Atomization and Co-Combustion of Crude Glycerin with Natural Gas and Hydrogen
|
|
- William Ball
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Atomization and Co-Combustion of Crude Glycerin with Natural Gas and Hydrogen Pedro Queirós Abstract The present study focuses on the atomization and co-combustion of glycerin. Initially, glycerin sprays produced by two air assisted atomizers have been characterized under non-reacting conditions. For both atomizers the results revealed a decrease in the Sauter mean diameter with increasing values of the atomizing air to fuel mass ratio up to 1, beyond which no significant improvements were obtained, and the presence of larger droplets in the periphery of the sprays and smaller droplets in its central region. Subsequently, a selection of the characterized glycerin sprays has been burn in cocombustion with natural gas and hydrogen in a laboratory furnace fired by a swirl burner. Flue-gas data were obtained for various flames, which quantify the effects of the type of atomizer, the atomization quality, the excess air and the incorporation degree of glycerin in the fuel mixture on pollutant emissions. In addition, the deposits formed in the near burner region and in the furnace walls were collected and analyzed. The results showed: 1) improvements in combustion efficiency with increasing atomization quality; 2) reduction in CO and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions with increasing excess air; 3) decrease in CO and HC emissions as the thermal percentage of glycerin in the fuel mixture increases up to a value close to 45%, for higher values CO, HC and NO x emissions increase; 4) no acrolein emissions detected for all flames studied; and 5) deposits collected at the burner exit and at the furnace walls in the near burner region contain high concentrations of Na, K and Cl, which could endanger long term furnace utilization. Keywords: Crude glycerin, laboratory furnace, atomization, combustion, pollutant emissions, ash deposits Introduction With the growing concern over environmental sustainability and the need to develop renewable sources of energy, biodiesel production is due to increase substantially over the next years. In 11 the world biodiesel production is expected to be around l, value that should exceed l by 19 [1]. Biodiesel production is mostly done by the reutilization of animal and vegetable fats in a process called transesterification. During this process, the waste animal and the vegetable fats react with an alcohol to produce biodiesel and glycerin as a by-product. On a molar basis, one mole of glycerin is produced for every three mole of biodiesel, and volumetrically 1% of the initial reactants are transformed to glycerin. In the past decade refined glycerin was commercialized at 1-14 /ton but with the increasing biodiesel production and the resulting excess of the glycerin by-product the prices went down significantly. Nowadays refined glycerin has a price of 4-5 /ton and crude glycerin resulting from biodiesel production reaches 4-1 /ton [2]. The prices are so low that many producers are having difficulty to support the cost of storage and transportation of this product. In order to solve the problem of excess of glycerin several solutions are being investigated including combustion, conversion in biogas, chemical conversion, etc Combustion of glycerin would be an attractive solution but it presents many challenges. Glycerin has a low calorific value ( 13 MJ/Kg), high ignition temperature (37 ºC) and high viscosity (1 cp at 22 ºC). In addition, combustion of glycerin presents the risk of acrolein emissions. This unstable and toxic carbonyl compound is the result of the thermal decomposition of glycerin and can be formed at temperatures around 28 ºC with very high toxicity even at low concentrations (2 ppm). For all these reasons it is essential to understand better the processes occurring in the combustion of glycerin, including the way the atomization quality affects the overall process. Two years ago, at the 33 rd Combustion Symposium, Bohon et al. [3] presented an interesting study on the combustion characteristics of glycerin in a 7 kw prototype high-swirl burner and in a 82 kw laboratory-scale moderate-swirl furnace. Their results showed NO x emissions between 15 ppm and 24 ppm and low total hydrocarbon (HC) emissions along with ash formation with high concentrations of sodium, potassium, phosphorous and chlorine. Pratzer et al. [4] investigated the cocombustion of glycerin with yellow grease in a large-scale boiler. They results showed a significant increase in HC and SO 2 emissions with the incorporation of glycerin in the fuel mixture and deposit formation in the near burner region with high content of sodium, potassium and chlorine, representing possible problems for long term utilization. In regard to the acrolein emissions, Pratzer et al. [4] reported no measurable emissions, while Bohon et al. [3] reported emissions around 18 ppb well below the health hazards limits. The use of supporting fuels to enhance the combustion efficiency of the glycerin could be a good solution to deal with the problems related with pure glycerin combustion, namely deposit 1
2 formation and toxic pollutant emissions, as reported by Bohon et al. [3]. In this context, the present study focuses on the atomization and co-combustion of crude glycerin with natural gas and hydrogen in a laboratory furnace. Initially, glycerin sprays produced by two air assisted atomizers have been characterized under non-reacting conditions. Subsequently, a selection of the characterized glycerin sprays has been burn in co-combustion with natural gas and hydrogen in the laboratory furnace fired by a swirl burner. The data quantify the effects of atomizer type, atomization quality, excess air and incorporation degree of glycerin in the fuel mixture on combustion performance. In addition, the deposits formed in the near burner region and in the furnace walls have been collected and analyzed. Experimental Facilities and Measuring Techniques Figure 1 shows a schematic of the spray test rig used for the spray characterization experiments under non-reacting conditions. The spray chamber has a quadrangular shape with 1 m side and is equipped with an exhaust system to extract vapors that result from droplet vaporization. The Malvern Particle Size Analyzer, used for droplet size distribution measurements, is mounted in the top of chamber. The burner gun is located axially above the chamber with fixtures permitting axial and radial movement. Figure 2 shows a schematic of the laboratory furnace and auxiliary equipment. The furnace is a cylinder.6 m in inside diameter and 2.4 m in length. The cylindrical combustion chamber has a vertical axis to minimize asymmetry due to natural convection and biased ash particle deposition and it is down-fired to facilitate particulate removal. The furnace roof and the initial 1.2 m length of the cylindrical walls are refractory lined. The outer surfaces of the refractory walls are surrounded by cooling water jackets. The remaining 1.2 m length of the wall surfaces are water cooled only. Figure 3 shows a schematic of the furnace roof and burner arrangement. The burner consists of a central gun and a secondary air supply in a conventional double-concentric configuration, terminating