About Z Bio D. This initiative with Z is an effective way for Fonterra to integrate carbon savings into its supply chain almost immediately

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1 About Z Bio D Z Bio D: what is it? Z Bio D is a high quality, sustainable biodiesel that helps New Zealand s diesel community reduce emissions and reduce our environmental impact. Z Bio D is a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel. FAME biodiesels are manufactured from fat or oil by a chemical process called transesterification. The fat or oil reacts with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to make the FAME. Z s biodiesel is produced from tallow (an inedible animal fat), which is a by-product from New Zealand s meat industry. Biodiesel is typically sold as a biodiesel/diesel blend. Z will be selling a B5 blend of Z Bio D at the pump (a blend of up to 5% biodiesel with mineral diesel), and commercial customers who have compatible vehicles will also be able to buy B20 blends (or higher) by prior arrangement. Where can I get it? Z Bio D will be available to diesel users in the Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions. Z Bio D will progressively replace ordinary diesel at all service stations and truck stops in these regions. Depending on customer demand and economics, there is potential to offer Z Bio D in more regions. Kaitaia Paihia Northland WHANGAREI Can I use it? Because Z Bio D B5 meets the same specifications as ordinary diesel, vehicles and machinery with diesel engines can generally use biodiesel blends of up to 5% (B5) without any engine or fuel system modifications or any extra maintenance steps. Biodiesel is not a new fuel. It is already safely and commonly used across Europe, and many other countries around the world. Blends of up to 5% biodiesel are classified as regular diesel in New Zealand, so long as they adhere to strict product quality and regulatory standards. It s just business as usual for diesel drivers and diesel engines, with better environmental outcomes for the planet. Businesses and organisations with compatible diesel engines will be able to buy Z Bio D B20 which is a higher biodiesel blend of 20% biodiesel and ordinary diesel. This initiative with Z is an effective way for Fonterra to integrate carbon savings into its supply chain almost immediately LINDA THOMPSON, ENERGY MANAGER, FONTERRA Auckland Waitara Warkworth Pokeno Maramarua HAMILTON Waikato Te Kuiti Taumarunui Ngatea Waharoa Thames Tirau Tokoroa Kinleith Taupo Turangi Bay of Plenty & Thames Valley Mt Maunganui Papamoa Awakeri Kawerau ROTORUA Murupara Gisborne Fact Sheet: About Z Bio D 19 July 2016

2 Z Bio D: a quality fuel you can rely on Z takes product quality and customer peace of mind seriously. Z provides only the highest quality fuels to Kiwi motorists and has ensured that Z s pure (B100) biodiesel as well as B5 biodiesel blend (Z Bio D) follow rigorous product quality testing protocols. Z Bio D B5 will adhere to the following standards: Z Bio D B5 biodiesel Will meet New Zealand diesel fuel specifications Will meet New Zealand biodiesel specifications (at B100) Will meet European biodiesel specifications (at B100) Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association: approved up to B5 Drivers can switch between B5 and ordinary diesel any time Will improve lubricity of the fuel From tallow to pump: rigorous quality and batch testing To ensure fuel quality and safety standards, Z Bio D adheres to a rigorous product quality testing process. Each batch of Z Bio D is tested at every stage of the manufacturing process at our biodiesel plant in Wiri. The final product is batch tested at the plant before delivery to terminals and then again at the terminal before reaching the pumps (Z s service stations, truck stops and customer facilities). Check out Z Bio D s manufacturing and quality assurance process z.co.nz/zbiod-process Performance: Z Bio D: business as usual for diesel engines Z Bio D B5 meets the same New Zealand fuel specifications as mineral diesel and is classified as a standard diesel fuel, so generally no modifications to diesel engines or machinery will be required. It will also be safe to fill up with Z Bio D when ordinary diesel is already in the vehicle s tank and to switch between the two fuels at any time. Less wear and tear (improved lubricity) Compared to ordinary diesel, Z Bio D improves lubricity and will help reduce friction and wear on fuel system components. Climate performance Biodiesels from a tallow feedstock generally have poorer cold flow properties compared to ordinary diesel. However, in a B5 blend we expect the difference to be insignificant. Z Bio D B5 will meet the same cold flow fuel specifications as ordinary diesel. Supported by engine manufacturers The Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA), an international member body representing internal combustion engine makers, has issued a technical position statement on the use of biofuels in diesel engines. The EMA does not expect B5 biodiesel to cause any engine problems, so long as the B100 used for blending meets the European biodiesel standard (EN14214). For further information on biodiesel suitability for your diesel engine, please see: mia.org.nz/documents Fact Sheet: Z Bio D: a quality fuel you can rely on 16 May 2016

