Contamination Recovery Rate Using Statistical Process Control. Sean Toler
|
|
- Loreen Fowler
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Contamination Recovery Rate Using Statistical Process Control Sean Toler October 5, 2017
2 Statisitics and Microbiology Challenges On Data Sets Cleanroom microbiology testing results have a majority of samples with results of 0 CFU. On Test Assays Different tests have different recovery abilities. On Personnel Statistical knowledge among microbiologists varies person to person. Resource Constraints Tools need to be flexible to allow use for multiple sample types. External Presentation 2
3 What is Contamination Recovery Rate? Enumeration Individual results (Count / Plate) Compare magnitude to existing Limits React when limits exceeded Contamination Recovery Rate By Sample Site / Type (%) Regardless of count magnitude (1=70CFU) Samples over time (e.g. monthly, weekly) 70 CFU/Plate 11% Recovery Rate External Presentation 3
4 Why Contamination Recovery Rate? Microorganisms may be in a clump when recovery assay occurs. Can lead to colony growth that makes it difficult to count/compare results to Action/Alert Limits External Presentation 4
5 Why Contamination Recovery Rate? Here is a normality test of the presterilization bioburden example used later on in this presentation a. Normally distributed data allows use of more statistical tools b. Trend Analysis much easier to technically justify with normal distribution External Presentation 5
6 Why Contamination Recovery Rate? Different recovery methods have different recovery percentages: a. Example: Surface Sampling Difference in recovery ability Inherent differences in personnel technique Membrane Filtration Direct Swab Contact Plate Flexibility: Can be used on any non-sterile assay: a. Product BB, EM, WFI b. Especially useful in Grade C/D environments (more likely to recover) c. We strive for no growth, so a grow/no grow monitoring system is desirable/useful. External Presentation 6
7 What is Statistical Process Control? Definition Statistical process control involves getting a process to consistently operate to its full potential and continually improving in performance through the use of control chart tools. About Data Sets Variation always exists. Even identical processes using the same equipment, personnel, product, etc. will experience variation. Variation can be routine or exceptional. Process Behavior Charts Data points plotted in a time series. Central Line (Mean) plotted. 3σ limits plotted for upper control and lower control. Contamination Recovery Rate Individual Values charts are utilized when subgroup n=1. External Presentation 7
8 Recovery Rate Statistical Process Control Analyzing Data Set via Individual Values Control Charts 3σ (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 1σ (UCL) Center Line (Mean) 1σ (LCL) 2σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) Time External Presentation 8
9 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Month 13 Recovery Rate (%) How to Identify Exceptional Variation Rule 1 Rule 1: One data point that is greater than the 3σ UCL σ (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 10 1σ (UCL) Mean 1σ (LCL) 2σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) 2 0 Time Based on Nelson s Rules. We have highlighted 4 rules most useful for our recovery rate analysis. External Presentation 9
10 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Month 13 Recovery Rate (%) How to Identify Exceptional Variation Rule 2 Rule 2: Two out of three consecutive data points that are greater than the 2σ UCL σ (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 1σ (UCL) Mean 1σ (LCL) 2σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) 2 0 Time Based on Nelson s Rules. We have highlighted 4 rules most useful for our recovery rate analysis. External Presentation 10
11 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Month 13 Recovery Rate (%) How to Identify Exceptional Variation Rule 3 Rule 3: Four out of five consecutive data points that are greater than the 1σ UCL σ (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 8 1σ (UCL) 6 Mean 4 1σ (LCL) 2 2σ (LCL) 0 3σ (LCL) Time Based on Nelson s Rules. We have highlighted 4 rules most useful for our recovery rate analysis. External Presentation 11
12 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Month 13 Recovery Rate (%) How to Identify Exceptional Variation Rule 4 Rule 4: Eight consecutive data points that are greater than the mean σ (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 20 1σ (UCL) Mean σ (LCL) 2σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) 5 0 Time Based on Nelson s Rules. We have highlighted 4 rules most useful for our recovery rate analysis. External Presentation 12
13 Responses to Process Instability (Exceptional Variation) Justifiable to Look for Assignable Cause: When Cause Is Identified, Act: If Assignable Cause Is Not Immediately Identifiable, Keep Track: Special Project / Initiative may be required External Presentation 13