in a refractory quarl. The secondary air stream is fitted with guide vanes of constant cord and angle of 6º for inducing swirl. The burner gun comprises a removable air assisted atomizer and a co-axial supply of natural gas and/or hydrogen. In this study two air-assisted atomizers (atomizers 1 and 2) were used, as shown in Figure 4. The glycerin is supplied to the burner using a mono-progressing positive displacement pump coupled to a variable-speed motor which is controlled electronically. A loss-in-weight technique incorporating a weighbridge and a timing device ensures the good maintenance of the desired fuel flow rate controlled by the pump speed. The observed variation in flow is within ±3% over a sampling period of 1 s, and negligible over longer periods. Natural gas is fed to the burner by a central line operating with a pressure of 22 mbar and a maximum flow rate of 4 m 3 /h. During the present study, hydrogen from pressurized bottles was also used. The gas flows were controlled with pressure regulators and valves and the flow rates measured using a digital rotameters. Flue-gas composition data were obtained using a stainless steel water-cooled probe. The probe was composed of a central 1.3 mm inner diameter tube through which quenched samples were evacuated. This central tube was surrounded by two concentric tubes for probe cooling. The gas sample was drawn through the probe and part of the system by an oil-free diaphragm pump. A condenser removed the main particulate burden and condensate. A filter and a drier removed any residual particles and moisture so that a constant supply of clean dry combustion gases was delivered to the analyzers through a manifold to give species concentration on a dry basis. The analytical instrumentation included a magnetic pressure analyzer for O 2 measurements, a non dispersive infrared gas analyzer for CO 2 and CO measurements, a flame ionization detector for hydrocarbons (HC) measurements and a chemiluminescent analyzer for NO x measurements. At the combustor exit, probe effects were negligible and errors arose mainly from quenching of chemical reactions, which was found to be adequate. Repeatability of the flue-gas data was, on average, within 5%. For acrolein emission measurements, 1 ml samples were taken from the exhaust with a proper needle and analyzed with gas chromatography. The system was calibrated with a pure acrolein sample and exhaust gas samples where then compared. The collected deposits were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) JEOL, model JSM-71F. The microscope allows obtaining 3-D images from a selected area through the sample irradiation by an electron beam. The microscope is also equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray detector (EDS) that allows quantifying the ultimate composition of a deposit sample within areas of 5 5 μm Results and Discussion Tables 1 to 3 show the glycerin physical and chemical characteristics, the test conditions used in the spray characterization experiments and the furnace operating conditions, respectively. The spray 2
3 characterization experiments (Table 2) allowed quantifying the effects of the atomizer configuration, atomizing air to glycerin mass ratio (AFR) and glycerin mass flow rate in spray quality. The trials performed in the laboratory furnace (Table 3) allowed quantifying the effects of the AFR, excess air level and degree of glycerin incorporation in the fuel mixture on pollutant emissions. It will be noted that the reported pollutant emissions have been corrected for the dilution effect of the excess air. Figure 5 shows the influence of AFR on SMD for three glycerin mass flow rates for atomizers 1 and 2. The measurements were made along a diameter of the cross-section of the spray (r = ) at a distance of 5 mm downstream from the atomizer exits, where the break-up process is already completed. For atomizer 1, Figure 5a reveals a rapid decrease in SMD with increasing AFR up to values around 1, regardless of the glycerin flow rate, beyond which further increases yield only marginal improvements in spray quality. At low values of AFR, the kinetic energy of the atomizing air is insufficient to overcome the viscous and surface tension forces which oppose the disintegration of the liquid. As the AFR is increased the air mass flow and its kinetic energy increase and consequently more energy is available to shatter the glycerin jet into droplets. The leveling off of the curves beyond a certain AFR suggest that above this value the additional atomizing air does not effectively interact with the glycerin jet. Figure 5a also shows that, for a given AFR below 1, the SMD decreases as the glycerin flow rate increases. The decrease of SMD with the glycerin flow rate at a constant AFR is due to the increase in air mass flow and its kinetic energy which overcame the deleterious effect that an increase in glycerin mass flow rate alone would have on atomization. For atomizer 2, Figure 5b reveals that the effect of both the AFR and the glycerin mass flow rate on spray quality is much less pronounced, which is attributed to the atomizing air velocities in atomizer 2 being much higher than in atomizer 1 even at low AFR values. Figure 6 shows the influence of the AFR on CO, HC and NO x emissions for atomizers 1 and 2 maintaining constant the excess air level (O 2 in the flue gas = 5%). For both atomizers, it is seen that the CO and HC emissions increase substantially for AFR values below.8 as a result of the poorer atomization. Note that atomizer 2 yields systematically lower CO and HC emissions than atomizer 1, which is consistent with the SMD data in Figure 5, but the co-combustion of glycerin with the gaseous fuels yields always higher CO and HC emissions than the pure gaseous fuel firing, regardless of the atomizer used. Moreover, the top two panels of Figure 6 show an increase in the CO and HC emissions for AFR values above 1.5. Since the SMD does not change for values of AFR > 1.5 in any of the atomizers, the increase in CO and HC emissions suggests that some initial similar size, but higher momentum droplets were able to penetrate through the internal recirculation zone, leading to an overall reduction in the combustion efficiency. The last panel of Figure 6 shows that the NO x emissions from the co-combustion of glycerin with the gaseous fuels tend to increase with the value of AFR, being, however, lower than those from pure gaseous fuel firing. As the AFR increases, both the entrainment of secondary air by the central jet and the combustion intensity increases resulting, most likely, in higher flame temperatures. As a consequence, the NO formation through the thermal mechanism is promoted leading to higher NO x emissions. Figure 7 shows the influence of the excess air on CO, HC and NO x emissions for atomizers 1 and 2, both operating with an AFR =.5. Atomizer 1 yields high CO and HC emissions at low excess air levels possibly due to the formation of rich areas in the central region of the spray with low O 2 entrainment. As the excess air increases, more O 2 is available and the CO and HC emissions decrease. For values of O 2 in the flue gas higher than 5% the CO and HC emissions are insignificant. Atomizer 2 presents a different behaviour for low values of excess air, with the CO and HC emissions being much lower as