, ECM. I. INTRODUCTION Now a days it is need of time to use available energy sources efficiently because the fossil fuels are being consumed very rapidly, so the energy saving itself is the energy creation. Especially large amount of fossil fuels are being used for an automobile throughout the world. So high fuel efficiency of an automobile definitely will result in saving of large amount of fossil fuels. Global warming is very big problem in front of all of us. The exhaust gases from the various vehicles make pollution. The vehicle emits various gases like as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), soot particles, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydro carbons (HC) etc. This exhaust gases make effects on human health as well as environment. Homogenous charge combustion ignition (HCCI) engines is the best option we have minimize the uses of diesel. It includes mixing of fuel and air earlier to enter in cylinder which occurs in latest spark ignition engine, after this igniting air-fuel mixture through process of compression which is done on present diesel engines. In 2012 HCCI engines are categorized in light duty vehicle. Half million barrels of oil per day can be saved by using these types of engine. As per necessity of reduction in universal fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission there is strong attention on HCCI engine. In present work, ECU used to drive the injector to inject fuel into the combustion chamber. Crankshaft sensors give required information to microcontroller where is the position of piston present (TDC/BDC). Crankshaft sensor give exact position of piston. This information is very important to microcontroller to inject the fuel in to the chamber with the help of electronic injector. It is high pressure injector. It required high pressure to inject the fuel into the combustion chamber. A. Simulation Model Accuracy: GT-POWER has used for recognizing its high degree of accuracy in predicting the behavior of complex engine related phenomena. At its core, the GT-POWER solver is based on the 1D solution of the fully unsteady, nonlinear Nervier-Stokes equations. Beyond this core lie state of the phenomenological and thermodynamic model solvers to identify the effects of heat All Rights Reserved 470

2 combustion, evaporation, in-cylinder motion and turbulence, and engine and tailpipe out emissions, to name just a few. This combination of solvers provides for unmatched model accuracy for both macro level quantities such as torque, bsfc, airflow, etc., as well as detailed micro level quantities such as crank angle resolved cylinder pressure resulting from multi-pulse injection strategies, as well as emission species concentrations anywhere in the system. II. ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENT ECU consists of pic18f4550 microcontroller, Hall Effect sensor (speed sensor, crankshaft sensor) injector drivers, pressure sensor, oxygen sensor and temperature sensor. A. Pic18f4550 Microcontroller Pic18f4550 microcontroller has 13 pins Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter in built module for the 40 pin devices. It convert 10 bit digital number from the analog input signal given to the input pin of microcontroller. It compatible for USB v2.0 for usb high precision PLL with four crystal modes. Microcontroller has variable input frequencies 32 KHz to 8 MHz internal oscillator select block and also 48 MHz two external clock modes. Microcontroller has four timer modules those are timer0 to timer3. B. Sensors For the ECU to respond correctly to the engine s condition it must rely on an array of sensors. These sensors provide information on temperatures, speed and position. The flow of information from the sensors to the ECU. C. Hall Effect Sensor (Speed Sensor/ crankshaft position sensor) It has three wires one for ground, one for supply voltage or reference voltage and one for output signal. The Engine Speed Sensor finds the engine s current angular speed, in RPM (Revolutions per Minute) and give the information to the ECU. Hall Effect sensor find position of engine crankshaft with the help of 12 magnetized cog teeth. Shown in fig 1. Figure: 1 Engine Speed Sensor The Hall voltage is then amplified and sent through a comparator so that we obtain a pulse at the sensor s output pin every time one of the cog s teeth passes near the sensor s surface. When reaching the ECU, the voltage output of the sensor is too high to be placed directly on the PIC s pins. D. Sensor pressure sensor is measure the fuel pressure into the common rail and give information to ECU. ECU compare pressure to its idle value. With the help of this information reduces All Rights Reserved 471