14 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Month 13 Recovery Rate (%) Voice of the Process vs. Voice of the Customer 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% ISO 8 3σ (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 1σ (UCL) Voice of the Customer Requirements that the product / process must meet Voice of the Process 6.00% Mean 1σ (LCL) How the process is actually performing 2σ (LCL) 4.00% 3σ (LCL) 2.00% The Voice of the Process will be within the Voice of the Customer range for a process within control. 0.00% Time External Presentation 14
15 Voice of the Process vs. Voice of the Customer Important! Never confuse the control chart limits with specification limits. Control Chart limits are calculated each time from the process data and represents Voice of the Process Guide for predicting behavior and/or preemptively act when variation in data exists. Specification limits represent Voice of the Customer requirements product must meet. External Presentation 15
16 Case Study Data Disclaimer All data shared throughout the presentation has been developed to illustrate the concepts of the SPC approach. External Presentation 16
17 Intro to Case Study #1 Background The following slides contain information on viable surface samples (EM) collected on a monthly basis at facility with product that is Aseptically Processed. Scope All surface samples in scope were collected in an ISO Class 8 environment. For each month, an average of ~250 surfaces samples were collected. Specific Case Details At the time of the data collection, statistical process control was not in use to analyze the data (this is a retroactive review). The facility has a specification contamination recovery rate limit of 10% (USP <1116>) External Presentation 17
18 Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Recovery Rate (%) Environmental Monitoring Surfaces - Case Study # % 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% Out of Specification Limit (Rule 1; Rule 2 Voice of Customer) Exceptional Variation (Rule 1 Voice of the Process) Corrective Action 3σ (UCL) ISO 8 3σ (UCL) 3σ 3σ 2σ (UCL) 3σ 2σ (UCL) 3σ 2σ (UCL) 2σ 1σ 1σ (UCL) (UCL) 2σ 1σ (UCL) 1σ 1σ Mean (UCL) Mean (UCL) 1σ Mean Mean 1σ (LCL) (LCL) 1σ 1σ (LCL) 2σ (LCL) 1σ 2σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) 2σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) 2σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) 3σ (LCL) 2.00% 0.00% Time External Presentation 18
19 Summary of Case Study #1 What Happened? Starting in Month 14, the facility would have seen an uptick in recovery rate that would have led up to an Exceptional Variation rule violation (Rule 1-one point above the 3σ limit) in Month 18; however, at this time no Preventative Action took place because the facility was not using SPC. The Month 19 data showed that data was above the USP <1116> guidance limit for contamination recovery rate when it exceeded 10%. The reaction led to a Corrective Action which drove the recovery rate back down to the mean in Month 20. Significance If using SPC and contamination recovery rate, the out of specification condition could have been potentially avoided because the previous month signaled Exceptional Variation, which would lead to a Preventative Action. SPC offers proactive response driven by data. External Presentation 19
20 Intro to Case Study #2 Background The following slides contain mix tank product solution bioburden samples collected on a monthly basis at a facility with product that is Terminally Sterilized via moist heat. Scope All bioburden samples in scope were collected in a Grade D environment from one mix tank. For each month, an average of ~125 samples were collected from the specific mix tank. Specific Case Details At the time of the data collection, statistical process control was not in use to analyze the data (this is a retroactive review). This facility uses a P-chart to determine the monthly limit for ratio of samples that are above alert limits for trend analysis. External Presentation 20
21 Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Recovery Rate (%) Mix Tank Bioburden SPC Trend Analysis - Case Study #2 6.00% 5.00% 4.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% Exceptional Variation (Rule 1) 3σ (UCL) 3σ 3σ 2σ (UCL) (UCL) 2σ 2σ (UCL) 1σ (UCL) 1σ (UCL) 1σ 1σ (UCL) (UCL) Mean Mean Mean 0.00% Time External Presentation 21
22 Month Month 1 Month Month 2 Month Month 3 Month Month 4 Month Month 5 Month Month 6 Month Month 7 Month Month 8 Month Month Month Month Month Month OOL Rate(%) Mix Tank Bioburden SPC Trend Analysis - Case Study # % 10% 9.00% 9% 8.00% 8% 7.00% 7% One month Data following Set for Month Exceptional 21 had Exceptional Variation (Month Variation 22) (Previous Slide) (Rule 1) 6.00% 6% 5.00% 5% 4.00% 4% Out of Limit Trend Identified Formal Investigation Within Trend Limits (No Action) 3.00% 3% 2.00% 2% 1.00% 1% 0.00% 0% Time External Presentation 22
