DEVELOPMENT OF DIELECTRIC SENSOR TO MONITOR THE ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL DEGRADATION
|
|
- Emory Anthony
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 S1061 DEVELOPMENT OF DIELECTRIC SENSOR TO MONITOR THE ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL DEGRADATION by Vasanthan BALASHANMUGAM * and Devaradjane GOBALAKICHENIN Department of Automobile Engineering, Anna University, M. I. T Cam pus, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, In dia Orig i nal sci en tific pa per DOI: /TSCI16S4061B Introduction Pres ent day prac tice of fol low ing fixed sched ules of oil change in ter vals could re - sult in loss for the equip ment owner, as the oil is not uti lized up-to its max i mum use - ful life. Sim i larly, the ex tended use of en gine oil be yond max i mum use ful life is of high risk, which could lead ir re vers ible and cat a strophic dam ages to en gine parts. En gine oil con di tion in di cates the con di tion of en gine parts, in any ap pli ca tion. There fore, mon i tor ing the con di tion of the oil in real time is of par a mount im por - tance. Re search ers had es tab lished that the en gine oil deg ra da tion cor re lates with change in di elec tric prop erty of the en gine oil. The im por tant fac tor to re al ize the on-line real time mon i tor ing of the changes in di elec tric prop erty of the en gine oil is, the cost of di elec tric sen sor within af ford able limit for an op er a tor. Cur rent work aims at de vel op ing such a low cost af ford able di elec tric sen sor and engine oil sam - ples (SAE 15W40 grade) were col lected from du ra bil ity test en gines used in en gine test rig and on-road ve hi cles. These sam ples were tested for phys i cal and chem i cal prop er ties. Any changes in the prop er ties, of en gine oil mon i tored,in di cate that it un der goes deg ra da tion due to us age. A pro to type of ca pac i tive type sen sor was de - vel oped and val i dated with ref er ence flu ids. The di elec tric val ues mea sured us ing proto type sen sor in the used oil sam ples show a cor re la tion with change in phys i cal prop er ties. This trend and thresh olds of di elec tric pro vides ef fec tive plat form to mon i tor the en gine oil deg ra da tion. The sen sor could be cou pled to a suit able warn - ing de vice by in cor po rat ing spe cific al go rithms. Key words: en gine oil, deg ra da tion, di elec tric con stant En gine man u fac tur ers nor mally de fine the oil change in ter vals rather than spec i fy ing the max i mum use ful life of oil. The oil change pe riod ba si cally de rived based on ap pli ca tion re - lated con sid er ations such as dif fer ent op er at ing speeds and loads, op er at ing en vi ron ment, and dif fer ent duty cy cles. The light duty cy cle and se vere duty cy cle are the two ex treme con di tions un der which the same oil is used. The change pe riod, thus pre scribed does not in di cate the ac tual con di tion of the spe cific en gine oil. The change in chem i cal or phys i cal prop er ties of the used oil can be tested in reg u lar in ter vals to mon i tor the re main ing use ful life, in a lab o ra tory. This in - cludes mea sur ing deg ra da tion in chem i cal or phys i cal prop er ties, soot per cent age (par tic u larly in Die sel en gines), wear de bris and con tam i na tion due to fuel or wa ter di lu tion. This method is a te dious, ex tremely dif fi cult, ex pen sive, and not so prac ti cal pro cess as it in volves fre quent sam - * Corresponding author; sriram_bvias@ya hoo.co.in
2 S1062 Balashanmugam, V., et al.: Development of Dielectric Sensor to Monitor the Engine... pling and test ing at lab o ra tory. Ma jor draw back of such pro ce dure is that it fails to pro vide the prior warn ing to the op er a tor about ex act end of use ful life, which is of fun da men tal need, if the oil has to be uti lized to its max i mum use ful life. There fore, mon i tor ing the con di tion of the oil, on ac tual real time op er a tion is there fore of par a mount im por tance to avoid dis card ing the oil much be fore its max i mum use full life as well as to avoid the risk of us ing de graded oil. Many re search ers re ported about ca pac i tance sen sors to mea sure the di elec tric con - stant of the en gine lu bri cat ing oil in or der to mon i tor the en gine oil deg ra da tion. The ca pac i tor sen sor has ca pa ble to mea sure the deg ra da tion de tec tion due to ox i da tion, wa ter con tam i na tion and wear par ti cle [1]. The grid ca pac i tive sen sor also used to com pute the di elec tric con stant of the lu bri cat ing oil con tam i na tion and found that the value of di elec tric con stant var ied from 6.5 to 10 pf in re la tion to the in put fre quency [2]. Agostin et al. used leaved-disc ca pac i tor to mea - sure the di elec tric con stant then cor re lated it with vis cos ity of the en gine lu bri cat ing oil [3]. The re searcher de signed a wire less send ing sys tem, which trans mits lu bri cat ing oil ca pac i tance in - for ma tion and en ergy be tween sen sor and reader for au to mo biles with a ca pac i tive sen sor [4]. Liu et al. con ducted ex per i men tal val i da tion on permittivity as a method of mea sur ing oil deg ra da tion and con firmed the change in trend be tween the permittivity and acid value, iron con tent, mois ture [5]. The ef fect of tem per a ture on di elec tric con stant of lu bri cat ing oil was stud ied by Tor rents and Areny [6]. They have showed that in the lower fre quency range, the tem per a ture co ef fi cient of the di elec tric con stant de pends on whether the oil is new or it has been used. Apart from pre vi ously mentioned sen sors, some com mer cially avail able sen sors are also ca pa ble of on line oil qual ity de tec tion by way of in ter pret ing lu bri cat ing oil di elec tric prop - erty but they are costly. In this re search work, an at tempt is made to de velop af ford able di elec tric sen sor to mon i tor the en gine oil con di tion. Engine oil degradation process As lubricants ages, they become less capable of delivering expected performance largely due to the pro gres sive dump of high amounts of sludge and in sol u ble com pounds into the oil sump. The pri mary driver for this prob lem is ox i da tion. Ox i da tion is a gen eral term used to de - scribe a com plex and se ries of chem i cal re ac tions, which dis turbs the chem i cal sta bil ity of the liq - uid and en cour ages for ma tion of new un wel come mo lec u lar spe cies within a lu bri cant sump. Ini - tially, oxidation was characterized as a chemical reaction involving oxygen. The definition has been ex panded to in clude any re ac tions in volv ing elec tron trans fer. Craft [7] de scribed the lu bri - cant oxidation as a three-stage process: Initiation, propagation, and termination [7]. Ini ti a tion stage in volved with the for ma tion of a free rad i cal, an atom or mol e cule frag - ment with one or more un paired elec trons. The big gest con trib u tor of free rad i cals is the ox y gen it self. Con tam i nants those are rich with ox y gen (air, wa ter) feeds ox y gen to the sys tem. Free rad - i cals are highly re ac tive and un-sta ble, quickly com bin ing with HC com po nents to form alkyl rad i cals and hydroperoxi-rad i cals. The prop a ga tion stage oc curs when hydroperoxi (per ox ide) rad i cals re act with the base oil or ad di tives to re gen er ate an alkyl-rad i cal (or gen er ate an al co hol and wa ter) and re start the cy cle. When high tem per a tures ex ist, the per ox ide rad i cals split and sus tain the chem i cal re ac tion. When wear de bris is pres ent, per ox ides may cat a lyt i cally split to sus tain the re ac tion, even at low tem per a tures. The prop a ga tion stage be comes autocatalytic, with the chem i cal re ac tions them selves pro vid ing the feedstock to start the next cy cle. The ter mi na tion stage oc curs when the des ig nated ox i da tion in hib i tor (an ti ox i dant) per forms its func tion. All the three stages of en gine oil deg ra da tion lead to for ma tion of acidic com po nents, which af fect the di elec tric con stant of lu bri cat ing oil as shown in fig. 1.
