Joint Aviation Req u i rem en ts

Transcription

1 Joint Aviation Req u i rem en ts JAR-VLA Very Light Aeroplanes 26 April 1990 Ail Rights Reserved Printed and distributed by Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado, , U.S.A., on behalf of the Joint Aviation Authorities Committee.

2 The members of the Joint Aviation Authorities Committee are representatives of the Civil Aviation Authorities of the countries that have signed the Arrangements Concerning the Development and the Acceptance of Joint Aviation Requirements. A list of these countries is kept by Direction Generale de I Aviation Civile (DGAC) 246, Rue Lecourbe, Paris, Cedex 15, France.* Further printed copies of the Joint Aviation Authorities Documents can be purchased from Global Engineering Documents whose worldwide offices are listed on the JAA website ( and Global website ( For electronic versions of Joint Aviation Authorities Documents, please refer to the website of Information Handling Service (IHS) ( where you will find information on how to order. Enquiries regarding the contents should be addressed to JAA Headquarters, Saturnusstraat 8-10, PO Box 3000, 2130 KA HOOFDDORP, Netherlands (Fax No. (31) ). mese countries are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Noway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. ii

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4 JAR-VLA CONTENTS (Layout) JAR-VIA VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES FOREWORD CHECK LIST OF PAGES PREAMBLES SECTION 1 - REQUIREMENTS: 0 SUBPARTA - GENERAL SUBPART6 SUBPARTC SUBPARTD SUBPARTE SUBPARTF SUBPARTG - FLIGHT - STRUCTURE - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION - POWERPIANT - EQUIPMENT - OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION APPENDICES: A, B, C, F and H SECTION 2 - ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND INTERPRETATIONS (AU) c- 1

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6 JAR-VIA CONTENTS (Details) JAR-VIA VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES Paragraph FOREWORD CHECK LIST OF PAGES PREAMBLES Page F-1 CL-1 P- 1 0 SECTION 1 - REQUIREMENTS General and Presentation SUBPART A - GENERAL JAR-VIA 1 JAR-VIA 3 Applicability Aeroplane Categories 1 -A-1 1 -A-1 JAR-VIA 21 JAR-VU 23 JAR-VIA 25 JAR-VIA 29 JAR-VIA 33 SUBPART B - FLIGHT GENERAL Proof of compliance Load distribution limits Weight limits Empty weight and corresponding centre of gravity Propeller speed and pitch limits JAR-VU 45 General JAR-VIA 49 Stalling speed JAR-VIA 51 Take-off JAR-VIA 65 Climb JAR-VIA 75, Landing JAR-VIA 77 Balked landing PERFORMANCE FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS JAR-VIA 141 General CONTROLLABILITY AND MANOEUVRABILITY JAR-VU 143 General JAR-VIA 145 Longitudinal control JAR-VIA 153 Control during landings JAR-VIA 155 Elevator control forces in manoeuvres JAR-VLA 157 Rate of roll c-3 ~- ~

7 JAR-VLA Paragraph JAR-VLA 161 Trim TRIM Page 1-84 STABILITY JAR-VLA 171 General JAR-VLA 173 Static longitudinal stability JAR-VIA 175 Demonstration of static longitudinal stability JAR-VIA 177 Static directional and lateral stability JAR-VLA 181 Dynamic stability JAR-VLA 201 Wings level stall JAR-VLA 203 Turning flight and accelerated stalls JAR-VLA 207 Stall warning STALLS JAR-VU 221 Spinning SPINNING GROUND AND WATER HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS JAR-VLA 231 Longitudinal stability and control JAR-VIA 233 Directional stability and control JAR-VLA 235 Taxying condition JAR-VLA 239 Spray characteristics JAR-VLA 251 Vibration and buffeting MISCELLANEOUS FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS SUBPART C - STRUCTURE JAR-VU 301 Loads JAR-VLA 303 Factor of safety JAR-VLA 305 Strength and deformation JAR-VLA 307 Proof of structure GENERAL 1 -c-1 1 -c-1 1 -c-1 1 -c-1 JAR-VIA 321 General JAR-VIA 331 Symmetrical flight Conditions JAR-VIA 333 Flight envelope JAR-VIA 335 Design airspeeds JAR-VLA 337 Limit manoeuvring load factors JAR-VLA 341 Gust load factors JAR-VU 345 High lift devices JAR-VLA 347 Unsymmetrical flight conditions JAR-VIA 349 Rolling conditions JAR-VIA 351 Yawing conditions JAR-VLA 361 Engine torque JAR-VLA 363 Side load on engine mount JAR-VIA 369 Special conditions for rear lift truss JAR-VLA 373 Speed control devices FLIGHT LOADS 1 -c-1 1 -c-1 1 -c-2 1 -c-3 1 -c-3 1 -c-3 1 -c-3 1 -c4 1 -c4 1 -c-4 1 -c4 1 -c c-4