23 Summary of Case Study #2 What Happened? In Month 21, the facility would have identified an Exceptional Variation rule violation (Rule 1- one point above the 3σ limit); however, at this time no Preventative Action took place because the facility was not using SPC. The traditional trending tool (comparing # samples over Alert Limit to trend limit) did not signal an investigation for Month 21. The following month s data (Month 22) did signal an investigation due to an elevated number of samples over the Alert Limit. Significance If using SPC and contamination recovery rate, the out of trend condition could have been potentially avoided because the previous month signaled Exceptional Variation, which would lead to a Preventative Action. SPC offers a more sensitive monitor of system quality. If SPC is detecting drifts, but Alert/Action Levels do not, perhaps these levels should be assessed. External Presentation 23
24 Intro to Case Study #3 Background The following slides contain WFI bioburden samples collected on a monthly basis at two (2) facility locations (A and B). Scope All WFI samples in scope collected at the respective facilities. Each facility collects >40 samples per month. Both systems utilized different combinations of equipment/processes to produce WFI. Specific Case Details At the time of the data collection, statistical process control was not in use to analyze the data in either facility (this is a retroactive review). The following slide shows a side-by-side comparison of two (2) facilities. External Presentation 24
25 Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Multiple Facility WFI Comparison - Case Study #3 4.00% 3.50% 3.00% 2.50% 2.00% 1.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.00% Facility A 3σ 3σ (UCL) (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 1σ (UCL) Mean 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% Facility B 3σ (UCL) 3σ 3σ (UCL) 2σ (UCL) 3σ 3σ 2σ (UCL) 2σ 2σ 2σ 1σ 1σ (UCL) (UCL) 1σ 1σ Mean Mean (UCL) (UCL) Mean Mean 0.00% External Presentation 25
26 Summary of Case Study #3 What Happened? In Month 17, Facility B would have identified an Exceptional Variation rule violation, Facility B also experienced Exceptional Variation data sets for the following two (2) months. Over the same time period, Facility A experienced only Routine Variation. From Month 8 through Month 11, Facility B experienced a sustained downtrend in recovery. What was going on during this time period to account for the increased control? Can that be duplicated? Facility A had a mean of ~1% and Facility B had a mean of ~5%. What can account for these differences? Significance Production of WFI is not standardized for each facility (different combinations of equipment can produce WFI as necessary for the product). The Exceptional Variations in the data set would intiate Preventative Actions in Facility B that could potentially improve quality to match Facility A. Comparing the SPC allows the corporate functions to monitor the differences between facility systems and standardize those which have better data sets, which can lead to continuous improvement through harmonization and collaboration. External Presentation 26
27 Why Statistical Process Control w/ Recovery Rate? Advantages Data sets follow a normal distribution. Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an established mechanism for Quality Control in industry (easy to learn, use and maintain). Flexibility The tool can be Plug and Play. Combination of validated tool and guidance can lead to easy to follow stats training/knowledge for local microbiologists. Can be used retrospectively to compare past with present. More Sensitive monitor that can preemptively identify signals compared to Action/Alert excursions. Investigations signaled before system is off the rails. Ratio of Preventative to Corrective Actions (health of CAPA). Greater confidence in data analysis. Data driven Preventative Actions. Harmonization of facility systems for companies with multiple locations producing similar products/materials. External Presentation 27
28 References 1. United States Pharmacopeia. USP 40 NF 35, Microbiological Control and Monitoring of Aseptic Processing Environments <1116> Rockville, MD: USP; 2017: Acknowledgements / Thank You-s PDA Midwest Roy McLean and Mike Sadowski. External Presentation 28
29 Thank You
User Guide. Pall Laboratory Manifold. For laboratory use. Not for use in a manner other than indicated. Introduction. Regulatory References
www.pall.com/lab User Guide Pall Laboratory Manifold For laboratory use. Not for use in a manner other than indicated. Introduction Application and Intended Use The membrane filtration (MF) technique is
More informationOKLAHOMA CORPORATION COMMISSION REGULATED ELECTRIC UTILITIES 2018 RELIABILITY SCORECARD