3 S1063 Fresh lubricating oil properties Ta ble 1 shows fresh oil prop - er ties of SAE 15W-40 grade lu - bri cat ing oil. The typ i cal value of ki ne matic vis cos ity at 100 C ranges from 14.5 to The base num ber value is 9.6 ini tially and de creases as deg ra da tion takes place. When the lower value of base num ber equals acid con - tent, it shows end of oil life. The soot level be low 4% is de sir able. Figure 1. Degradation process of engine oil En gine oil sam pling and lab testing Ta ble 1. Fresh oil prop er ties Oil 1 Oil 2 En gine oil sam ples were col lected from Properties en gines from test bed and on road ve hi cles Values Values (die sel pow ered ve hi cles) at reg u lar in ter - Grade 15W-40 15W-40 vals. These sam ples were tested as per Density, [kgm 3 ] ASTM pro ce dure and test re sults were com - Vis cos ity at 100 C, [cst] pared with thresh old lim its. The anal y sis of col lected test sam ples aimed at prog nos tic of Vis cos ity index the en gine oil brings out in ter est ing facts that Pour point, [ C] the SAE 15W-40 grade of oil used in dif fer - Flash point, [ C] ent en gines does not be have the same way. Sulphur, [wt.%] 0.32 Not traceable More over, the life of the oil does not de pend on a sin gle prop erty or fac tor un der con sid er - Base num ber ation. In stead, any prop erty that over shoots Sulphated ash. [wt.%] its limit first, de ter mines the end of life Phosphorous, [wt.%] 0.12 Not trace able though other prop er ties might be still within Zinc, [wt.%] 0.13 Not trace able their lim its. tab. 2 gives sum mary on lab test re sults of the sam ples col lected from En gine test bench. It is ob served that the use ful life of oil var ies in the sam ples de pend ing on var i ous fac tors. Ta ble 3 gives sum mary on lab test re sults of sam ples col lected from fleet ve hi cles. It is ob served that the max i mum use ful life of oil var ies in the sam ples de pend ing on the var i ous fac - tors. Such vari a tion in physio-chem i cal prop er ties of sam ples, col lected ex actly in same drain pe riod, de pends on fac tors like op er at ing tem per a ture, load cy cles, speed cy cles, wear ma - Ta ble 2. Oil anal y sis of sam ples from test bench en gines at reg u lar in ter vals En gine no. Test du ra tion [h] Sam pling fre quency [h] Con dition of oil Max life [h] Max life lim ited based on De graded 250 Vis cos ity be yond 18.5 cst and soot be yond 4% De graded 500 Sil ica reached max level of 40 ppm
4 S1064 Balashanmugam, V., et al.: Development of Dielectric Sensor to Monitor the Engine... Ta ble 3. Sum mary of oil anal y sis of sam ples from on road fleet of ve hi cles Sam ples col lected from Test du ra tion [km] Sam pling fre quency [km] Condition of oil Max life [km] Rea son for lim it ing max life Fleet Good Oil con di tion checked up to only Fleet De graded Fleet Good Fleet Good To tal base number reaches lower limit of 5 mg KOH/g Oil con di tion checked up to 6000 only te ri als, con di tion of pis ton rings/lin ers/valve seats/valve guides, in jec tor spray pat terns, in jec tor pres sure, air cleaner ef fi ciency, and so on. As such, the fixed change sched ule pre scribed in the ve hi cle does not truly re flect the en tire life, con sid er ing safe sit u a tion de pend ing on op er at ing pa ram e ters. Hence, it could be a risk in ei ther way to per mit the en gine to run for the pre scribed du ra tion of oil change pe riod, due to the fol low ing rea sons: the oil might have lost its life be fore the pre scribed pe riod (un der more se vere op er at ing conditions, which were not considered by the equipment manufacturer while validation), and the oil has been dis carded much be fore the end of use ful life. The de graded oil could lead to costly fail ures such as jour nal bear ing sei zure, pis ton ring sei zure, cam bush wear, etc. Development, validation and testing of dielectric sensor proto type The di elec tric sen sor has two co-ax ial cyl in ders, as elec trodes, which sep a rated by space or me dium and works on the prin ci ple of ca pac i tance. The me dium has cer tain di elec tric con stant. The di elec tric con stant is the mea sure of a ma te rial's in flu ence on the elec tric field. The net ca pac i tance will in crease or de crease de pend ing on the type of di elec tric ma te rial. Permittivity re lates to a ma te rial's abil ity to trans mit an elec tric field. In the ca pac i tors, an in creased permittivity al lows the same charge to be stored with a smaller elec tric field, lead ing to an in creased ca pac i tance. The value of ca pac i tance is mea sured by us - ing LCR me ter. The ca pac i tance can be stated in terms of the di elec tric con stant by Carey [8] and Baxter [9]. A co ax ial type sen - sor with in ner and outer elec trode is de vel - oped as shown in fig. 2. The di elec tric con - Figure 2. Protot type dielectric sensor stant was mea sured in ref er ence flu ids like to lu ene and co co nut oil. Ini tial er ror of Ta ble 4. Val i da tion re sult of sen sor 4-5% was ob served as shown in tab. 4. Fluid Mea sured [pf] Mea sured di elec tric Ref er ence di elec tric Er ror To lu ene % Co co nut oil % e r C C 0 where e r is the di elec tric con stant, C the ca pac i tance in far ads with di elec tric be - tween plates, and C 0 is the ca pac i tance in the ab sence of di elec tric.