3 coming engines by providing a specific amount of fuel required to inject into the engine to run in the proper manner. Injection pressure sensor is shown in the fig.3.8 it has three connection wires 5Volt reference, ground and signal line. Signal line is provide the information of pressure. It give 0.55 v to 4.55v output voltage in this minimum to maximum pressure ideal pressure is about (200 bar to 300 bar). Figure: 2. Sensor and its internal structure III. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 3 show the overall HCCI engine. ECU is control injection timing and duration. Two injectors are mounted on HCCI engine diesel injector mounted in combustion chamber and the methanol injector mounted on intake manifold. These injector are controlled by the ECU. Injection timing and duration of injection is found from the GT-POWER simulation software. Crankshaft sensor give the information of positon of the pistons in combustion chamber. Crankshaft sensor continuously monitoring position of crankshaft. Hall Effect sensor used for the crankshaft position sensor. This sensor give the digital output information to the ECU. ECU take control on the injector ON and OFF with the help of injector driver. s required high current to inject fuel in the combustion chamber. take 2ms-3ms to open the solenoid valve and it open for require time. Display Engine Speed Regulator Temperature Crankshaft Position Sensor Microcontroller 1 2 Power Supply To s Figure: 3 System Block All Rights Reserved 472

4 IV. RESULT & DISCUEEION Testing is down on development board. Crankshaft sensor output is connected to the pic microcontroller. Controller take the decision as per input signal to control injectors. Simulation output is shown in (figure 4). Input pulses applied to the controller. Figure:4 Pulse Controller generate output pulses for the injector. These outputs are finding on the simulation software (GT-POWER). Counter used for counting the input pulses and take the desired action. LCD used to indicate the speed of the engine in rpm, coolant temperature of the engine. Speed sensor give the engine speed information to controller. Temperature sensor measure engine coolant temperature. Based on the engine temperature controller decide the amount of fuel to injected into the combustion chamber. Engine temperature increase then emission of gases increases so engine temperature must be considerable for the fuel injection. Temperature is indicated on the LCD the results. Experiment Setup shown in the figure 5 and 6 on the single cylinder Engine. Figure: 5 Experiment All Rights Reserved 473

5 Sensor control valve Common Rail Figure: 6 Experiment Setup V. CONCLUSION The project is carried out using pic microcontroller for Dual fuel HCCI engine. All setup for the HCCI engine is done on the CI. System work efficiently on the simulation and also experimentally. Emission of gases are minimizes and the pollution of environment minimizes. ECU give the controlling HCCI engine parameters. Vehicles are being to use HCCI engine then amount of fossil fuels throughout the world minimizes. Improve performance of The ECU s by adding additional engine temperature, throttle variations and intake air temperature to make small improvement in the fuel injection and ignition timing. REFERENCES 1. V. Vinoth Kumar, Real Time Injection in SI Engine using Electronics Instrumentation. IJEST, Vol. 4 No.05 May Wen-Chang Tsai, Peng-Cheng YuDesign of the Electrical Drive for the High- GDI in a 500cc Motorbike Engine. IJEI volume 2, Number 1, March, A. Albrecht, O. Grondin, Ph. Moulin and G. Corde, HCCI Diesel engine control design using advance simulation with real time capabilities, Oil & Gas Science and Technology Rev. IFP, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp , Horng-Wen Wu, Ren-Hung Wang, Dung-Je Ou, Ying-Chuan Chen, Teng-yu Chen. Reduction of smoke and nitrogen oxides of a partial HCCI engine using premixed gasoline and ethanol with air. Applied Energy 88, pp , Dong-bo Yang, Zhi Wang, Jian-Xin Wang, Shi-jinShuai. Experimental study of fuel stratification for HCCI high load extension.applied Energy, 88, pp , BahramBahri,Azhar Abdul Aziz, Mahdi Shahbakhti, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said. Understanding and detecting misfire in an HCCI engine fuelled with ethanol. Applied Energy, 108, pp 24 33, Chunhua Zhang, Han Wu. Combustion characteristics and performance of a methanol fueled homologus charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine.journal of the Energy Institute, pp. 1-8, Qiang Zhang a, Menghan Li a, Sidong Shao b. Combustion process and emissions of engine fueled with directly injected natural gas and pilot diesel. Applied Energy 157, pp , Qiang Fang, Junhua Fang, JianZhuang, Zhen Huang. Influences of pilot injection and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions in a HCCI-DI combustion engine.applied Thermal Engineering 48, pp , All Rights Reserved 474