OKLAHOMA CORPORATION COMMISSION REGULATED ELECTRIC UTILITIES 2018 RELIABILITY SCORECARD June 1, 2018 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction...3 2.0 Summary...3 3.0 Purpose...3 4.0 Definitions...4 5.0 Analysis...5
More informationOKLAHOMA CORPORATION COMMISSION REGULATED ELECTRIC UTILITIES 2017 RELIABILITY SCORECARD
OKLAHOMA CORPORATION COMMISSION REGULATED ELECTRIC UTILITIES 2017 RELIABILITY SCORECARD May 1, 2017 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction...3 2.0 Summary...3 3.0 Purpose...3 4.0 Definitions...4 5.0 Analysis...5
More informationWHITE PAPER. Preventing Collisions and Reducing Fleet Costs While Using the Zendrive Dashboard
WHITE PAPER Preventing Collisions and Reducing Fleet Costs While Using the Zendrive Dashboard August 2017 Introduction The term accident, even in a collision sense, often has the connotation of being an
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025: and the Directive 93/42/EEC 2 and 90/385/EEC 3
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-18398-02-02 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 1 and the Directive 93/42/EEC 2 and 90/385/EEC 3 Period of validity: 26.02.2018
More informationAlbert Sanzari IE-673 Assignment 5
Albert Sanzari IE-673 Assignment 5 1. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method used to make sure customer s needs and wants are a main focus of the product or service s design and production. The
More informationPVP Field Calibration and Accuracy of Torque Wrenches. Proceedings of ASME PVP ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Conference PVP2011-
Proceedings of ASME PVP2011 2011 ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Conference Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels July 17-21, & Piping 2011, Division Baltimore, Conference Maryland PVP2011 July
More informationXIII Statistical Process Control
MATHEMATICS 01-510-LW Business Statistics Martin Huard Fall 008 1. Suppose the statistics x = 14.1 and R= 17.5 are obtained from 50 samples of size 9. a) What is the centerline and the control limits for
More informationIndustry guidance on monitoring and control of microbial contamination in the aviation fuel supply chain
Industry guidance on monitoring and control of microbial contamination in the aviation fuel supply chain DLA Energy Worldwide Energy Conference Gaylord Convention Center April 11th 2017 Leon O Malley,
More informationOperations Management - II Post Graduate Program Session 13. Vinay Kumar Kalakbandi Assistant Professor Operations & Systems Area
Operations Management - II Post Graduate Program 2015-17 Session 13 Vinay Kumar Kalakbandi Assistant Professor Operations & Systems Area 2/27/2016 Vinay Kalakbandi 1 Recap Agenda Statistical Quality Control
More informationJune Safety Measurement System Changes
June 2012 Safety Measurement System Changes The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration s (FMCSA) Safety Measurement System (SMS) quantifies the on-road safety performance and compliance history of
More informationAsian paper mill increases control system utilization with ABB Advanced Services
Case Study Asian paper mill increases control system utilization with ABB Advanced Services A Southeast Asian paper mill has 13 paper machines, which creates significant production complexity. They have
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL18398-02-01 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 26.02.2018 to 25.02.2023 Holder of certificate: SAL
More informationToner Cartridge Evaluation Report # Cartridge Type: EY3-OCC5745
Toner Cartridge Evaluation Report # 03-236 Cartridge Type: EY3-OCC5745 July 31, 2003 Cartridges submitted for evaluation by ELT 708 W.Kenosha Broken Arrow, OK Evaluation and Report By: National Center
More informationUnderstanding the benefits of using a digital valve controller. Mark Buzzell Business Manager, Metso Flow Control
Understanding the benefits of using a digital valve controller Mark Buzzell Business Manager, Metso Flow Control Evolution of Valve Positioners Digital (Next Generation) Digital (First Generation) Analog
More informationThe Design Aspects of Metal- Polymer Bushings in Compressor Applications
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2006 The Design Aspects of Metal- Polymer Bushings in Compressor Applications Christopher
More informationQUALITY ASSURANCE & LAB ACCREDITATION
TOP 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE & LAB ACCREDITATION Control Charts Accreditation of laboratories 6./7.Dec 2011 Workshop ANKARA TOP 9 Quality 1 TOP 9 QUALITY ASSURANCE & LAB ACCREDITATION Control Charts Accreditation
More informationAre you as confident and
64 March 2007 BY BOB PATTENGALE Although Mode $06 is still a work in progress, it can be used to baseline a failure prior to repairs, then verify the accuracy of the diagnosis after repairs are completed.
