Drilling Workshop. Roy Rathner and Arne Lislerud

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1 Drilling Workshop Roy Rathner and Arne Lislerud

2 Optimisation of quarrying Pit-to-Product Mine-to-Mill Mine-to-Metal => requires a overview of operations, technology and markets

3 Overview of basic topics Organisation Mgt. Technology Pit Plant Sales Market analysis end-product volumes costs pricing stockpiling => right mix of all issues?

Key quarry performance indicators, KPI s key financial performance in a period overall quarry profitability capital employed (especially unscheduled

4 Key quarry performance indicators, KPI s key financial performance in a period overall quarry profitability capital employed (especially unscheduled stockpiling) key production performance in a period end-product tonnages, costs and margins productivity and cost per machine safety in operations public relations

$humps fines and fragment microfractures muckpile profiles & swell loadability and loading capacities selectivity in mining & industrial mineral operations boulder downtime crushing capacities power$

5 How drilling and blasting affect downstream operations Drilling Blasting Loading Crushing sizing drill patterns drilling accuracy field performance of explosives shotrock fragmentation boulders floor humps fines and fragment microfractures muckpile profiles & swell loadability and loading capacities selectivity in mining & industrial mineral operations boulder downtime crushing capacities power consumption production of fines and waste

6 Rock drillability versus strength 300 Gabbro Limestone Uniaxial Compressive Strength, UCS (MPa) Coarse grained granite Mica gneiss Phyllite Greenstone Greenschist Medium grained granite Mica schist Shale Marble Calcerous Shale Quartzite Sandstone Siltstone Drilling Rate Index, DRI

Quality feed handling boulders boulder count dependent on primary crusher opening (and to a lesser extent primary crusher capacity) sort boulders

7 Quality feed handling boulders boulder count dependent on primary crusher opening (and to a lesser extent primary crusher capacity) sort boulders from muck pile downsize boulders before entering primary crusher minimise boulder count using reduced uncharged height and/or tighter drill patterns

8 Quality feed effect of micro-fracturing Rock type Anorthosite Explosive Slurrit Test blasts 4 x tonnes Bench height 11 m Feed mm Percentage of 0-32 (mm) Ø76 Ø89 Ø Hole diameter, d (mm) Ø115 Large SUB from prior bench level Belt weights mm mm 0-70 mm 0-32 mm

requirements ability to handle difficult ground

9 Quarries and D&B contractors equipment flexibility and reliability D&B as to aggregate production requirements ability to handle difficult ground conditions availability of local / on-call field service

Criteria for selecting drills annual production requirements in bm3 or t critical diameter of explosives flexibility in usage application costing operator training and support operator comfort and

10 Criteria for selecting drills annual production requirements in bm3 or t critical diameter of explosives flexibility in usage application costing operator training and support operator comfort and safety ease of transport between pits D&B costs ( /t) Drill-hole diameter (mm) => number of drills => hole size big enough? => different types of work => D&B costs per t Drill pattern, SB (m 2 ) Better Better blastability Finer fragmentation Drill-hole diameter, d (mm)

Annual drill rig production capacities shifts per year 225 = 5 d/w 45 w/a shift hours per year 1800 = 8 h/d 5 d/w 45 w/a engine hours per year 1224 = 1800 68 % utilisation

11 Annual drill rig production capacities shifts per year 225 = 5 d/w 45 w/a shift hours per year 1800 = 8 h/d 5 d/w 45 w/a engine hours per year 1224 = % utilisation rock density, t/m Annual production, Mtpa Panteras - DP Rangers - DX CHA s - DC Drill-hole size, mm

Occupational health and safety work related accidents for: mobile equipment hazardous work areas emissions control noise control dust control flyrock / charging / straight-hole drilling falling rocks

12 Occupational health and safety work related accidents for: mobile equipment hazardous work areas emissions control noise control dust control flyrock / charging / straight-hole drilling falling rocks / wall control => safety is linked as much to equipment as it is to attitudes => health, safety and environmental issues are everyone s concern => the ultimate safety target is zero harm not just a minimum occurrence of accidents

13 Assessment of some work related health risks Risk Musculoskeletal disorders Silicosis Oil mist Radon Vibrations Stress/mental workload Diesel Noise

Safety of inpit operations unwanted incidences do not just happen

and consequences of unwanted occurrences the relationship between

Premature ignition of electric detonators and blast due to lightning

14 Safety of inpit operations unwanted incidences do not just happen they have root causes actions can be taken so as to reduce frequency and consequences of unwanted occurrences the relationship between complexity and knowledge in the workforce is often unbalanced e.g. operator hazard training is a must! Premature ignition of electric detonators and blast due to lightning Pit wall failure burying 3 drill rigs in rubble

15 Safety of inpit operations new equipment requirements for the future? Rock fall source area Manditory 20m personnel exclusion zone from highwall? Rollover from terrain bench - 35m drop

16 Mina Alumbrera Double bench presplitting

17 Mina Alumbrera Pitwall scanlines

shall not exceed 8 not exceed 10.

shall not exceed 8 not exceed 10. Table 3602/1 CRUSHED STONE BASE AND SUBBASE: MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS Material TYPE OF MATERIAL Characteristic G1 G2 G3 Parent Sound rock from an approved Sound rock, boulders Sound rock, boulders or Material