8 JAR-VU Paragraph JAR-VIA 391 Control surface loads JAR-VIA 395 Control system loads JAR-VIA 397 Limit control forces and torques JAR-VIA 399 Dual control systems JAR-VIA 405 Secondary control system JAR-VIA 407 Trim tab effects JAR-VIA 409 Tabs JAR-VIA 415 Ground gust conditions JAR-VIA 421 JAR-VIA 423 JAR-VIA 425 JAR-VIA 427 Balancing loads Manoeuvring loads Gust loads Unsymmetrical loads CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEM LOADS HORIZONTAL TAIL SURFACES Page 1 -c-5 1 -c-5 1 -c-5 1 -C-6 1 -C-6 1 -C-6 1 -C-6 1 -C C-6 1 -C JAR-VIA 441 JAR-VIA 443 JAR-VIA 445 Manoeuvring loads Gust loads Outboard fins VERTICAL TAIL SURFACES 1 -C-8 1 -c-9 1 -c-9 JAR-VIA 447 JAR-VIA 449 JAR-VIA 455 JAR-VIA 457 JAR-VIA 459 JAR-VIA 471 JAR-VLA 473 JAR-VIA 477 JAR-VIA 479 JAR-VIA 481 JAR-VIA 403 JAR-VIA 485 JAR-VIA 493 JAR-VIA 497 JAR-VIA 499 JAR-VLA 505 SUPPLEMENTARY CONDITIONS FOR TAIL SURFACES Combined loads on tail surfaces Additional loads applicable to V-tails Ailerons Wing flaps Special devices AILERONS, WING FLAPS AND SPECIAL DEVICES GROUND LOADS General Ground load conditions and assumptions Landing gear arrangement Level landing conditions Tail-down landing conditions One-wheel landing conditions Side load conditions Braked roll conditions Supplementary conditions for tail wheels Supplementary conditions for nose wheels Supplementary conditions for ski-planes 1 -c-9 1 -c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c-12 JAR-VIA 521 Water load conditions WATER LOADS 1 -c-12 JAR-VIA 561 General EMERGENCY UNDING CONDITIONS 1 -c-12 FATIGUE EVALUATION JAR-VLA 572 Parts of structure critical to safety 1 -c-13 c-5 I

