Contamination Handbook. For use with the Schroeder EasyTest Patch Test Kit (EPK) and TWG Fluid Analysis

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1 Contamination Handbook For use with the Schroeder EasyTest Patch Test Kit (EPK) and TWG Fluid Analysis

2

3 Table of Contents How to use this handbook.... page 4 Contamination Classification in accordance with ISO 4406: 1987/ page 5-6 Contamination Comparison Photos page 9-18 Types of Contamination....page Contamination Classification in accordance with SAE AS4059:D.... page 7 Contamination Classification in accordance with NAS / page 8 3 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

4 How to use this handbook This Contamination Handbook is supplied as part of the EasyTest TM Patch Test Kit (EPK-K) from Schroeder Industries and can also be used as reference tool for other fluid analysis projects, including estimating the ISO Cleanliness Code for water glycol fluid samples (Schroeder part number TWG). The photos found on pages 8 through 17 were taken through a 100X microscope after 100 ml of fluid was pulled through a 0.8µm patch 47 mm in diameter. These photos are also applicable for 28 ml of fluid pulled through a 0.8µm 25 mm patch and viewed under a 100x microscope. As noted on each page, the space between two neighboring scale marks is 10µm. These photos represent the various cleanliness levels identified for each respective photograph. To determine the general contamination class level of fluid sample in question, the residue on the resulting patch is compared to that seen in the photos on pages 8 through 17. The closest match will reveal the estimated contamination level of the subject fluid sample. Particle count information provided in the classifications on pages 4 through 7 are included for reference only. Exact particle counts cannot be determined with the patch method of analysis. CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 4

5 Contamination classification in accordance with ISO 4406:1987/1999 ISO- Class Number of Particles more than up to & including 0 0, , ,000 2, ,000 4, ,000 8, ,000 16,000 ISO- Class more than Number of Particles up to & including 15 16,000 32, ,000 64, , , , , , , ,000 1,000, ,000,000 2,000, ,000,000 4,000, ,000,000 8,000, ,000,000 16,000, ,000,000 32,000, ,000,000 64,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 5 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

6 Contamination classification in accordance with ISO /1999 determination of ISO code Particle Count Per 100ml Larger Than Indicated Size /18/13 ISO Class ISO 4406: ISO 4406: CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK particles size in μm 6

7 Contamination classification in accordance to SAE AS4059: D ISO 4402 >1 µm >5 µm >15 µm >25 µm >50 µm >100 µm ISO >4 µm >6 µm >14 µm >21 µm >38 µm >70 µm SAE Code A B C D E F Contamination classes ,560 3,120 6,250 12,500 25,000 50, , , , ,000 1,600,000 3,200, ,220 2,430 4,860 9,730 19,500 38,900 77, , , ,000 1,250, ,730 3,460 6,920 13,900 27,700 55, , , ,220 2,450 4,900 9,800 19,600 39, ,700 3,390 6, ,020 7 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

8 Contamination classification in accordnce to NAS /1964 Extended to particle range 2-5 μm NAS- Class Number of Particles Amount of Contamination (ACFTD) 2-5 μm 5-15 μm μm μm μm >100 μm [mg/l] ,250 2,500 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 80, , , ,000 1,280,000 2,560,000 5,120, ,000 2,000 4,000 8,000 16,000 32,000 64, , , ,000 1,024,000 2,048,000 4,096, ,425 2,850 5,700 11,400 22,800 45,600 91, , , , ,012 2,025 4,050 8,100 16,200 32,400 64, , ,440 2,880 5,760 11,520 23, ,024 2,048 4, CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 8

9 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 14/12/9 SAE AS 4059: D Class 4 NAS 1638 Class 3 1 scale mark= 10µm 9 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

10 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 15/13/10 SAE AS 4059: D Class 5 NAS 1638 Class 4 1 scale mark= 10µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 10

11 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 16/14/11 SAE AS 4059: D Class 6 NAS 1638 Class 5 1 scale mark= 10µm 11 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

12 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 17/15/12 SAE AS 4059: D Class 7 NAS 1638 Class 6 1 scale mark= 10µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 12

13 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 18/16/13 SAE AS 4059: D Class 8 NAS 1638 Class 7 1 scale mark= 10µm 13 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

14 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 19/17/14 SAE AS 4059: D Class 9 NAS 1638 Class 8 1 scale mark= 10µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 14