5 S1065 Figure 3. Exploded view of modified sensor parts The er ror ob served was due to fringe & spac ing ef fects. A ground ter mi nal was in tro - duced to re duce fringe ef fect. A small ri fle hole of 2 mm di am e ter in in ner elec trode and lead through it was in tro duced to re duce the lead ef - fect. Di a met ric clear ance was re duced from 4mm to 2 mm be tween the elec trodes to re duce spac ing er ror. Ny lon bush ing in sleeves was in - tro duced to re duce stray ca pac i tance. The mod i - fi ca tions were done in or der to re duce er rors due to fringe ef fect, lead ef fect and spac ing ef fects [10]. With the mod i fied sen sor, the er ror was re - duced from 4 % to 1%. The mod i fied sen sor is shown in figs. 3 and 4. The ca pac i tance was mea sured for fresh lu - bri cat ing oil us ing a LCR me ter cou pled to the sen sor ground ter mi nal as shown in fig. 5. Ta ble 5 shows the vari a tions ob served with op ti mized proto type sen sor out put af ter im prove ment (1% max). Ta ble 5. Val i da tion re sult of mod i fied sensor Ref er ence fluid Di elec tric con stant (measured di elec tric) Di elec tric con stant (stan dard value) Error [%] To lu ene Co co nut oil Figure 4. Assembly view of modified sensor parts 1 inner electrode, 2 outer electrode, 3 top cover Nylon, 5 top sleeve, 6 bottom Bush Nylon, 7 bottom sleeve, 8 ground terminal, 9 negative terminal Figure 5. Test set-up for measuring dielectric constant Ta ble 6. Fresh oil prop er ties Fluid Fresh lubricating oil (SAE 15W-40) Ca pac i tance [pf] Mea sured di elec tric constant Re sults and dis cus sion The di elec tric con stant value mea sured in the fresh SAE 15W-40 en gine lu bri cat ing oil is given in tab. 6. Fur ther, the used oil sam ples col lected at var i ous ki lo me ters per hours in ter - val from bench test en gines and fleet ve hi cles were tested, us ing the sen sor. The mea sure ment re sults of di elec tric con stant and trend anal y sis of the changes in di elec tric con stant with re spect to the changes in phys i cal prop er ties (Vis cos ity, TBN, TAN, soot) as the oil un der goes deg ra da - tion, is given in tab. 7, and plot ted in sub se quent fig ures.
6 S1066 Balashanmugam, V., et al.: Development of Dielectric Sensor to Monitor the Engine... Ta ble 7. Di elec tric con stant of ve hi cle oil sam ples Vehicle 1 Oil [km] Ki ne matic vis cos ity at 100 C, cst TBN, mg KOH/g oil TAN, mg KOH/g oil Di elec tric constant Ve hi cle 2 Oil [km] Ki ne matic vis cos ity at 100 C, cst TBN, mg KOH/g oil TAN, mg KOH/g oil Di elec tric con stant Ve hi cle 3 Oil [km] Ki ne matic vis cos ity at 100 C, cst TBN, mg KOH/g oil TAN, mg KOH/g oil Di elec tric con stant Ve hi cle 4 Oil [km] Ki ne matic vis cos ity at 100 C, cst TBN, mg KOH/g oil TAN, mg KOH/g oil Di elec tric con stant Figure 6. Change in TBN, TAN, viscosity, and dielectric constant with respect to oil life (oil sample from vehicle 1) The cor re la tion trend graph of di elec tric con stant with re spect to vis cos ity, to tal base num ber (TBN) and to tal acid num ber (TAN) are shown in figs Fig ure 6, rep re sents the di - elec tric value of when vis cos ity, TBN and TAN are within lim its. This trend shows the re - main ing use ful life oil at km. Fig ure 7 shows the de ple tion of TBN and in crease in acid con tent, both meet ing at 5 mg KOH/g, which in - di cates the end of use ful life of oil. Ki ne matic vis cos ity and wear ma te ri als are still within lim - its. The di elec tric con stant in creases from 2.13 to 3.32 in a cor re la tion at the end of use ful life oil. Fig ure 8 rep re sents the di elec tric con stant
7 S1067 Figure 7. Change in TBN, TAN, viscosity and dielectric constant with respect to oil life (oil sample from vehicle 2) Figure 8. Change in TBN, TAN, viscosity and dielectric constant with respect to oil life (oil sample from vehicle 3) Figure 9. Change in TBN, TAN, viscosity and dielectric constant with respect to oil life (oil sample from vehicle 4) Figure 10. Measurement of TBN, TAN, viscosity and dielectric constant from oil sample of engine 1 value of and the vis cos ity, TBN and TAN val ues are within limit. This shows a re main ing use ful life of oil at km. Fig ure 9 shows that the TBN, TAN, and ki ne matic vis cos ity are within lim its, and the oil has still re main ing use ful life at the end of trial. The di elec tric con stant cor re la tion re mains in the range of 2.5, while acid con tent and base num ber are within lim its. The used oil sam ples col lected from test en gines were tested. The mea sure ment re sults of di elec tric con stant and trend anal y sis of the changes in di elec tric con stant with re spect to the changes in phys i cal prop er ties (vis cos ity, TBN, TAN, soot) as the oil un der goes deg ra da tion, is given in tab. 8 and plot ted in figs The trend anal y sis of di elec tric con stant with re spect to vis cos ity, TBN, TAN, and soot are shown in figs Fig ure 13 shows that sil ica con tent has al most reached the al low able limit of 40 ppm at 450 hours, while vis cos ity, TBN, and TAN was Figure 11. Change in soot [%] in oil sample from engine 1 Figure 12. Measurement of TBN, TAN, viscosity and dielectric constant from oil sample of engine 2
8 S1068 Balashanmugam, V., et al.: Development of Dielectric Sensor to Monitor the Engine... within lim its. The di elec tric con stant in creases from 2.72 to 3.88 in re la tion with the end of use - ful life of oil. Figure 13. Wear debris in ol samle (silica and ferrous) from engine 2 Con clu sions An ex ten sive oil anal y sis was done based on Tribology & Lu bri cant tech nol ogy guide on SAE 15W-40 oil with die sel en gines. The 12 in - di vid ual sam ples were taken from two test en - gines and 12 in di vid ual sam ples from four on road fleet ve hi cles. These sam ples were tested for physio-chem i cal prop er ties in lab o ra tory. The anal y sis showed that the life time is vary ing for each op er a tion de pends on dif fer ent deg ra - Ta ble 8. TAN, TBN, ki ne matic vis cos ity and di elec tric con stant of used oil sam ples from test bench en gine 1 and 2 En gine 1: oil hours Ki ne matic vis cos ity at 100 C, cst TBN, mg KOH/g TAN mg KOH/g Soot, [%] FT-IR Di elec tric constant En gine 2: oil hrs Ki ne matic vis cos ity at 100 C, cst TBN, mg KOH/g TAN mg KOH/g Di elec tric constant da tion lev els of prop er ties such as vis cos ity, to tal base num ber, to tal acid num ber, soot and con - tam i nants. A proto type sen sor was ini tially de vel oped and val i dated in ref er ence flu ids. An er - ror of 4% was ob served. The sen sor was mod i fied with re duced gap be tween the elec trodes and with ny lon in serts. The mod i fied proto type sen sor was val i dated with ref er ence flu ids and tested in fresh en gine lu bri cat ing oil. It was used to mea sure the di elec tric con stant of used oil sam ples and cor re la tion of di elec tric con stant with re spect to changes in phys i cal/chem i cal prop er ties was stud ied. The di elec tric con stant is an ef fec tive elec tri cal prop erty to mon i tor the en gine oil deg ra da tion. A low cost sen sor of this type can mea sure the di elec tric prop erty in real time sit u a tion as well as give warn ing sig nal be fore the use ful life of oil ends. Fu ture scope of work is in this di - rec tion to have it fit ted in En gines with suit able cir cuits and warn ing de vices to re al ize the po - ten tial of pro vid ing real time in di ca tion of en gine oil life. References [1] Schmitigal, J., Moyer, S., Eval u a tion of Sen sors for On-Board Die sel Oil Con di tion Mon i tor ing of U. S. Army Ground Equip ment, US Army Jour nal, 298 (2003), 8, pp. 1-6