9 JAR-VIA Paragraph SUBPART D - DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION GENERAL JAR-VIA 601 General JAR-VU 603 Materials and workmanship JAR-VIA 605 Fabrication methods JAR-ViA 607 Self-locking nuts JAR-VIA 609 Protection of structure JAR-VIA 61 1 Accessibility JAR-ViA 61 3 Material strength properties and design values JAR-VIA 61 5 Design properties JAR-VIA 61 9 Special factors JAR-VIA 621 Casting factors JAR-VIA 623 Bearing factors JAR-VIA 625 Fitting factors JAR-VIA 627 Fatigue strength JAR-VIA 629 Flutter Page 1 -D-1 1 -D D-1 1 -D D D D e JAR-VIA 641 Proof of strength JAR-VIA 651 Proof of strength JAR-VIA 655 Installation JAR-VIA 657 Hinges JAR-VIA 659 Mass balance WINGS ' CONTROL SURFACES D-3 1-D JAR-VIA 671 General JAR-VIA 673 Primary flight controls JAR-VIA 675 Stops JAR-VIA 677 Trim systems JAR-VIA 679 Control system locks JAR-VIA 681 Limit load static tests JAR-VIA 683 Operation tests JAR-VIA 685 Control system details JAR-VU 687 Spring devices JAR-VIA 689 Cable systems JAR-VIA 693 Joints JAR-VU 697 Wing flap controls JAR-VLA 699 Wing flap position indicator JAR-VU 701 Flap interconnection CONTROL SYSTEMS LANDING GEAR JAR-VU 723 Shock absorption tests JAR-VLA 725 Limit drop tests JAR-VLA 726 Ground load dynamic tests JAR-VU 727 Reserve energy absorption drop tests JAR-VIA 729 Landing gear extension and retraction system JAR-VIA 731 Wheels JAR-VIA 733 Tyres JAR-VIA 735 Brakes JAR-VIA 737 Skis 1-D4 1-D4 1-D D D-5 1 -D-5 1 -D-5 1 -D-5 1 -D-5 1 -D-5 1 -D-6 1 -D-6 1 -D-6 1 -D-6 1 -D-7 1 -D D-8 1 -D e a C-6

10 JAR-VIA Paragraph JAR-VIA 751 JAR-VLA 753 JAR-VIA 757 Main float buoyancy Main float design Auxiliary floats FLOATS AND HULLS Page D-9 1 -D-9 JAR-VIA 771 JAR-VIA 773 JAR-VIA 775 JAR-VLA 777 JAR-VIA 779 JAR-VIA 781 JAR-VLA 783 JAR-VIA 785 JAR-VIA 787 JAR-VIA a07 JAR-VIA a31 JAR-VIA a53 JAR-VIA a57 JAR-VIA a63 JAR-VLA 065 PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS Pilot compartment Pilot compartment view Windshields and windows Cockpit controls Motion and effect of cockpit controls Cockpit control knob shape Exits Seats, safety belts and harnesses Baggage compartments Emergency exits Ventilation FIRE PROTECTION Compartment interiors Electrical bonding Flammable fluid fire protection Fire protection of flight controls and other flight structure 1 -D-9 1 -D D-9 1 -D-I D D d D d D d D JAR-VIA 871 Levelling means MISCELLANEOUS 1-D-13 SUBPART E - POWERPLANT JAR-VLA 901 Installation JAR-VLA 903 Engines JAR-ViA 905 Propellers JAR-VIA 907 Propeller vibration JAR-VIA 909 Superchargers JAR-VLA 925 Propeller clearance JAR-ViA 943 Negative acceleration GENERAL 1 -E-1 1 -E-1 1 -E-1 1 -E-1 1 -E-1 1 -E-1 1 -E-2 0 FUEL SYSTEM JAR-VIA 951 General JAR-VIA 955 Fuel flow JAR-VIA 957 Flow between interconnected tanks JAR-VIA 959 Unusable fuel supply JAR-VLA 961 Fuel system hot weather operation JAR-VIA 963 Fuel tanks: general JAR-VU 965 Fuel tank tests JAR-VU 967 Fuel tank installation JAR-VU 969 Fuel tank expansion space JAR-VU 971 Fuel tank sump JAR-VU 973 Fuel tank filler connection JAR-VIA 975 Fuel tank vents and carburettor vapour vents JAR-VIA 977 Fuel strainer or filter 1 -E-2 1 -E-2 1 -E-2 1 -E-3 1 -E-3 1 -E-3 1 -E-3 1 -E-3 1 -E4 1 -E4 1 -E4 1 -E4 1 -E4 c-7