15 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 20/18/15 SAE AS 4059: D Class 10 NAS 1638 Class 9 1 scale mark= 10µm 15 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

16 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 21/19/16 SAE AS 4059: D Class 11 NAS 1638 Class 10 1 scale mark= 10µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 16

17 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 22/20/17 SAE AS 4059: D Class 12 NAS 1638 Class 11 1 scale mark= 10µm 17 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

18 Contamination Comparison Photos ISO 4406: 1999 Class 23/21/18 SAE AS 4059: D Class 13 NAS 1638 Class 12 1 scale mark= 10µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 18

19 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Mainly Rust; white particles are additives Effect: - Rapid oil aging - Breakdowns in pumps, valves - Wear and tear scale mark = 45 µm 6 19 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

20 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Oil ageing products Effect: - Blocking of filters - Silting scale mark = 45 µm 6 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 20

21 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Metal fragment Effect: - Breakdowns in pumps, valves - Wearing of seals - Leakage - Oil ageing 1 scale mark = 45 µm 21 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

22 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Particles and fragments in bronze, brass and copper Effect: -Breakdowns in pumps, valves - Oil ageing - Leakage - Wearing of seals 1 scale mark = 45 µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 22

23 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Gel-type residue from filter element Effect: - Blocking of filter - Silting 1 scale mark = 45 µm 23 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

24 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Silicates due to lack of, or inadequate, air breather-filter Effect: -Heavy wear on components -Breakdowns in pumps, valves - Wearing of seals 1 scale mark = 45 µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 24

25 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Colored particles (red/brown), synthetic particles (blue) Effect: -Breakdowns in pumps, valves -Wearing of seals 1 scale mark = 45 µm 25 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

26 Types of Contamination Particle Type: Fibers due to initial contamination, open tank, cleaning cloths, etc. Effect: - Blocking of nozzles - Leaking from seat valves 1 scale mark = 45 µm CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 26

27 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Coal dust Machine: Gearbox Industry: Coal Mining Patch Test filter: 5 Magnification: 100x Probable Indications: unfiltered vent/breather 27 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

28 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Dirt / silicon / organic Machine: Gearbox Industry: Cement Patch Test filter: 10 Magnification: 100x Probable Indications: Ingress most likely through unfiltered vent/ breather CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 28

29 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Silicates/organic dirt Machine: Pump gearbox Industry: Mining Patch Test filter: 10 Magnification: 100x Probable Indications: Dirt ingress through unfiltered/ Unscreened breather (verified). 29 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

30 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Fiber, synthetic Machine: Gearbox Industry: Food processing Patch Test filter: 5 Magnification: 100x Probable Indications: Most likely source of fiber is degrading filter or fibrous gasket material. CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 30

31 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Wear metals: oxidized ferrous (blackened) and brass/bronze (gear facing) Machine: Gearbox Industry: Mining Patch Test filter: 10 Magnification: Probable Indications: 100x Oxidized ferrous material indicates excessive temperature possible cutting or grinding at metal to metal interface. Bronze residue is sacrificial gear face material. 31 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

32 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Oxidized ferrous wear metal, brass/bronze; some silicate and emulsified oil. Machine: Gearbox Industry: Mining Patch Test filter: 10 Magnification: 100x Probable Indications: Water content in oil confirmed with positive crackle test; high temperature cutting wear. Silicate and coal dust in combination with lubricant acting as abrasive. CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 32

33 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Oxidized ferrous cutting wear metal possibly from failing seal; dirt Machine: Pump gearbox oil. Industry: Mining Patch Test filter: 10 Magnification: Probable Indications: 100x Cutting wear most likely from seal; contaminated with dirt, most likely from unfiltered breather vent. 33 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

34 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Oxidized ferrous material Machine: Vacuum pump Industry: Chemical Patch Test filter: 5 Magnification: 100x Probable Indications: Cutting wear from seal failure; extremely high temperature in evidence CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK 34

35 Types of Contamination Contaminant: Water emulsified in oil captured by organic dirt Machine: Gearbox Industry: Mining Patch Test filter: 10 Magnification: 100x Probable Indications: Dirt has entered open breather vent, along with water ingress. 35 CONTAMINATION HANDBOOK

36 L West Park Road Leetsdale, PA USA p f

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