compared to atomizer 1. As the excess air increases, the CO and HC emissions from both atomizers are similar. Atomizer 1 produces a solid cone spray that is very sensitive to excess air variations since the O 2 penetration in the central regions of the sprays is highly dependent on the excess air level. Atomizer 2 originates a flat spray that has less inner volume and higher exposure area, which enhances the mixing between air and fuel even for lower excess air levels. This avoids the formation of rich areas and reduces the CO and HC emissions. The last panel of Figure 7 shows that the NO x emissions tend to increase with increases in the excess air level for atomizer 1. Increasing the excess air level enhances mixing and droplet evaporation, which causes an increase in flame temperature promoting NO formation through the thermal mechanism. Atomizer 2 exhibits lower NO x emissions probably caused by lower flames temperatures in the near burner region, which suppresses NO formation via the thermal mechanism. Figure 8 shows the influence of the thermal percentage of glycerin in the fuel mixture on CO, HC and NO x emissions for atomizer 2 operating with an AFR =.5. The results show that NO x emissions do not vary and that CO and HC emissions decrease as the thermal percentage of glycerin in the fuel mixture increases up to a value close to 45%. For higher values CO, HC and NO x emissions increase. 3
4 In regard to pollutant emissions, it is important to point out that no acrolein emissions were detected for all flames studied. Sufficient residence times in regions of relatively high temperature ensured the oxidation of the acrolein. During the co-combustion of glycerin with the gaseous fuels deposits were formed at the burner exit and at the furnace walls in the near burner region. The deposits were collected and later analyzed in a SEM/EDS device. Figure 9 shows SEM images of typical deposits collected at the burner exit and Figure 1 shows the chemical analysis of a representative deposit sample, obtained from four areas of 5 5 μm of the sample. The deposits present a dense aspect, grainy consistency with some moisture and easy removal. The chemical composition shows the presence of C, Cl, Na, O, Fe and some small amounts of K, Si, Ca and Al, which is consistent with glycerin ash analysis included in Table 3. The presence of O and Fe suggest the existence of corrosion at the burner, enhanced by Cl, which is a highly corrosive element that could be prejudicial for long term furnace operation. The presence of Na in the deposits could promote K capture and form silicates with low melting point that improve deposit adherence. Figure 11 shows SEM images of typical deposits collected at the furnace walls in the near burner region and Figure 12 shows the chemical analysis of a representative deposit sample, obtained from four areas of 5 5 μm of the sample. The deposits formed at the furnace walls can be described as a white powder with no moisture and difficult to remove. The chemical composition shows shows higher concentrations of Cl and Na, which, combined with K, is very problematic for corrosion and can explain the higher adherence of these deposits. As a final remark, the present study shows the possibility of burning glycerin but the results seems to demonstrate that co-combustion of glycerin is a rather interesting solution compared with pure glycerin firing. Co-combustion could reduce the problems related with deposit formation and pollutant emissions and could easily be legally approved by the authorities for industrial purposes. In this context, further studies on the combustion and co-combustion of glycerin should be made namely the possibility of mixing glycerin with other liquids fuels in order to create emulsions that could be properly burned. Conclusions The main conclusions from this investigation are as follows. For both atomizers the spray fineness significantly increases with increasing AFR up to a value, regardless of the glycerin flow rate, beyond which any further increases in AFR causes only minor improvements in spray quality. Increasing AFR causes a general improvement in combustion process. For both atomizers, increasing AFR diminishes droplet diameter and increases entrainment of the secondary air leading to a reduction in CO and HC emissions. NO x emissions from the cocombustion of glycerin tend to increase with the value of AFR, as a result of the higher flame temperatures that promote thermal NO formation. Atomizer 1 yields high CO and HC emissions at low excess air while atomizer 2 presents low CO and HC emissions. As the excess air increases, the CO and HC emissions from both atomizers are similar and low. NO x emissions tend to increase with increases in the excess air level for atomizer 1; atomizer 2 exhibits lower NO x emissions probably caused by lower flames temperatures in the near burner region, which suppresses NO formation via the thermal mechanism. NO x emissions do not vary and CO and HC emissions decrease as the thermal percentage of glycerin in the fuel mixture increases up to a value close to 45%. For higher values CO, HC and NO x emissions increase. No acrolein emissions were detected for all flames studied. Deposits collected at the burner exit and at the furnace walls in the near burner region contain high concentrations of Na, K and Cl, which could endanger long term furnace utilization. References [1] OECD Conference Centre, Paris, June (9). [2] Werpy, T., Petersen, G., Top value added chemicals from biomass, results of screening for potential candidates from sugars and synthesis gas. Available in acessed in March 11. [3] Bohon, M. D., Metzger, B. A., Linak, W. P., King, C. J., Roberts, W. L. Glycerol combustion and emissions, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 33, (11). [4] Pratzer, R., Norris, M., Doering, A., Jorgenson, R., Neece, C., Zimmerli, B., Stack emissions 4
5 evaluation: combustion of crude glycerin and yellow grease in an industrial fire tube boiler Agricultural Utilization Research Institute (7). Table 1. Glycerin physical and chemical characteristics. Property Value Density at 15 ºC (kg/m 3 ) 1268 Dynamic viscosity (Ns/m 2 ) at 23.3 ºC 271 at 5 ºC 5.7 at 8 ºC 22.2 Composition (wt %) Glicerol MONG Moisture Ash Methanol Elemental analysis (wt %, dry ash free) Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur Oxygen Ash composition (wt %) Chlorine Sodium Potassium Phosphorous Calcium Silicon Others Heating value (MJ/kg) Inferior Superior Table 2. Test conditions used in the spray characterization experiments. Atomizer (kg/h) (kg/h) AFR (ºC) Table 3. Furnace operating conditions. Operating parameter Atomizer 1 Atomizer 2 Trial series number I II III IV V Flue gas O 2 (%) Hydrogen (kw) Natural gas (kw) Glycerin thermal input (kw) mass flow rate (kg/h) temperature (ºC) Atomizing air mass flow rate (kg/h) temperature (ºC) Spray AFR
6 Figure 1. Schematic of the spray test rig. Figure 2. Schematic of the laboratory furnace and auxiliary equipment. Figure 3. Schematic of the furnace roof and burner arrangement. 6
7 SMD (µm) SMD (µm) a) b) Figure 4. Schematic of the air-assisted atomizers. Flow rate (kg/h) Flow rate (kg/h) AFR Figure 5. Influence of AFR on SMD for three glycerin mass flow rates. a) Atomizer 1; b) atomizer 2. 7