11 JAR-VU Paragraph JAR-VIA 991 Fuel pumps JAR-VIA 993 Fuel system lines and fittings JAR-ViA 995 Fuel valves and controls JAR-VIA 999 Fuel system drains FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS Page 1 -E-5 1 -E4 1 -E-5 1 -E4 JAR-VIA General JAR-VIA Oil tanks JAR-VIA Oil tank tests JAR-VLA Oil lines and fittings JAR-VIA Oil strainer or filter JAR-VIA 1021 Oil system drains JAR-VIA 1023 Oil radiators OIL SYSTEM COOLING JAR-VIA 1041 General JAR-VIA 1047 Cooling test procedure for reciprocating engine aeroplanes JAR-ViA 1061 Installation JAR-VIA 1063 Coolant tank tests LIQUID COOLING 1-E-7 1 -E-8 JAR-VIA 1091 Air induction JAR-VIA 1093 Induction system icing protection JAR-VIA Carburettor air preheater design JAR-VIA Induction system ducts JAR-VIA Induction system screens JAR-VIA General JAR-VIA Exhaust manifold JAR-VIA Exhaust heat exchangers JAR-VIA General JAR-VIA Engine controls JAR-VIA Ignition switches JAR-VIA Mixture control JAR-VIA Powerplant accessories JAR-VIA Engine ignition systems JAR-VIA Nacelle areas behind firewalls JAR-VIA Lines, fittings and components JAR-VIA Firewalls JAR-ViA Cowling and nacelle INDUCTION SYSTEM EXHAUST SYSTEM POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES POWERPIANT FIRE PROTECTION 1 -E-8 1 -E-8 1 -E-8 1 -E-8 1 -E E E-9 1 -E lo 1 -E E-10 1-E E E E-1 1 C-8

12 JAR-VIA Paragraph Page SUBPART F - EQUIPMENT GENERAL JAR-VIA 1301 Function and installation JAR-VIA 1303 Flight and navigation instruments JAR-VIA 1305 Powerplant instruments JAR-VIA 1307 Miscellaneous equipment JAR-VIA 1309 Equipment, systems and installations INSTRUMENTS: INSTALLATION JAR-VIA 1321 Arrangement and visibility JAR-VIA 1322 Warning, caution and advisory lights JAR-VIA 1323 Airspeed indicating system JAR-VIA 1325 Static pressure system JAR-VIA 1327 Magnetic direction indicator JAR-VIA 1331 Instruments using a power supply JAR-VIA 1337 Powerplant instruments ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT JAR-ViA 1351 General JAR-VIA 1353 Storage battery design and installation JAR-VIA 1357 Circuit protective devices JAR-VIA 1361 Master switch arrangement JAR-VIA 1365 Electric cables and eauipment.. JAR-VIA 1367 Switches 1 -F-1 1 -F-1 1 -F-1 1 -F-1 1-F-1 1 -F-1 1 -F-1 1 -F-2 1 -F- 1 -F-2 1 -F-2 1 -F-2 1 -F-3 1 -F-3 1 -F-4 1 -F4 1 -F4 1 -F4 JAR-VIA 1384 External lights JAR-VIA General LIGHTS SAFETY EQUlPMENT 1 -F-5 1 -F-5 MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT JAR-VIA 1431 Electronic equipment JAR-VIA 1436 Hydraulic manually-powered brake systems 1 -F-5 1 -F-5 SUBPART G - OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION JAR-VIA 1501 General JAR-VIA 1505 Airspeed limitations JAR-VIA 1507 Manoeuvring speed JAR-VLA Flap extended speed JAR-VIA Weight and centre of gravity JAR-VIA 1521 Powerplant limitations JAR-VIA 1525 Kinds of operation JAR-VLA 1529 Maintenance manual 1 -G G-1 1 -G-1 1 -G-1 1 -G-1 1 -G-2 1 -G-2 c-9