3 Z Bio D: the benefits In addition to being a high quality fuel, there are many reasons why diesel drivers should make the switch to Z Bio D. Z Bio D is good for the environment, your vehicle and you. Less carbon emissions: helping to fight climate change Z Bio D will replace 20 million litres a of mineral diesel annually. This is equal to: reducing New Zealand s carbon footprint by 37,000 b tonnes of CO2e (equivalent carbon dioxide) each year removing almost 17,000 c medium-sized diesel cars from New Zealand s roads that s enough cars to fill State Highway 5 from Taupō to Rotorua bumper to bumper d the average annual electricity consumption for 32,883 Kiwi households. e z.co.nz/zbiod-carbon Cleaner air Z Bio D burns more cleanly than ordinary diesel which creates less particulate matter in exhaust emissions. This means, compared to ordinary diesel, Z Bio D produces less of the air polluting emissions that are bad for air quality as well as human health. Less wear and tear (improved lubricity) Compared to ordinary diesel, Z Bio D has better lubricity and can reduce friction and wear on fuel system components. This means, if they are properly monitored and maintained, using biodiesel may help to extend the life of diesel engines. Better for business, better for the environment Businesses switching to Z Bio D will be doing their bit to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change, and demonstrate to staff, customers and other stakeholders that they are taking steps towards reducing their environmental impact. In today s competitive market, sustainability credentials may help a business stand out, such as in tenders or proposals. As it s made locally, using Z Bio D also shows support for Kiwi-made products and keeping jobs in New Zealand. a At full production. b Based on Lifecycle greenhouse gas emission model for New Zealand biodiesels, a 2009 URS report for EECA. c Equivalent of 16,819 medium sized diesel cars travelling an average of 28.5km per day, emitting kg of CO2e p/year. Sources: d Based on an average medium car length of 4.71m. e Based on an average household electricity usage of 8000khw per year, and average household size of 2.7 people per household. Sources: New Zealand made, sustainably Z Bio D is made right here in New Zealand, creating local jobs. The main feedstock used to produce biodiesel, tallow, is a by-product of the New Zealand agricultural industry, and is usually shipped overseas and used in other industries such as soap and candle manufacturing, and offshore biodiesel production. Tallow does not compete with food production as it is an existing by-product. Using it here in New Zealand rather than shipping it offshore helps to further reduce emissions. Using locally sourced tallow to locally manufacture biodiesel also helps to reduce New Zealand s reliance on imported fossil fuels. Fact Sheet: The Benefits

4 The Z biodiesel plant Plant history Z Bio D is produced in Wiri, Auckland and is the first commercial scale biodiesel production plant in New Zealand. The plant uses proven technology and global best practice to produce a very high quality biodiesel. Construction of the plant started in March Z has invested approximately $26 million to complete the plant and associated infrastructure. The plant will supply selected Z service stations and truck stops with biodiesel starting from late The plant was built without any government grants, subsidies, tax incentives, or mandates, the first in the world we can find. How much biofuel? Z s biodiesel plant will produce up to 20 million litres of biodiesel annually using inedible tallow, a by-product from New Zealand s meat industry. You can read more about tallow as a feedstock: z.co.nz/zbiod-tallow Z designed the plant to be scalable and there is potential for the plant to increase production of Z Bio D up to 40 million litres a year. If demand and the economics support the project, Z will consider investing in further biodiesel plants of a similar capacity. International best standards: cherry picking from the best Z s Wiri biodiesel plant is the result of more than four years of robust due diligence and engineering work. Z has benchmarked the plant s construction against global best practice of biodiesel manufacturing processes and has incorporated technologies specific to biodiesel production that have been continually refined during the past 17 years. Z has partnered with experts in the engineering and transport fuels refining sectors including Sulzer, a global expert specialising in state-of-the-art distillation columns. The distillation column at the Wiri plant. World-class distillation column Z s biodiesel plant features a sophisticated distillation column designed to ensure the highest levels of purity and produce high quality biodiesel. The distillation column enables Z Bio D to be refined to a level that not only meets but exceeds New Zealand biodiesel specifications. Fact Sheet: The Z biodiesel plant