8 Figure 6. Influence of the AFR on CO, HC and NO x emissions for atomizers 1 and 2. The dotted lines represent the emissions values for the pure NG flame and for the NG + hydrogen flame. For all tests: O 2 in the flue gas = 5%. 8
9 NO x (volume 6% O 2 ) HC (volume 6% O 2 ) CO (volume 6% O 2 ) Symbol Glycerin NG H 2 Atm O 2 in the flue gas (% vol.) Figure 7. Influence of the excess air on CO, HC and NO x emissions for atomizers 1 and 2, both operating with an AFR =.5. 9
10 Concentration (%) CO (volume 6% O2) HC, NOx (volume 6% O2) CO NO x HC Glycerin in the fuel mixture (% energy) Figure 8. Influence of the thermal percentage of glycerin in the fuel mixture on CO, HC and NO x emissions for atomizer 2 operating with an AFR =.5. For all tests: O 2 in the flue gas = 5%. Figure 9. SEM images of typical deposits collected at the burner exit. 7 6 Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area C Cl Na O Fe K Si Ca Al Element Figure 1. Chemical analysis of representative deposits collected at the burner exit. 1
11 Concentration (%) Figure 11. SEM images of typical deposits collected at the furnace walls in the near burner region. 7 6 Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area C Cl Na O Fe K Si Ca Al Element Figure 12. Chemical analysis of representative deposits collected at the furnace walls in the near burner region. 11
Combustion Equipment. Combustion equipment for. Solid fuels Liquid fuels Gaseous fuels
Combustion Equipment Combustion equipment for Solid fuels Liquid fuels Gaseous fuels Combustion equipment Each fuel type has relative advantages and disadvantages. The same is true with regard to firing
More informationLecture 27: Principles of Burner Design
Lecture 27: Principles of Burner Design Contents: How does combustion occur? What is a burner? Mixing of air and gaseous fuel Characteristic features of jet Behavior of free (unconfined) and confined jet
More informationFigure 1: The spray of a direct-injecting four-stroke diesel engine
MIXTURE FORMATION AND COMBUSTION IN CI AND SI ENGINES 7.0 Mixture Formation in Diesel Engines Diesel engines can be operated both in the two-stroke and four-stroke process. Diesel engines that run at high
More informationNumerical Investigation of the Effect of Excess Air and Thermal Power Variation in a Liquid Fuelled Boiler
Proceedings of the World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer (MHMT 16) Prague, Czech Republic April 4 5, 2016 Paper No. CSP 105 DOI: 10.11159/csp16.105 Numerical Investigation of the Effect of
More informationProject Reference No.: 40S_B_MTECH_007
PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM DAIRY WASH WATER SCUM THROUGH HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TBC DIESEL ENGINE FOR DIFFERENT DIESEL AND METHANOL BLEND RATIOS Project Reference No.: 40S_B_MTECH_007
More informationCHAPTER 8 EFFECTS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRIES
112 CHAPTER 8 EFFECTS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRIES 8.1 INTRODUCTION Energy conservation and emissions have become of increasing concern over the past few decades. More stringent emission laws along
More informationStudy of the Effect of CR on the Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Using Butanol-diesel Blends
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 77 416, P-ISSN 47 5161 16 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Study of the
More informationInternal Combustion Engines
Emissions & Air Pollution Lecture 3 1 Outline In this lecture we will discuss emission control strategies: Fuel modifications Engine technology Exhaust gas aftertreatment We will become particularly familiar
More informationPower Performance and Exhaust Gas Analyses of Palm Oil and Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester as Fuel for Diesel Engine
ICCBT28 Power Performance and Exhaust Gas Analyses of Palm Oil and Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester as Fuel for Diesel Engine R. Adnan *, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, MALAYSIA I. M. Azree, Universiti Tenaga
More informationEffects of Dilution Flow Balance and Double-wall Liner on NOx Emission in Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Combustors
Effects of Dilution Flow Balance and Double-wall Liner on NOx Emission in Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Combustors 9 HIDEKI MORIAI *1 Environmental regulations on aircraft, including NOx emissions, have
More informationFish Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Conventional Combustors. Fernando Preto, Frank Zhang, and Jinsheng Wang
Fish Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Conventional Combustors Fernando Preto, Frank Zhang, and Jinsheng Wang Abstract Combustion tests for fish oil and its blends with fuel oils were performed in a pilot
More informationCOMBUSTION EFFICIENCY
COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY Don Hunter Pr.Eng. MSc(struct)MSAICE Chief Executive Officer FFS Refiners (Pty) Ltd Durban South Africa The efficiency of a heating appliance or application is dependent on the efficiency
More informationPOLLUTION CONTROL AND INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF DIESEL ENGINE USING BIODIESEL
POLLUTION CONTROL AND INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF DIESEL ENGINE USING BIODIESEL Deepu T 1, Pradeesh A.R. 2, Vishnu Viswanath K 3 1, 2, Asst. Professors, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Ammini College of
More informationFLAME COOLING AND RESIDENCE TIME EFFECT ON NO x AND CO EMISSION IN A GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR
FLAME COOLING AND RESIDENCE TIME EFFECT ON NO x AND CO EMISSION IN A GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR MOHAMED S. T. ZAWIA Engineering College Tajoura Mech. Eng. Dept. El-Fateh University P.O Box 30797 Libya E-mail
More informationCombustion characteristics of n-heptane droplets in a horizontal small quartz tube
Combustion characteristics of n-heptane droplets in a horizontal small quartz tube Junwei Li*, Rong Yao, Zuozhen Qiu, Ningfei Wang School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing
More informationA Feasibility Study on Production of Solid Fuel from Glycerol and Agricultural Wastes
International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies http://www.tuengr.com,
More informationExperimental Investigations on a Four Stoke Diesel Engine Operated by Jatropha Bio Diesel and its Blends with Diesel
International Journal of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Volume 1, Number 1 (2015), pp. 25-31 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Experimental Investigations on a
More informationNO x Emissions Control in a Fluidized-bed Combustor Fired with Rice Husk
SEE 2006: Bangkok, Thailand Least-cost NO x Emissions Control in a Fluidized-bed Combustor Fired with Rice Husk Kasama Janvijitsakul and Vladimir I. Kuprianov School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical
More informationLOW NOx ROTARY KILN BURNER TECHNOLOGY : DESIGN PRINCIPLES & CASE STUDY
LOW NOx ROTARY KILN BURNER TECHNOLOGY : DESIGN PRINCIPLES & CASE STUDY By : Max H. VACCARO Sales Manager PILLARD E.G.C.I, Marseilles, France max.vaccaro@pillard.com For presentation at the : IEEE - IAS/PCA
More informationModule 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 9:Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd.
Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd. The Lecture Contains: HC from Lubricating Oil Film Combustion Chamber Deposits HC Mixture Quality and In-Cylinder Liquid Fuel HC from Misfired Combustion
More informationUniversity Turbine Systems Research Industrial Fellowship. Southwest Research Institute
Correlating Induced Flashback with Air- Fuel Mixing Profiles for SoLoNOx Biomass Injector Ryan Ehlig University of California, Irvine Mentor: Raj Patel Supervisor: Ram Srinivasan Department Manager: Andy
More informationExperimental Study of LPG Diffusion Flame at Elevated Preheated Air Temperatures
Experimental Study of LPG Diffusion Flame at Elevated Preheated Air Temperatures A. A. Amer, H. M. Gad, I. A. Ibrahim, S. I. Abdel-Mageed, T. M. Farag Abstract This paper represents an experimental study
More informationPulverized Coal Ignition Delay under Conventional and Oxy-Fuel Combustion Conditions
Pulverized Coal Ignition Delay under Conventional and Oxy-Fuel Combustion Conditions Christopher Shaddix, Yinhe Liu, Manfred Geier, and Alejandro Molina Combustion Research Facility Livermore, CA 94550
More informationModule 3: Influence of Engine Design and Operating Parameters on Emissions Lecture 14:Effect of SI Engine Design and Operating Variables on Emissions
Module 3: Influence of Engine Design and Operating Parameters on Emissions Effect of SI Engine Design and Operating Variables on Emissions The Lecture Contains: SI Engine Variables and Emissions Compression
More informationCONVERSION OF GLYCEROL TO GREEN METHANOL IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER
CONVERSION OF GLYCEROL TO GREEN METHANOL IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER Maša Knez Hrnčič, Mojca Škerget, Ljiljana Ilić, Ţeljko Knez*, University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory
More informationThermal Exploitation of Wastes in Lignite Combustion Facilities
43 rd INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY - FLUIDIZED BED CONVERSION MEETING 22-23 NOVEMBER 2001, LISBON, PORTUGAL Thermal Exploitation of Wastes in Lignite Combustion Facilities P. Grammelis, G. Skodras, Em.
More informationModule 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 3: Introduction to Pollutant Formation POLLUTANT FORMATION
Module 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions POLLUTANT FORMATION The Lecture Contains: Engine Emissions Typical Exhaust Emission Concentrations Emission Formation in SI Engines Emission
More informationCombustion Properties of Alternative Liquid Fuels
1. Prologue Combustion Properties of Alternative Liquid Fuels 21 JULY 211 Cheng Tung Chong, Simone Hochgreb Content 1. Introduction 2. What s biodiesels 3. Burner design and experimental 4. Results - Flame
More informationInternational Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: Vol.7, No.5, pp ,
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 Vol.7, No.5, pp 2355-2360, 2014-2015 Performance, Combustion and Emission Analysis on A Diesel Engine Fueled with Methyl Ester
More informationANALYSIS OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) SYSTEM
ANALYSIS OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) SYSTEM,, ABSTRACT Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a way to control in-cylinder NOx and carbon production and is used on most modern high-speed direct injection
More informationEster (KOME)-Diesel blends as a Fuel
International Research Journal of Environment Sciences E-ISSN 2319 1414 Injection Pressure effect in C I Engine Performance with Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME)-Diesel blends as a Fuel Abstract Venkateswara
More informationInstitut für Thermische Strömungsmaschinen. PDA Measurements of the Stationary Reacting Flow
Institut für Thermische Strömungsmaschinen Dr.-Ing. Rainer Koch Dipl.-Ing. Tamas Laza DELIVERABLE D2.2 PDA Measurements of the Stationary Reacting Flow CONTRACT N : PROJECT N : ACRONYM: TITLE: TASK 2.1:
More informationAppendix A.1 Calculations of Engine Exhaust Gas Composition...9
Foreword...xi Acknowledgments...xiii Introduction... xv Chapter 1 Engine Emissions...1 1.1 Characteristics of Engine Exhaust Gas...1 1.1.1 Major Components of Engine Exhaust Gas...1 1.1.2 Units Used for
More informationModule7:Advanced Combustion Systems and Alternative Powerplants Lecture 32:Stratified Charge Engines
ADVANCED COMBUSTION SYSTEMS AND ALTERNATIVE POWERPLANTS The Lecture Contains: DIRECT INJECTION STRATIFIED CHARGE (DISC) ENGINES Historical Overview Potential Advantages of DISC Engines DISC Engine Combustion
More informationPERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE USING RICE BRAN OIL METHYL ESTER BLEND WITH ADITIVE DIETHYL ETHER (DEE)
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 3, Issue 2, February 214 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE USING RICE BRAN OIL METHYL ESTER
More informationStack Emissions Evaluation: Combustion of Crude Glycerin and Yellow Grease in an Industrial Fire Tube Boiler
Stack Emissions Evaluation: Combustion of Crude Glycerin and Yellow Grease in an Industrial Fire Tube Boiler R. Patzer Agricultural Utilization Research Institute Marshall, MN, USA April 13, 2007 Contributing
More informationExperimental Investigation on Performance of karanjaand mustard oil: Dual Biodiesels Blended with Diesel on VCR Diesel engine
Experimental Investigation on Performance of karanjaand mustard oil: Dual Biodiesels Blended with Diesel on VCR Diesel engine Umesh Chandra Pandey 1, Tarun Soota 1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationDevelopment of a Fuel-Flexible Burner for Process Plants American Flame Research Committee Annual Meeting Salt Lake City, Utah September 5 7, 2012
Development of a Fuel-Flexible Burner for Process Plants American Flame Research Committee Annual Meeting Salt Lake City, Utah September 5 7, 2012 Jamal Jamaluddin 1 Charles Benson 2, Roberto Pellizzari
More informationMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECT ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE PERFORMANCE
MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECT ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE PERFORMANCE Hayder J. Kurji and Murtdha S. Imran Kerbala University, Engineering College, Mechanical Engineering Department, Kerbala, Iraq E-Mail: hayderkurji@gmail.com
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON 4 STROKE SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE BLENDED WITH TYRE OIL