9 S1069 [2] Raadnui, S., Used Oil Deg ra da tion Detection Sensor Development, International Journal of Applied Me - chan ics and En gi neer ing, 11 (2006), 4, pp [3] Agoston, A., et al., Vis cos ity Sen sors for Engine Oil Condition Monitoring-Application and Interpretation of Re sults, Sen sors and Ac tu a tors A, 121 (2005), 2, pp [4] Zhu, J., et al., Sur vey of Lu bri ca tion Oil Condition Monitoring, Diagnostics, and Prognostics Techniques and Sys tems, Jour nal of Chem i cal Science and Technology, 2 (2013), 3, pp [5] Liu, Y., et al., On-Line Mon i tor ing Sys tem of Ve hi cle Lu bri cants Qual ity Based on the Permittivity, Pro - ceed ings, IEEE In ter na tional Con fer ence on Mechatronics and Au to ma tion, Changchun, China, 2009, pp [6] Tor rents, J. M., Areny, R. P., Sens ing Oil Con di tion through Tem per a ture Co ef fi cient of Di elec tric Con - stant, Pro ceed ings, XVII IMEKO World Con gress, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2003 [7] Craft, J. W., De vel op ment of Interdigitated Elec trode Sen sors for Mon i tor ing the Di elec tric Prop er ties of Lu bri cant Oils, M. Sc. the sis, Au burn Uni ver sity, Al a bama, USA, 2010 [8] Carey, A. A., The Di elec tric Con stant of Lu bri cat ing Oils, 19898, DTIC [9] Baxter, L. K., Ca pac i tive Sen sors: De sign and Ap pli ca tions, in: Series on Electronics Technology, (Ed.: R. J. Her rick), IEEE Press, New York, USA, 1997 [10] Brasseur, G., De sign Rules for Ro bust Ca pac i tive Sen sors, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Mea sure ment, 52 (2003), 4, pp Paper submitted: September 13, 2015 Paper revised: January 18, 2016 Paper accepted: February 08, 2016
SX - se ries 150 SX 75-75
SX - se ries 15 SX 75-75 15SX75-75 DETA EEKTRONIKA BV Safety Instructions Caution The following safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this equipment.
More informationTargeted en gi ne e ring de sign. Hedge and Grasscutter mowers
Targeted en gi ne e ring de sign Hedge and Grasscutter mowers Fi xed di spla ce ment axial pi ston pump and mo tor swash plate design for open cir cu it One of Casappa s aims is to produce targeted engineering
More information796+<*; 4(5<(3 240 S 24 +,3;(
240 S 24 240 S 24 DELTA ELEKTRONIKA BV Safety Instructions Caution The following safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this equipment. Failure to comply
More information796+<*; 4(5<(3 ES ,3;(
ES 030-10 ES030-10 DELTA ELEKTRONIKA BV Safety Instructions Caution The following safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this equipment. Failure to comply
More informationS 280 S 6-40 S S 28-10
S 280 S 6-40 S 15-18 S 28-10 S280 - S 6-40 S 15-18 S 28-10 Safety Instructions Caution The following safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this equipment.
More informationOBSOLETE DESIGN DATA PREACTION FOAM/WATER SYSTEM USING AFFF OR ARC. March 1, Foam 30a
March 1, 2001 Foam 30a 1. DESCRIPTION A Preaction Blad der Tank Foam/Wa ter Sys tem is a stan dard preaction sys tem ca pa ble of dis charg ing a foam/wa ter so lu tion au to mat i cally through any sprin
More informationPERFORMANCE, EMISSION, AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A CI ENGINE USING LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS AND NEEM OIL IN DUAL FUEL MODE
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 923-935 923 PERFORMANCE, EMISSION, AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A CI ENGINE USING LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS AND NEEM OIL IN DUAL FUEL MODE by Palanimuthu
More information796+<*; 4(5<(3 600 S 24 +,3;(
600 S 24 600S24 DELTA ELEKTRONIKA BV Safety Instructions Caution The following safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this equipment. Failure to comply
More informationCOMBUSTION OF LIQUID FUELS FLOATING ON WATER
COMBUSTION OF LIQUID FUELS FLOATING ON WATER by Jean-Pierre GARO, Hiroshi KOSEKI, Jean-Pierre VANTELON, and Carlos FERNANDEZ-PELLO Original scientific paper UDC: 662.941.1 BIBLID: 0354-9836, 11 (2007),
More informationTECHNICAL DATA OBSOLETE
January 17, 2000 217 a HIGH PRESSURE SOLENOID VALVE Max i mum 250 PSI (1 724 kpa) 1. PRODUCT NAME High Pressure Solenoid Valve For Max i mum 250 psi (1 724 kpa) Wa ter Working Pressure 2. MANUFACTURED
More informationBENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO AT DIESEL ENGINES
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 1063-1073 1063 BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO AT DIESEL ENGINES by Radivoje B. PEŠI] a*, Saša T. MILOJEVI] b, and Stevan P. VEINOVI]
More informationCONVERSION OF DIESEL ENGINE INTO SPARK IGNITION ENGINE TO WORK WITH CNG AND LPG FUELS FOR MEETING NEW EMISSION NORMS
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 913-922 913 CONVERSION OF DIESEL ENGINE INTO SPARK IGNITION ENGINE TO WORK WITH CNG AND LPG FUELS FOR MEETING NEW EMISSION NORMS by Syed KALEEMUDDIN a and
More informationCOMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON JATROPHA OIL METHYL ESTER
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 965-977 965 COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING ON JATROPHA OIL METHYL ESTER by Doddayaraganalu Amasegoda DHANANJAYA, a* Chitrapady Visweswara
More informationES150 - se ries. 150 watts DC POWER SUP PLIES. ES V 0-10 A ES V 0-5 A ES V 0-2 A ES V ma
P.O. BOX 27 4300 AA ZIERIKZEE NETH ER LANDS TEL. +31 111 413656 FAX +31 111 416919 www.deltapowersupplies.com ES150 - se ries 150 watts DC POWER SUP PLIES ES 015-10 0-15 V 0-10 A ES 030-5 0-30 V 0-5 A
More informationSM3300-se ries. Firm ware Up date SM SM 66-AR-110 SM 100-AR-75 SM 330-AR-22 SM 660-AR-11
DELTA ELEKTRONIKA B.V. DC POWER SUPPLIES Vissersdijk 4, 4301 ND Zierikzee, the Netherlands www.deltapowersupplies.com Tel. +31 111 413656 SM3300-se ries SM 18-220 SM 66-AR-110 SM 100-AR-75 SM 330-AR-22
More informationNEW CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES FOR PAPER AND BOARD MACHINES BASED ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRINCIPLES
NEW CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES FOR PAPER AND BOARD MACHINES BASED ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRINCIPLES by Borislav JEFTENI], Saša ŠTATKI], Milan BEBI], and Leposava RISTI] Original scientific paper UDC: 676.026.23/.25
More informationSM3000-se ries SM D SM D SM D SM D SM D SM D
DELTA ELEKTRONIKA B.V. DC POWER SUPPLIES Vissersdijk 4, 4301 ND Zierikzee, the Netherlands www.deltapowersupplies.com Tel. +31 111 413656 SM3000-se ries SM 15-200 D SM 30-100 D SM 45-70 D SM 70-45 D SM
More informationSM se ries SM SM SM 70 - AR - 24 SM AR - 4
SM 800 - se ries SM 7.5-80 SM 18-50 SM 70 - AR - 24 SM 400 - AR - 4 Safety Instructions Caution The following safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this
More informationMODELING THE EFFECT OF SPRAY/WALL IMPINGEMENT ON COMBUSTION PROCESS AND EMISSION OF DI DIESEL ENGINE
THERMAL SCIENCE: Vol. 13 (2009), No. 3, pp. 23-34 23 MODELING THE EFFECT OF SPRAY/WALL IMPINGEMENT ON COMBUSTION PROCESS AND EMISSION OF DI DIESEL ENGINE by Samad JAFARMADAR, Shram KHALILARYA, Sina SHAFEE,
More informationENERGY AUDIT AND CONSERVATION POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF A LARGE COMPREHENSIVE COMMERCIAL BUILDING
S567 ENERGY AUDIT AND CONSERVATION POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF A LARGE COMPREHENSIVE COMMERCIAL BUILDING by Chunzhi ZHANG, Nianxia YUAN, and Qianjun MAO * School of Ur ban Con struc tion, Wuhan Uni ver sity
More informationSM6000-se ries SM SM SM SM SM SM SM SM
DELTA ELEKTRONIKA B.V. DC POWER SUPPLIES Vissersdijk 4, 4301 ND Zierikzee, the Netherlands www.deltapowersupplies.com Tel. +31 111 413656 SM6000-se ries SM 15-400 SM 30-200 SM 45-140 SM 60-100 SM 70-90
More informationA COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS ON STRATIFIED SCAVENGING SYSTEM OF MEDIUM CAPACITY TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
THERMAL SCIENCE: Vol. 12 (2008), No. 1, pp. 33-42 33 A COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS ON STRATIFIED SCAVENGING SYSTEM OF MEDIUM CAPACITY TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES by Srinivasa Rao PITTA
More informationTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM VEGETABLE OILS
THERMAL SCIENCE: Vol. 12 (2008), No. 2, pp. 159-169 159 Introduction TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM VEGETABLE OILS by Janahiraman KRISHNAKUMAR, V. S. Karuppannan VENKATACHALAPATHY, and
More informationENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 799-808 799 ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT by Branka GVOZDENAC-UROŠEVI] Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad,
More informationINVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF IN-VEHICLE TRANSIENTS ON DIESEL SOOT EMISSIONS. Zoran FILIPI, Jon a than HAGENA, and Hosam FATHY
THERMAL SCIENCE: Vol. 12 (2008), No. 1, pp. 53-72 53 INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF IN-VEHICLE TRANSIENTS ON DIESEL SOOT EMISSIONS by Zoran FILIPI, Jon a than HAGENA, and Hosam FATHY Orig i nal sci en tific
More informationAviStart 2501 Owner's Manual
I WARNING I! Always exercise caution and common sense when operating your AviStart system.! This product is intended for vehicles with fuel-injection and automatic transmissions only. NEVER attempt to
More informationVisible Break Load break switches can in cor po rate a visible break of all three phases.
G E N E R A L F E A T U R E S Since 1905, G&W has provided custom power solutions to utilities and electric power users around the world. G&W has a wide selection of reliable, quality switching and fault
More information3-D CFD ANALYSIS ON EFFECT OF HUB-TO-TIP RATIO ON PERFORMANCE OF IMPULSE TURBINE FOR WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION
3-D CFD ANALYSIS ON EFFECT OF HUB-TO-TIP RATIO ON PERFORMANCE OF IMPULSE TURBINE FOR WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION by Ajit THAKKER and Mohammed A. ELHEMRY Original scientific paper UDC: 532.592:621.438.1:519.876.5
More informationOwner s Manual SET-UP OPERATION MAINTENANCE. IMPORTANT: Read Safety Rules and Instructions Carefully OG-4905 PRINTED IN CANADA
Owner s Manual SET-UP OPERATION MAINTENANCE IMPORTANT: Read Safety Rules and Instructions Carefully PRINTED IN CANADA OG-4905 CALLING CUS TOMER SUP PORT LO CATE YOUR MODEL NUMBER AND SE RIAL NUMBER which
More informationSTANDARD / GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 123-S-DIFF-TB 02-16 ISO Registered Company MODEL 123-1+6+S HIGH PRESSURE VERSION DIFFERENTIAL BACK PRESSURE RELIEF REGULATOR Model 123-1+6+S is a high pressure variation of the basic
More informationPre-installation Manual. PlateWriter 3600 Pro
Pre-installation Manual PlateWriter 3600 Pro Pre-installation Manual PlateWriter 3600 Pro T11435 Edition AB, March 2016 This book has part No 10081552 0-2 This man ual is pub lished by: GLUNZ & JENSEN
More informationMODELS CA-1 & CA-2 MODEL CA-1 CA-TB TECHNICAL BULLETIN BACK PRESSURE / RELIEF REGULATOR FEATURES APPLICATIONS CAUTION
ISO Registered Company MODELS CA-1 & CA-2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN CA-TB 02-16 MODEL CA-1 BACK PRESSURE / RELIEF REGULATOR The Model CA-1 is a compact, forged Bronze body or SST barstock body back pressure regulator
More informationLow Voltage Network Quality Power factor correction Harmonic fl ickering Dynamic fl icker compensation
Power factor correction Harmonic fl ickering Dynamic fl icker compensation Products & Systems.1 ABB Inc. 888-385-1221 www.abb-control.com AC 1000-11/03 Spec Tech Industrial 203 Vest Ave. Valley Park, MO
More informationCOYOTE. Retrofit Closure. Refinement of the Breed. COYOTE Retrofit Closure. The ideal Closure for replacement or expansion 1-29
COYOTE Retrofit Closure COYOTE Closure Series: Section 1 Refinement of the Breed The ideal Closure for replacement or expansion The COYOTE Retrofi t Closure contains a ver sa tile Fiber Management System
More informationINSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL (IOM) MODEL HP-1+6+S HIGH PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL REDUCING REG U LA TOR SECTION I SECTION II
I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE The Model HP-1+6+S is a heavy duty, high pressure differential reducing regulator used to control differential pressure between downstream outlet (P 2 ) pressure and a loading
More informationMODEL 2171 CAUTION TECHNICAL BULLETIN BACK PRESSURE / RELIEF REGULATOR FEATURES APPLICATIONS. ISO Registered Company
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 2172mo 02-16 ISO Registered Company MODEL 2171 BACK PRESSURE / RELIEF REGULATOR The Model 2171 is a stainless steel back pres sure/re lief reg u la tor designed to handle small to mid-ca
More information! NEVER attempt to remote start the engine while the vehicle is in an enclosed area without sufficient ventilation.