13 JAR-VU Paragraph MARKINGS AND PLACARDS JAR-VLA 1541 General JAR-VLA 1543 Instrument markings: general JAR-VLA 1545 Airspeed indicator JAR-VIA 1547 Magnetic direction indicator JAR-VIA 1549 Powerplant instruments JAR-VLA 1551 Oil quantity indicator JAR-VIA 1555 Control markings JAR-VLA 1557 Miscellaneous markings and placards JAR-VIA 1559 Operating limitations placards JAR-VLA 1561 Safety equipment AEROPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL AND APPROVED MANUAL MATERIAL JAR-VU 1581 General JAR-VLA 1583 Operating limitations JAR-VU 1585 Operating data and procedures JAR-VLA 1587 Performance information JAR-VU 1589 Loading information Page 1 -G-2 1 -G-2 1 -G-2 1 -G-3 1 -G-3 1 -G-3 1 -G-3 1 -G G4 1 - G4 1 -G4 1 -G4 1 -G-5 1 -G-5 1 -G-6 e Appendix A Appendix 6 Appendix C Appendix F Appendix H APPENDICES 1 -App A-1 1 -ADP B-1 1 -App C App F-1 1 -App H-1 SECTION 2 ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND INTERPREfATlONS (ACJ) c-10

14 JAR-VLA FOREWORD 1 The Civil Aviation Authorities of certain European countries have agreed common comprehensive and detailed airworthiness requirements (referred to as the Joint Aviation Requirements (JAR)) with a view to minimising Type Certification problems on joint ventures, and also to facilitate the export and import of aviation products. 2 The JAR are recognised by the Civil Aviation Authorities of participating countries as an acceptable basis for showing compliance with their national airworthiness codes. 3 FAR Part 23 of the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States of America has been selected to provide the format, and where appropriate, content, of the JAR for Very Light Aeroplanes * (JAR-VLA). 4 Certain of the requirements of this JAR-VLA, in particular those in Subpart F, call for the installation of equipment and in some cases prescribe requirements for the design and performance of that equipment. These requirements, in common with the remainder of JAR-VLA are intended to be acceptable to all Participating Authorities as showing compliance with their National Code for type certification purposes, but it should be borne in mind that an importing country may require equipment additional to those in this JAR for operational purposes. 5 The performance requirements of Subparts B and G have been developed on the assumption that the resulting scheduled performance data will be used in conjunction with performance operating rules which are complementary to these performance requirements. 6 Future development of the requirements for this JAR will be in accordance with the agreed amendment procedures. Broadly, these procedures are such that amendment of JAR-VLA can be proposed by the Civil Aviation Authority of any of the participating countries and by any organisation represented on the Joint Steering Assembly. 7 The Civil Aviation Authorities have agreed they should not unilaterally initiate amendment of their national codes without having made a proposal for amendment of the JAR-VLA in accordance with the agreed procedure. 8 Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in this JAR-VLA are contained in JAR-1, Definitions and Abbreviations. 9 Amendments to the text in this JAR-VLA are usually issued initially as 'Orange Paper' Amendments. These show an effective date and have the same status and applicability as JAR-VLA from that date. Orange Paper Amendments are incorporated into the printed text by means of a 'Change'. 10 New, amended and corrected text is enclosed within heavy brackets. *A Very Light Aeroplane is defined as one of not more than 750 kg Maximum Certificated Take-off Weight. F-1

15 JAR-VIA JOINT AVIATION REQUIREMENTS CHECK LIST OF PAGES VERY LIGHT AEROPLANES FIRST ISSUE, DATED The following pages of JAR-VU are now current: Page No Title Page ii c-1 to c-10 F- 1 F-2 CL-1 CL-2 P- 1 P A-1 1 -A-2 1 -B-1 to C-1 to 1-C-14 1-D-1 to 1-D E-1 to 1 -E F-1 to 1 -F-6 1 -G-1 to 1 -G-6 1 -App A-1 to 1 -App A-8 1 -App 6-1 to 1 -App App C-1. l-appc-2 1 -App F-1 1 -App F-2 1 -App H-1 to 1 -App H to 2-12 Legend - CL- 1

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