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON 4 STROKE SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE BLENDED WITH TYRE OIL D.Sravani 1, R.Jyothu Naik 2, P. Srinivasa Rao 3 1 M.Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering, Narasaraopet Engineering
More informationUsage Issues and Fischer-Tropsch Commercialization
Usage Issues and Fischer-Tropsch Commercialization Presentation at the CCTR Advisory Panel Meeting Terre Haute, Indiana June 1, 2006 Diesel Engine Research John Abraham (ME), Jim Caruthers (CHE) Gas Turbine
More informationASTM D Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B 100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 6751 02 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B 100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels Summary This module describes the key elements in ASTM Specifications and Standard Test Methods ASTM Specification
More informationEFFECT OF INJECTION ORIENTATION ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN A DI DIESEL ENGINE: THROUGH CFD SIMULATION
EFFECT OF INJECTION ORIENTATION ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN A DI DIESEL ENGINE: THROUGH CFD SIMULATION *P. Manoj Kumar 1, V. Pandurangadu 2, V.V. Pratibha Bharathi 3 and V.V. Naga Deepthi 4 1 Department of
More informationChapter 4 ANALYTICAL WORK: COMBUSTION MODELING
a 4.3.4 Effect of various parameters on combustion in IC engines: Compression ratio: A higher compression ratio increases the pressure and temperature of the working mixture which reduce the initial preparation
More informationEffect of Fuel Lean Reburning Process on NOx Reduction and CO Emission
Effect of Fuel Lean Reburning Process on NOx Reduction and CO Emission Changyeop Lee, Sewon Kim Digital Open Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering waset.org/publication/18 Abstract Reburning is a
More informationExperimental investigation on constant-speed diesel engine fueled with. biofuel mixtures under the effect of fuel injection
Experimental investigation on constant-speed diesel engine fueled with biofuel mixtures under the effect of fuel injection 1 I. Vinoth kanna *, 2 K. Subramani, 3 A. Devaraj 1 2 3 Department of Mechanical
More informationNew Catalytic Stripper System for the Measurement of Solid Particle Mass, Number, and Size Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines
New Catalytic Stripper System for the Measurement of Solid Particle Mass, Number, and Size Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines Imad A. Khalek, Ph.D. Southwest Research Institute Department of Emissions
More informationTheoretical Study of the effects of Ignition Delay on the Performance of DI Diesel Engine
Theoretical Study of the effects of Ignition Delay on the Performance of DI Diesel Engine Vivek Shankhdhar a, Neeraj Kumar b a M.Tech Scholar, Moradabad Institute of Technology, India b Asst. Proff. Mechanical
More informationThe Prime Glass DeNOx solutions in the present scenario of the glass industry NOx containment technologies
Primary techniques for NOx containment in a sustainable glass industry The achievements of the Prime Glass Project The Prime Glass DeNOx solutions in the present scenario of the glass industry NOx containment
More informationPERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE BY INJECTING DIETHYL ETHER WITH AND WITHOUT EGR USING DPF
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE BY INJECTING DIETHYL ETHER WITH AND WITHOUT EGR USING DPF PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S1036 COLLEGE BRANCH GUIDES : KS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE
More informationProduction of Biodiesel from Used Groundnut Oil from Bosso Market, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Production of Biodiesel from Used Groundnut Oil from Bosso Market, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria Alabadan B.A. Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Federal University, Oye Ekiti. Ajayi
More informationFuel Related Definitions
Fuel Related Definitions ASH The solid residue left when combustible material is thoroughly burned or is oxidized by chemical means. The ash content of a fuel is the non combustible residue found in the
More informationThe influence of Air Nozzles Shape on the NOx Emission in the Large-Scale 670 MWT CFB Boiler
Refereed Proceedings The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering Engineering Conferences International Year 2007 The influence of Air Nozzles Shape on the
More informationNormal vs Abnormal Combustion in SI engine. SI Combustion. Turbulent Combustion
Turbulent Combustion The motion of the charge in the engine cylinder is always turbulent, when it is reached by the flame front. The charge motion is usually composed by large vortexes, whose length scales
More informationHydrogen addition in a spark ignition engine
Hydrogen addition in a spark ignition engine F. Halter, C. Mounaïm-Rousselle Laboratoire de Mécanique et d Energétique Orléans, FRANCE GDRE «Energetics and Safety of Hydrogen» 27/12/2007 Main advantages
More informationAutomotive Technology
International Conference on Automotive Technology An Experimental Study on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using CME- Diesel Blends. Hari Vasudevan a*,sandip
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL With a rapid increase in the demand of fossil fuel, decrease in the availability of crude oil supplies and greater environmental stringent norms on pollution has created
More informationDevelopment of the Micro Combustor
Development of the Micro Combustor TAKAHASHI Katsuyoshi : Advanced Technology Department, Research & Engineering Division, Aero-Engine & Space Operations KATO Soichiro : Doctor of Engineering, Heat & Fluid
More informationDetection of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas According to ASTM D5504 with an Agilent Dual Plasma Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector
Detection of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas According to ASTM D554 with an Agilent Dual Plasma Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector Application Note Author Rebecca Veeneman Abstract Sulfur compounds in natural
More information5. Combustion of liquid fuels. 5.1 Atomization of fuel
5. Combustion of liquid fuels 5.1 Atomization of fuel iquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel, fuel oil light, fuel oil heavy or kerosene have to be atomized and well mixed with the combustion air before