FRONT COVER I WARNING I! Always exercise caution and common sense when operating your AviStart system.! This product is intended for vehicles with fuel-injection and automatic transmissions only. NEVER
More informationVisible Break Load break switches can in cor po rate a visible break of all three phases.
G E N E R A L F E A T U R E S Since 1905, G&W has provided custom power solutions to utilities and electric power users around the world. G&W has a wide selection of reliable, quality switching and fault
More informationBY SPORTS TUTOR OWNER S MANUAL
Introduction This manual con tains im por tant in for ma tion con cern ing the pro per use and care of your Sports Tutor Pickleball ball machine. Please read completely before operating your Pickleball
More informationYCAS AIR-COOLED LIQUID CHILLERS YCAS0373 THROUGH YCAS0653 STYLE G (R22) (50 Hz)
AIR-COOLED SCREW LIQUID CHILLERS WIRING DIAGRAM New Release Form 201.19-W3 (1104) YCAS AIR-COOLED LIQUID CHILLERS YCAS0373 THROUGH YCAS0653 STYLE G (R22) (50 Hz) TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NOMENCLATURE...
More informationSUBMERSIBLE SEWAGE PUMP RECESSED IMPELLER
Installation and Service Manual SUBMERSIBLE SEWAGE PUMP RECESSED IMPELLER Model S3HRC NOTE! To the installer: Please make sure you provide this manual to the owner of the equip ment or to the responsible
More informationPILOT S OPERATING HANDBOOK AND FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL MOONEY M20S
PILOT S OPERATING HANDBOOK AND FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL MOONEY THIS HANDBOOK IN CLUDES THE MA TE RIAL RE QUIRED TO BE FUR NISHED TO THE PI LOT BY THE FED ERAL AVIA TION REGU LA TIONS, AND CON
More informationSection 5 FIBERLIGN Hardware for OPGW
FIBERLIGN Hardware for OPGW: Section Section FIBERLIGN Hardware for OPGW Table of Contents Page Fiber Optic Product Layout for OPGW...-2 FIBERLIGN Dead-end for OPGW...-3 FIBERLIGN Formed Wire Dead-end...-6
More informationMODEL 1000HP-5 and MODEL 1000HP-36
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1000HP-CRYO-TB 02-16 ISO Registered Company MODEL 1000HP-5 and MODEL 1000HP-36 CRYOGENIC PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATORS Model 1000HP-5 and 1000HP-36 are cryogenic re duc ing regulators
More informationMODEL PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR BODY SIZES 1/4" OR 3/8" (DN8 or DN10) TECHNICAL BULLETIN 3381-TB FEATURES APPLICATIONS
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 3381-TB 05-12 MODEL 3381 PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR BODY SIZES 1/4" OR 3/8" (DN8 or DN10) The Model 3381 is an inexpensive, bronze pressure reducing regulator designed to handle small
More informationNon-Ventilated Automation Transformers 6
Non-Ventilated Automation Transformers 6 Automation Transformers - Non-Ventilated 50 VA to 45 SolaHD encapsulated transformers are rated for Hazardous Locations (Class 1, Division 2, Group A-D) as well
More informationHAZARDOUS LOCATION SUBMERSIBLE PUMP Model S4NVX (Class I, Division 1, Group C & D): FM
Installation and Service Manual HAZARDOUS LOCATION SUBMERSIBLE PUMP Model S4NVX (Class I, Division 1, Group C & D): FM NOTE! To the installer: Please make sure you provide this manual to the owner of the
More informationON-SITE WASTEWATER PROD UCTS
NOTICE TO INSTALLER: Instructions must remain with installation. FW114 87 Supesedes NEW Product information presented here re fl ects con di tions at time of publication. Consult factory regarding discrepancies
More informationDURHAM GEO SLOPE INDICATOR
SOILS S-60 Load Frame for CBR, LBR, UCC Testing ASTM* D 883, D 266 AASHTO* T 93, T 208 * See Standards Buyer's Guide at www.dgsi.info/3000. Time-proven, reliable mechanical load frame. Operator convenience
More informationMETAL-TO-METAL RAIL SYSTEM
Pump Installation and Service Manual METAL-TO-METAL RAIL SYSTEM NOTE! To the installer: Please make sure you provide this manual to the owner of the pumping equip ment or to the responsible party who maintains
More informationVentilated Distribution Transformers
Ventilated Distribution Transformers The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (H.R. 6) requires Distribution Transformers manufactured after January 1, 2007 to meet specifi c energy effi ciency requirements. EPAct
More informationAuto mo tive Cor po ra tion TC 237 TRANSFER CASE PARTS MAN UAL. Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA
Auto mo tive Cor po ra tion TC 237 TRANSFER CASE PARTS MAN UAL Fabco Automotive Corporation, Livermore, CA See Note 5 See Note 6 See Note 1 See Note 3 See Note 4 See Note 2 SERVICE PARTS LIST TRANS FER
More informationMODEL 964. PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVE 2" & 3" Size w/110 Actuator TECHNICAL BULLETIN 964-2"& 3" TB No Rev E, due to the C110 Actuator Series
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 964-2"& 3" TB 02-16 ISO Registered Company No Rev E, due to the C Actuator Series MODEL 964 PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVE 2" & 3" Size w/ Actuator The Model 964 is a globe-style, pneumatic
More informationMANUAL OPERATION. Se rial Num ber NZ and af ter. Die sel Gas o line Bat tery Electric Bi-En ergy Options
MHP14AT MHP13AT Die sel Gas o line Bat tery Electric Bi-En ergy Options Se rial Num ber NZ110108 and af ter OPERATION MANUAL Part Num ber 13618-1 August 2011 (Rev A) LIMITED WARRANTY Snorkel warrants each
More informationSolar Heat Worldwide
Solar Heat Worldwide Markets and Contribution to the Energy Supply 2007 E D I T I O N 2 0 0 9 Werner Weiss Irene Bergmann Roman Stelzer AEE INTEC AEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies A-8200 Gleisdorf,
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2015 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 29, NO 2 MARCH, 27, 2015 U.S. Pe des trian Traf fic Fa tal i ties Re main High; Most Killed at Night The Gov er
More information3" through 20" Butterfly Valves. 24" and Larger Butterfly Valves
ISO 9001 Certified 3" through 20" Butterfly Valves Scope of Line 511A Flanged 3" through 20"...3 510A Mechanical Joint 4" through 20".... 3 Design Details....4 Features and Benefits 20" and smaller...
