Residual Fuel Market Outlook

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1 Residual Fuel Market Outlook Colin Birch Prepared for EGCSA workshop Hamburg 8/9 September 2010 Vice President

2 Purvin & Gertz study is based on a scenario analysis to understand impact on refining industry Reduction of bunker fuel emissions is a complex inter-industry issue Shipping and refining industries both face challenging issues Who invests? What quality of fuel is needed? Scrubbing of stack gases has the potential to significantly reduce compliance cost Degree of scrubber adoption will have a direct effect on refiners The uncertainty of this variable examined through two scenarios: Fuels Compliance Stringent and disruptive case for refining, suppliers and bunker consumers Significant refining industry impact/ less impact on shipping industry Scrubber Compliance Broad scrubbing adoption by key vessel classes and voyages which moderate need for fuel quality improvements Moderate refining industry impact/ more impact on shipping industry Residual Fuel Oil Market Outlook 2

3 World marine bunker demand has been increasing as overall fuel oil demand declines World Residual Fuel Demand 800 Million Tonnes 40% Residual Fuel Oil Market Outlook 3 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% Bunker fuel shown includes only residual fuel oil blends that are partially displaced in 2020 due to IMO regulations. Feedstocks Other Industrial Power Bunker Percent Bunker

4 Heavy fuel oil (RFO) bunker consumption is concentrated in a small portion of long-haul vessels 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Percent of Global RFO Bunker Demand 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Residual Fuel Oil Market Outlook 4 Percent of Vessels (approx. 100,000 total) Installing scrubbers on a few thousand of the largest bunker consuming vessels would allow a large portion of bunker to remain high sulphur

5 Refiner dilemma Current situation is that refineries produce high sulphur bunkers at low cost from streams produced from high sulphur crudes with little processing Refineries will need to make significant investments to produce 0.5%/0.1% sulphur bunkers from these streams The processes required are similar to those needed to convert these streams into other transport fuels such as diesel and jet fuel The choice for refiners is Invest to produce low sulphur bunkers or Invest to produce diesel, jet fuel etc. The option of the low sulphur bunker fuel production will need similar returns on investment, supported by higher bunker fuel prices, to those expected for the second option Residual Fuel Oil Market Outlook 5

6 Projected Rotterdam Bunker Prices (2009 forecast) (Forecast in Constant Dollars per Tonne) ~200$/T Marine Diesel ECA bunker LS Bunker HS Bunker Stack gas scrubbing economics attractive at these price differentials particularly on larger ships Residual Fuel Oil Market Outlook 6

7 About this presentation This analysis has been prepared for the EGCSA Workshop SMM Hamburg 8/9 September Any party attending the EGCSA Workshop or any third party in possession of the analysis may not rely upon its conclusions. Possession of the analysis does not carry with it the right of publication. Purvin & Gertz conducted this analysis utilizing reasonable care and skill in applying methods of analysis consistent with normal industry practice. All results are based on information available at the time of review. Changes in factors upon which the review is based could affect the results. Forecasts are inherently uncertain because of events or combinations of events that cannot reasonably be foreseen including the actions of government, individuals, third parties and competitors. NO IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE SHALL APPLY. Some of the information on which this analysis is based has been provided by others. Purvin & Gertz has utilized such information without verification unless specifically noted otherwise. Purvin & Gertz accepts no liability for errors or inaccuracies in information provided by others. Residual Fuel Oil Market Outlook 7

8 Colin Birch Vice President Purvin & Gertz, Inc 55, New Oxford Street London WC1A 1BS U.K Residual Fuel Oil Market Outlook 8

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