5 Making Z Bio D: what s involved? Z has robust quality assurances in place to ensure Z Bio D is a high quality fuel that is fit for purpose and good for your vehicle. From sourcing the tallow, to selecting the technology used in the plant, then testing the final product, Z has considered the entire manufacturing process to ensure Z Bio D is sustainable, high quality, and meets all the required fuel specifications. Quality testing process Each batch of biodiesel manufactured at our Wiri plant is tested during every stage of the manufacturing process. Before Z Bio D is released from the plant, the final refined product will be rigorously batch-tested before it undergoes a final test at the terminal. Once at our service stations and truck stops, Z Bio D will be subject to the same robust processes as all our other fuels on site. Z s strict quality assurance process ensures that each batch of Z Bio D is in full compliance with the fuel specifications in New Zealand, as well as stringent European biodiesel specifications. Our infographic z.co.nz/zbiod-process on Z s biodiesel provides a snapshot of the entire process. World-class, proven technology Z s biodiesel production plant in Wiri is the proud result of more than four years of robust due diligence and engineering work. Z has benchmarked the plant s construction against global best practice of biodiesel manufacturing processes and technologies that have been continually refined during the last 17 years. Z has partnered with experts in the industry to equip Z s biodiesel plant with a sophisticated biodiesel distillation column. This column enables Z to produce an extremely high quality, pure finished biodiesel that exceeds New Zealand and European biodiesel specifications. Sustainably sourced Z developed strict sustainability and quality assurance criteria before selecting tallow, the main feedstock component used to make Z Bio D. Requirements included the following: The raw material had to be sourced locally from New Zealand. It could not compete with food production. The raw material could not adversely impact on the environment or require any additional processes for manufacturing that would impact on the lower carbon benefits of biodiesel. Security of sufficient long term supply. Tallow met all of these requirements and is the best possible feedstock available for all of these reasons. Security of supply At 20 million litres of annual production, this plant will use about 12% of New Zealand s total tallow production so there is plenty available should there be demand for more plants like this one. From well to wheels Examining how sustainable Z s biodiesel is from well to wheels (the life cycle from when the biodiesel is sourced to when it s used by customers) was also a big consideration for Z. Pure biodiesel (B100) made from New Zealand tallow creates 74% less carbon emissions from production through to use in vehicles (life cycle) when compared with ordinary diesel. At the B5 level, this equates to a reduction in carbon emissions of 3.7% from that produced from burning ordinary diesel. Fact Sheet: Making Z Bio D: what s involved?

6 Z Bio D: why tallow? The benefits of tallow Z Bio D is produced in New Zealand from inedible tallow, a locally sourced by-product of the New Zealand agricultural industry that would otherwise be shipped overseas for other uses. We are confident that tallow is the most suitable option for producing Z Bio D that is good for New Zealand and is as sustainable as possible. Z developed strict sustainability and quality assurance criteria before selecting tallow, the main feedstock component used to make Z Bio D. Tallow benefits include the following: It does not compete with food production as it is a by-product of an existing industry. It is locally sourced and does not adversely impact on the environment. It does not require any additional processes for manufacturing that would impact on the lower carbon benefits of biodiesel. There is a sufficient and long term supply. The available supply of tallow in New Zealand is sufficient to supply Z s current Wiri plant at a full 40 million litres per annum capacity (as well as a further two to three biodiesel plants of a similar capacity). It does not, in any way, create additional demand for animals. The tallow used in Z s biodiesel is an existing by-product of the New Zealand agricultural industry that would otherwise be shipped overseas. Fact Sheet: Why Tallow

7 Z Bio D B5 technical specifications Description Z Bio D B5 is a fuel product comprising up to 5% of Z s B100 biodiesel manufactured in Auckland, blended with ordinary mineral diesel. The B100 biodiesel conforms to the New Zealand Engine Fuel Specifications Regulations for biodiesel and meets the specifications detailed in the European biodiesel specification EN Z Bio D B5 meets the same Engine Fuel Specifications Regulations in New Zealand as for ordinary diesel. Generally all vehicle engine manufacturers accept that B5 biodiesel blends can be used in their vehicles with no modification. Health and safety Z Bio D B5 is classified according to Hazardous Substances (Classifications) Regulation 2001 as 9.1B Environmentally Hazardous Substance and 3.1D Flammable Liquid, Low Hazard. The UN number for transport is UN3082. All handling precautions of ordinary diesel apply to biodiesel. Avoid contact with the skin and eyes, and avoid breathing vapours or mists. For further guidance on product health and safety please refer to the Z Energy Safety Data Sheet for Diesel. Storage and maintenance The same storage, handling, and use practices for ordinary diesel apply to biodiesel (both users and suppliers). This includes making sure no free water gets into the tanks. Z biodiesel can be safely stored in tanks anywhere between 3 to 6 months, so long as fuel tanks are well maintained and good housekeeping practices are followed. Z Bio D B5 is classified as a standard diesel fuel and it is safe to use with ZDEC and after-exhaust treatment cleaners or devices as long as the same housekeeping and maintenance practices for diesel fuel are applied. Z Bio D B5 typical physical characteristics Description Units Methods Typical 15 C kg/l D1298/D C mm2/s D Ester content %vol EN14103 <5 % Flash point C D93 75 Sulphur mg/kg D2622/D Cetane number - D614 >51 Water mg/kg D Oxidation stability g/m3 D Total contamination mg/l IP440 5 Filterability test % mass IP Copper corrosion - D130 1a These characteristics are typical of current production. While future production will conform to Z Energy and legislated specifications, variations in these characteristics may occur. Fact Sheet: Z Bio D B5 technical specifications 16 May 2016