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2015 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 29, NO 5 JUNE 26, 2015 San Fran cisco In creasing Enforcement of Vi o la tions Caus ing Traffic Congestion Dou ble
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND DESIGNING OF MACHINES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR BRIQUETTE AND PELLET MANUFACTURING BY DRY AND WET PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGNING OF MACHINES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR BRIQUETTE AND PELLET MANUFACTURING BY DRY AND WET PROCESS by Dragan MITI], Emina MIHAJLOVI], and Mirko STOJILJKOVI] Original scientific paper
More informationMODEL DA0 DO-ALL SERIES IVP PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATORS SMALL PISTON, PILOT-OPERATED DA0-TB TECHNICAL BULLETIN FEATURES APPLICATIONS
TECHNICAL BULLETIN DA0-TB 09-12 MODEL DA0 DO- SERIES IVP PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATORS SM PISTON, PILOT-OPERATED Model DA0 is a pilot-operated steam reducing regulator with a piston design. The internal
More informationA 03 T IE POMPE A INGRANAGGI SERIE APL GEAR PUMPS APL SERIES
A 03 T IE POMPE A INGRANAGGI GEAR PUMPS SERIE APL APL SERIES QUESTO CATALOGO This ca ta lo gue Co di ce Code Edi zio ne Edi tion SOSTITUISCE Re pla ce Co di ce Code Edi zio ne Edi tion A 03 T IE 07.1995
More informationVisible Break Load break switches can in cor po rate a visible break of all three phases.
G E N E R A L F E A T U R E S Since 1905, G&W has provided custom power solutions to utilities and electric power users around the world. G&W has a wide selection of reliable, quality switching and fault
More informationS3HVX Explosion-Proof Submersible Pump
Pump Installation and Service Manual S3HVX Explosion-Proof Submersible Pump (Class I, Division 1, Group D): UL (Class I, Division 1, Groups C & D): FM NOTE! To the installer: Please make sure you provide
More informationMODELS 988 and 989 GLOBE-STYLE PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVE BODY SECTION II II. REFERENCE SECTION I I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE IOM-988/
INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAIN TE NANCE MANUAL (IOM) IOM-988/989 12-16 ISO Registered Company MODELS 988 and 989 GLOBE-STYLE PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVE BODY I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE SECTION I Model 988 s
More information1,000 LB. CAPACITY TELESCOPIC TRANSMISSION JACK WITH AIR PUMP
QTJ01A 1,000 LB. CAPACITY TELESCOPIC TRANSMISSION JACK WITH AIR PUMP Address: 200 Cabel St. Louisville, KY 40206. Sales and Service: 1-877-771-5438. Fax: 502-583-5488. Website: www.qualitylifts.com SPECIFICATIONS
More informationHAZARDOUS LOCATION SUBMERSIBLE GRINDER PUMP
Installation and Service Manual HAZARDOUS LOCATION SUBMERSIBLE GRINDER PUMP Model HPGX200 (Class I, Division 1, Groups C & D): FM NOTE! To the installer: Please make sure you provide this manual to the
More informationMODELS S4LX, S4BX, S4KX, S4QX, H4QX, S4LVX, S6AX, S6LX and S8FX
SLX MODELS SLX, SBX, SKX, SQX, HQX, SLVX, SAX, SLX and SFX (Class I, Division, Groups C & D): FM HAZARDOUS LOCATION SUBMERSIBLE PUMP INSTALLATION AND SERVICE MANUAL NOTE! To the installer: Please make
More informationOWNER S MANUAL. ZOELLER HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENT PUMPS (For Class 1, Division 1, Groups C & D Applications) Explosion Proof Motors
NOTICE TO INSTALLER: Instructions must remain with installation. Product information presented here re fl ects con di tions at time of publication. Consult factory re gard ing dis crep an cies or in con
More informationINSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL (IOM) MODEL B7 BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR. SECTION l
INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL (IOM) IOM-B7 03/16 ISO Registered Company MODEL B7 BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE The Model B7 is a back pressure regulator used to control
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2016 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 30, NO 1 FEB RU ARY 29, 2016 Dis turb ing Trends in High way Safety in the U.S.A. Traf fic Fatal i ties Increase
More informationMETAL-TO-METAL RAIL SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND SERVICE MANUAL
METAL-TO-METAL RAIL SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND SERVICE MANUAL NOTE! To the installer: Please make sure you provide this manual to the owner of the equip ment or to the responsible party who maintains the
More informationIn terim guide lines for primes and stone precoating fluids
In terim guide lines for primes and stone precoating fluids Manual 6 November 006 Pub lished by Sabita Postnet Suite 56 Pri vate bag X Howard Place 7450 ISBN 8749689 Manu als pub lished by Sabita Man
More informationTRANSESTERIFICATION FOR THE PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM CRUDE-OIL OF PONGAMIA PINNATA. A. Veeresh BABU, B. V. Appa RAO, and P.
THERMAL SCIENCE: Vol. 13 (2009), No. 3, pp. 201-206 201 TRANSESTERIFICATION FOR THE PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM CRUDE-OIL OF PONGAMIA PINNATA by A. Veeresh BABU, B. V. Appa RAO, and P. Ravi KUMAR Orig
More informationPERFORMANCE & HEAT CONTROL PRODUCTS
2006 PERFORMANCE & HEAT CONTROL PRODUCTS Often copied, never equaled. The saying goes that Imitation is the sincerest form of fl attery. If that s true, then Thermo-Tec has been receiving compliments for
More informationStair clim bing sys tem. Trans la ti on of the ori gi nal user s ma nu al. s-max sel la
Stair clim bing sys tem Trans la ti on of the ori gi nal user s ma nu al s-max sel la GB CE De cla ra ti on of con for mi ty The com pa ny AAT Al ber An triebs tech nik GmbH he re with de cla res that
More informationMODEL 964. PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVE 1/2" - 2" Size w/c27 or C53 Actuator TECHNICAL BULLETIN 964-TB FEATURES APPLICATIONS. ISO Registered Company
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 02-16 ISO Registered Company MODEL 964 PNEUMATIC CONTROL VALVE 1/2" - 2" Size w/ or Actuator The Model 964 is a globe-style, pneumatic control valve for general plant utility services.