More informationChandra Prasad B S, Sunil S and Suresha V Asst. Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, SVCE, Bengaluru
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 7, July 2018, pp. 997 1004, Article ID: IJMET_09_07_106 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=7
More informationPRODUCT INFORMATION SHEET
Page 1 of 18 31592 WYNN S DPF Cleaner & Regenerator WYNN S Diesel Particulate Filter Cleaner & Regenerator Product Number: 31592 12 x 325ml New technologies to reduce emissions with diesel engines The
More informationREDUCTION OF EMISSIONS BY ENHANCING AIR SWIRL IN A DIESEL ENGINE WITH GROOVED CYLINDER HEAD
REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS BY ENHANCING AIR SWIRL IN A DIESEL ENGINE WITH GROOVED CYLINDER HEAD Dr.S.L.V. Prasad 1, Prof.V.Pandurangadu 2, Dr.P.Manoj Kumar 3, Dr G. Naga Malleshwara Rao 4 Dept.of Mechanical
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF PETROL ENGINE USING FUEL CATALYST
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF PETROL ENGINE USING FUEL CATALYST Sagar.A.Patil 1, Priyanka.V.Kadam 2, Mangesh.S.Yeolekar 3, Sandip.B.Sonawane 4 1 Student (Final Year), Department
More informationPERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A VARIABLE COMPRESSION SI ENGINE USING ETHANOL- GASOLINE BLENDS AS FUEL
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 2011 (ICME2011) 18-20 December 2011, Dhaka, Bangladesh ICME11-TH-001 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A VARIABLE COMPRESSION
More informationINFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF NOZZLE HOLES ON THE UNBURNED FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINE
INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF NOZZLE HOLES ON THE UNBURNED FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINE 1. UNIVERSITY OF RUSE, 8, STUDENTSKA STR., 7017 RUSE, BULGARIA 1. Simeon ILIEV ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to
More informationCOMPARISON OF INDICATOR AND HEAT RELEASE GRAPHS FOR VW 1.9 TDI ENGINE SUPPLIED DIESEL FUEL AND RAPESEED METHYL ESTERS (RME)
Journal of KES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 2, No. 213 COMPARIS OF INDICATOR AND HEAT RELEASE GRAPHS FOR VW 1.9 TDI ENGINE SUPPLIED DIESEL FUEL AND RAPESEED METHYL ESTERS () Jerzy Cisek Cracow University
More informationRetrofit von Industriekesseln zur Brennstoffänderung und NOx- Reduzierung. Dr.-Ing. Marco Derksen
Retrofit von Industriekesseln zur Brennstoffänderung und NOx- Reduzierung Dr.-Ing. Marco Derksen Contents NOx formation In-furnace NOx reducing measures Application of premixed combustion Experiences in
More informationHigh Pressure Spray Characterization of Vegetable Oils
, 23rd Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Brno, Czech Republic, September 2010 Devendra Deshmukh, A. Madan Mohan, T. N. C. Anand and R. V. Ravikrishna Department of Mechanical Engineering
More informationIn-situ Monitoring of Carbon dioxide Emission from Combustion of Jatropha Oil by Infrared Emission Spectroscopy
In-situ Monitoring of Carbon dioxide Emission from Combustion of Jatropha Oil by Infrared Emission Spectroscopy Nelfa Desmira*, Shigeaki Morita and Kuniyuki Kitagawa Ecotopia Science Institute, Nagoya
More informationConfirmation of paper submission
Dr. Marina Braun-Unkhoff Institute of Combustion Technology DLR - German Aerospace Centre Pfaffenwaldring 30-40 70569 Stuttgart 28. Mai 14 Confirmation of paper submission Name: Email: Co-author: 2nd co-author:
More information4. With a neat sketch explain in detail about the different types of fuel injection system used in SI engines. (May 2016)
SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Tamilnadu and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai) Established in 1998 - An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Institution Dr. E.M.Abdullah
More informationStability Limits and Fuel Placement in Carbureted Fuel Injection System (CFIS) Flameholder. Phase I Final Report
Stability Limits and Fuel Placement in Carbureted Fuel Injection System (CFIS) Flameholder Phase I Final Report Reporting Period Start Date: 15 March 2007 Reporting Period End Date: 31 August 2007 PDPI:
More informationJournal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 21, No ISSN: e-issn: ICID: DOI: /
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 1, No. 1 ISSN: 131- e-issn: 3-133 ICID: 1131 DOI: 1./131.1131 JET FUELS DIVERSITY Air Force Institute of Technology Ksiecia Boleslawa Street, 1-9 Warsaw,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN BLENDING ON THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS EMITTED FROM A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN BLENDING ON THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS EMITTED FROM A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE Haroun A. K. Shahad hakshahad@yahoo.com Department of mechanical
More informationIMPROVING PROFITS THROUGH ALTERNATIVE FUELS
IMPROVING PROFITS THROUGH ALTERNATIVE FUELS NATURAL GAS RECYCLED OIL DIESEL PROPANE BIODIESEL COAL VEGETABLE OIL LANDFILL GAS HEAVY OIL ?CNFOUSDE CONFUSED? WHAT IS THE BEST FUEL CHOICE? WHAT WHAT DAY DAY
More informationR&D on Oil-Burning, Environment - Friendly, High-Efficiency Boiler
2001.M4.3.1 R&D on Oil-Burning, Environment - Friendly, High-Efficiency Boiler (Environment-Friendly, High-Efficiency Boiler Group) Takashi Murakawa, Hiroshi Kato, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Kentaro Sato, Yasuhiro
More informationPotential of Large Output Power, High Thermal Efficiency, Near-zero NOx Emission, Supercharged, Lean-burn, Hydrogen-fuelled, Direct Injection Engines
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 29 (2012 ) 455 462 World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2012 Potential of Large Output Power, High Thermal Efficiency, Near-zero NOx Emission, Supercharged,
More informationABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION II. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE ENGINE III. MATERIAL & METHODS
2015 IJSRSET Volume 1 Issue 2 Print ISSN: 2395-1990 Online ISSN : 2394-4099 Themed Section : Engineering and Technology Experimental Investigations on a Four Stoke Die Engine Operated by Neem Bio Blended
More informationKeywords: Simarouba Glauca, Heterogeneous base catalyst, Ultrasonic Processor, Phytochemicals.
PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS FROM SIMAROUBA OIL VIA ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION PROCESS, EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF BYPRODUCTS. TESTING AND EXTRACTION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM SIMAROUBA OIL AND CAKE COLLEGE
More informationProposal to establish a laboratory for combustion studies
Proposal to establish a laboratory for combustion studies Jayr de Amorim Filho Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory SCRE Single Cylinder Research Engine Laboratory OUTLINE Requirements,
More informationStudy of viscosity - temperature characteristics of rapeseed oil biodiesel and its blends
Study of viscosity - temperature characteristics of rapeseed oil biodiesel and its blends Li Kong 1, Xiu Chen 1, a, Xiaoling Chen 1, Lei Zhong 1, Yongbin Lai 2 and Guang Wu 2 1 School of Chemical Engineering,
More informationEXHAUST EMISSIONS OF 4 STROKE SPARK IGNITION ENGINE WITH INDIRECT INJECTION SYSTEM USING GASOLINE-ETHANOL FUEL
Vol. 04 No. 01, July 2017, Pages 44-49 EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF 4 STROKE SPARK IGNITION ENGINE WITH INDIRECT INJECTION SYSTEM USING GASOLINE-ETHANOL FUEL Mega Nur Sasongko 1, Widya Wijayanti 1, Fernando Nostra
More informationCONFERENCE ON AVIATION AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS
CAAF/09-IP/11 19/10/09 English only CONFERENCE ON AVIATION AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 16 to 18 November 2009 Agenda Item 1: Environmental sustainability and interdependencies IMPACT
More informationTHE EFFECT OF VARIOUS VEGETABLE OILS ON POLLUTANT EMISSIONS OF BIODIESEL BLENDS WITH GASOIL IN A FURNACE
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2015, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 1977-1984 1977 THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS VEGETABLE OILS ON POLLUTANT EMISSIONS OF BIODIESEL BLENDS WITH GASOIL IN A FURNACE by Hamid Momahedi HERAVI a, Saeed
More informationCONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN HCCI DIESEL ENGINES
CONTROLLING COMBUSTION IN HCCI DIESEL ENGINES Nicolae Ispas *, Mircea Năstăsoiu, Mihai Dogariu Transilvania University of Brasov KEYWORDS HCCI, Diesel Engine, controlling, air-fuel mixing combustion ABSTRACT
More informationConversion Processes 1. THERMAL PROCESSES 2. CATALYTIC PROCESSES
Conversion Processes 1. THERMAL PROCESSES 2. CATALYTIC PROCESSES 1 Physical and chemical processes Physical Thermal Chemical Catalytic Distillation Solvent extraction Propane deasphalting Solvent dewaxing
More informationQ1. Useful fuels can be produced from crude oil. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
Q. Useful fuels can be produced from crude oil. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. (a) The table shows the boiling points of four of these hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon Boiling point in C methane, CH
More informationZEECO BURNER DIVISION
ZEECO BURNER DIVISION Enhanced Jet Flat Flame Burners GLSF Series 22151 EAST 91ST STREET BROKEN ARROW OK 74014 USA +1-918-258-8551 SALES@ZEECO.COM ZEECO.COM INTRODUCTION: This document discusses the advantages
More informationTHE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE COAL-WATER- FUEL (CWF)
THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE COAL-WATER- FUEL (CWF) Alaa M. Musalam and Abdel Fattah A. Qaraman Scientific Research Department, Israa University, Gaza, Palestine. ABSTRACT: Large deposits of coal in the
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CI ENGINE USING PALM OIL METHYL ESTER
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CI ENGINE USING PALM OIL METHYL ESTER Prof. Hitesh Muthiyan 1, Prof. Sagar Rohanakar 2, Bidgar Sandip 3, Saurabh Biradar 4 1,2,3,4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PGMCOE,
More informationHERCULES-2 Project. Deliverable: D8.8
HERCULES-2 Project Fuel Flexible, Near Zero Emissions, Adaptive Performance Marine Engine Deliverable: D8.8 Study an alternative urea decomposition and mixer / SCR configuration and / or study in extended
More informationHomogeneous Charge Compression Ignition combustion and fuel composition
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition combustion and fuel composition This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by
More informationAirejet. Low NOx Coal Burner. Type: Design features: NO X removal efficiencies:
Airejet Low NOx Coal Burner Unique low NO X coal burner with center air jet for use with overfire air (OFA) systems. Sleeve Damper Actuator Core Air Inlet Duct and Damper Pitot Grid Outer Spin Vanes Inner
More informationBiodiesel. As fossil fuels become increasingly expensive to extract and produce, bio-diesel is
Aaron Paternoster CHEM 380 10D Prof. Laurie Grove January 30, 2015 Biodiesel Introduction As fossil fuels become increasingly expensive to extract and produce, bio-diesel is proving to be an economically
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 8, August-2016 ISSN
ISSN 2229-5518 2417 Experimental Investigation of a Two Stroke SI Engine Operated with LPG Induction, Gasoline Manifold Injection and Carburetion V. Gopalakrishnan and M.Loganathan Abstract In this experimental
More informationBiodiesel Resistance of Thin Resin Cr-Free Steel Sheets for Fuel Tank
Engineering, 2011, 3, 491-499 doi:10.4236/eng.2011.35057 Published Online May 2011 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) Biodiesel Resistance of Thin Resin Cr-Free Steel Sheets for Fuel Tank Abstract Kyung-Hwan
More informationMaterial Science Research India Vol. 7(1), (2010)
Material Science Research India Vol. 7(1), 201-207 (2010) Influence of injection timing on the performance, emissions, combustion analysis and sound characteristics of Nerium biodiesel operated single
More informationNOx EMISSIONS OF A MILD COMBUSTION BURNER OPERATED WITH JET FUEL SURROGATES
NOx EMISSIONS OF A MILD COMBUSTION BURNER OPERATED WITH JET FUEL SURROGATES M. Derudi, R. Rota marco.derudi@polimi.it Politecnico di Milano, Dip. di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica G. Natta / CIIRCO,
More informationExperimental study on combustion of liquid renewable fuels
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS Volume 21, 2010 Editor J. J. Klemeš, H. L. Lam, P. S. Varbanov Copyright 2010, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-05-1 ISSN 1974-9791 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021077 457
More information