More informationStair Clim bing Sys tem. Trans la ti on of the ori gi nal user s ma nu al. S-max
Stair Clim bing Sys tem Trans la ti on of the ori gi nal user s ma nu al S-max GB CE De cla ra ti on of con for mi ty The com pa ny AAT Al ber An triebs tech nik GmbH he re with de cla res that the pro
More informationIntegrated Hydrostatic Transaxle Service and Repair Manual BLN Revision Dec. 2008
310-3000 Integrated Hydrostatic Transaxle Service and Repair Manual BLN-51259 Revision Dec. 2008 Section Hydro Gear Parts or New Units Call 606-678-9623 or 606-561-4983 Table of Contents Page Foreword...
More informationSection 7 FIBERLIGN Hardware Accessories for OPGW and/or ADSS
FIBERLIGN Hardware Accessories for OPGW and/or ADSS: Section Section FIBERLIGN Hardware Accessories for OPGW and/or ADSS Table of Contents Page ADSS CORONA Coil...-2 FIBERLIGN Cable Abrasion Protector
More informationNuclear Safety-Related and N-Stamp Butterfly Valves
Nuclear Safety-Related and N-Stamp Butterfly Valves Engineering Creative Solutions for Fluid Systems Since 1901 401 South Highland Avenue Aurora, Illinois 60506-5563 www.henrypratt.com phone: 630.844.4000
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2011 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 25, NO 5 JUNE 20, 2011 Ep i demic of Pe des trian Fa tal i ties In ves ti gated So lutions Recommended Calls on
More informationLIFTING CHARTS - Crawler Cranes AMERICAN MODEL TON CAPACITY
LIFTING CHARTS - Crawler Cranes AMERICAN MODEL 7260-100 TON CAPACITY 7260 1 LIFT RATINGS with 59S Tubular Chord Hammerhead and "S-S" Counterweight (49,700 lbs.) (15,150 kg.) (Feet) Feet (Pounds) Feet From
More information?zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz -! zzzzzzzzz,zzzzzzzzz. sssss?sssssss,! PATENTED JULY 21, PNEU MATIC SUSPENSION MEANS, J. H.
J. H. CLARK, PNEU MATIC SUSPENSION MEANS, APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24 1907. PATENTED JULY 21, 1908. sssss?sssssss,! S?zzzzzzzzzzzzzZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -! SN 22 222 zzzzzzzzz,zzzzzzzzz INVENTOR ZVetezrzes...
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR VOL 22, NO 22 DE CEM BER 22, 28 Ha waii, Cal i for nia to Create Electric Car Net works Will Pro vide Charg ing and Bat tery Exchange Sta tions Using Renew able Energy
More informationMODEL 4381 PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR 1/4, 3/8, or 1/2 (DN8, DN10, or DN15) Sizes
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 4381-TB 03-16 ISO Registered Company MODEL 4381 PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR 1/4, 3/8, or 1/2 (DN8, DN10, or DN15) Sizes The Model 4381 is a stainless steel pressure reducing regu la
More informationMODELS D and DL PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATORS
ISO Registered Company I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL (IOM) MODELS D and DL PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATORS SECTION I IOM-D/DL 02-16 The Model D is a pressure reducing
More informationS4 N 250 B W - 2 xxx. Isomax MCCBs. Isomax Molded case circuit breakers S1 S8
Molded case circuit breakers S1 S8 S4 N 250 B W - 2 xxx Accessories (added in alpha-numeric order) 1 A = Auxiliary Switch BA = Bell Alarm BA3 = Bell Alarm (S6/S7 only) S_ = Shunt trip with voltage code
More informationMODELS 1171 AND 2171
INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL (IOM) IOM-111/211 10/ MODELS 111 AND 211 BACK PRESSURE / RELIEF REGULATORS SECTION I I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE Models 111 and 211 are back pressure/relief regulators
More information32-055A/80-055/SE2030In stall/193 1
SE 2O3O Standard Features FACT FalseA larm Control and Test An ex clu sive and pat ented Clif ford in no va tion that ab so lutely, posi tively puts an end to re cur ring false alarms. Here's how it works:
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2011 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 25, NO 4 MAY 16, 2011 Grants to Be Is sued to Per suade Per sons to Live Close to Tran sit District of Columbia
More informationPackage Unit Modulating Economizer Installation Instructions
Package Unit Modulating Economizer Installation Instructions Downflow Unit Warning: Recognize this symbol as an indication of Important Safety Information! Read all instructions prior to installation.
More informationDESCRIPTION SINGLE PACKAGE CONVERTIBLE SERIES HEAT PUMPS FEATURES
(00 DESCRIPTION SINGLE PACKAGE CONVERTIBLE SERIES HEAT PUMPS BCCB036, 048 & 0 (8/, 4V) BECB036, 048 & 0 (575V) 3, 4 AND 5 NOMI NAL TONS (0 SEER) The series heat pumps are convertible single package units
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. MODEL UBH Tube Axial Belt Drive Upblast Roof Exhauster
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Construction Features ---------------------------------------------------------3 High Temperature and Smoke Exhaust Application -------------------------------------4 Performance
More informationSTAND ALONE ERV M-SERIES
STAND ALONE ERV M-SERIES INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS MXX-2ERV AUGUST 16, 2013 SUPERCEDES 10-26-06 ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATOR SERIES M11, M20, M28, M36, M46 & M62 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2012 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 26, NO 3 APRIL 30, 2012 Stan dard & Poor s Re port: U.S. s Ail ing Transportation In fra struc ture Suf fer ing
More informationSTAND ALONE ERV O-SERIES
STAND ALONE ERV O-SERIES INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS OXX-2ERV AUGUST 19, 2013 SUPERCEDES 10-30-06 ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATOR SERIES O11, O20, O28, O36, O46 & O62 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2016 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 30, NO 4 May 31, 2016 Real-Time Eval u ation of Transit Services Now Pos si ble App Devel oped By MIT In Col lab
More informationTrue RMS Ampstik Slip-on Ammeters
Operators Manual True RMS Ampstik Slip-on Ammeters SensorLink Operators Manual True RMS Ampstik Slip-on Ammeters Available Stock Codes: 8-020 XT 50HZ 8-020 XT 60HZ 8-020 XT EURO 8-020 XT FRG 8-022-50HZ
More informationMODEL S DIFFERENTIAL
ISO Registered Company MODEL 123-1+6+S DIFFERENTIAL BACK PRESSURE / RELIEF REGULATOR I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAIN TE NANCE MANUAL (IOM) SECTION I IOM-123 1+6+S DIFF 02-16 The
More informationTHE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR
THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2011 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 25, NO 9 NO VEM BER 30, 2011 Traffic Accidents Cost Society Nearly Three Times the Cost of Traf fic Con ges tion
More information