More informationDepartment of Market Quality and Renewable Integration November 2016
Energy Imbalance Market March 23 June 3, 216 Available Balancing Capacity Report November 1, 216 California ISO Department of Market Quality and Renewable Integration California ISO i TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationThermal Management: Key-Off & Soak
Thermal Management: Key-Off & Soak A whitepaper discussing the issues automotive engineers face every day attempting to accurately predict thermal conditions during thermal transients Exa Corporation 2015/16
More informationPassenger seat belt use in Durham Region
Facts on Passenger seat belt use in Durham Region June 2017 Highlights In 2013/2014, 85 per cent of Durham Region residents 12 and older always wore their seat belt when riding as a passenger in a car,
More informationRAA Member Panel Graduated Licencing System for Motorcyclists
RAA Member Panel Graduated Licencing System for Motorcyclists Motorcycle crashes have been trending up over recent years. The Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure (DPTI) released a series
More informationUsing Telematics Data Effectively The Nature Of Commercial Fleets. Roosevelt C. Mosley, FCAS, MAAA, CSPA Chris Carver Yiem Sunbhanich
Using Telematics Data Effectively The Nature Of Commercial Fleets Roosevelt C. Mosley, FCAS, MAAA, CSPA Chris Carver Yiem Sunbhanich November 27, 2017 About the Presenters Roosevelt Mosley, FCAS, MAAA,
More information2010 Motorcycle Risk Study Update
2010 Motorcycle Risk Study Update Introduction This report provides an update to the Motorcycle Risk Study from AI.16 of the 2005 Rate Application. The original study was in response to Public Utilities
More informationWho has trouble reporting prior day events?
Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2017 Who has trouble reporting prior day events? Tim Triplett 1, Rob Santos 2, Brian Tefft 3 Survey Practice 10.29115/SP-2017-0003 Jan 01, 2017 Tags: missing data, recall data, measurement
More informationAn Alternate Efficiency Determination Method (AEDM) Can Be An Essential Part of Energy Legislation
An Alternate Efficiency Determination Method (AEDM) Can Be An Essential Part of Energy Legislation "Motor Summit 2016, Zurich Switzerland Bill Finley, Siemens Industry National Electrical Manufacturers
More informationIPB-IB ELECTRIC ACTUATORS FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL INDUSTRIAL STEAM BOILERS. BECK VIDEO Scan w/ Smartphone 1
IPB-IB R ELECTRIC ACTUATORS FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL INDUSTRIAL STEAM BOILERS BECK VIDEO Scan w/ Smartphone 1 Increasing Business Pressures Necessitate Boiler Control Improvements Today s industrial
More informationA REPORT ON THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS of the Highlands Ability Battery CD
A REPORT ON THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS of the Highlands Ability Battery CD Prepared by F. Jay Breyer Jonathan Katz Michael Duran November 21, 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 1 Data Determination
More informationELECTRICITY GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION. Electricity Generation & Distribution Q2,
Contact Statistician: Otsile Chelenyane Industry Statistics Unit Email: ochelenyane@statsbots.org.bw Tel: (+267) 367 1300; Ext. 333 ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION Stats Brief, Quarter 2, 2018
More informationFleetDASH. Fleet Sustainability Dashboard - FleetDASH. Mark Singer National Renewable Energy Laboratory August 17, 2017
Fleet Sustainability Dashboard - FleetDASH FleetDASH Mark Singer National Renewable Energy Laboratory August 17, 2017 Tampa Convention Center Tampa, Florida Agenda FleetDASH Overview Why FleetDASH? FleetDASH
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and. the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and Activitydevelop the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore Circuits with Friends What is a circuit, and what
More information4th Quarter Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations
4th Quarter 2016 Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations Steven Root Digitally signed by Steven Root DN: cn=steven Root, o=weatherbank, Inc., ou,
More informationBUILDING A ROBUST INDUSTRY INDEX BASED ON LONGITUDINAL DATA
CASE STUDY BUILDING A ROBUST INDUSTRY INDEX BASED ON LONGITUDINAL DATA Hanover built a first of its kind index to diagnose the health, trends, and hidden opportunities for the fastgrowing auto care industry.
More information2015 AER Survey of Albertans and Stakeholders. Executive Summary
2015 AER Survey of Albertans and Stakeholders Executive Summary 2015 AER Survey of Albertans: Executive Summary July 2015 Published by Alberta Energy Regulator Suite 1000, 250 5 Street SW Calgary, Alberta
More informationElectricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT)
Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) ERCOT vs PJM Generation make up i This graphic compares the generation make up in PJM and ERCOT. Not only are market rules different, footprint but the
More informationObjectives. Materials TI-73 CBL 2
. Objectives To understand the relationship between dry cell size and voltage Activity 4 Materials TI-73 Unit-to-unit cable Voltage from Dry Cells CBL 2 Voltage sensor New AAA, AA, C, and D dry cells Battery
More informationInterim Evaluation Report - Year 3
Performance Analysis Services Graduated Licensing Program Interim Evaluation Report - Year 3 Prepared by: Sandi Wiggins Performance Analysis Services Table of Contents Section 1. Executive Summary... 11
More informationDaimlerChrysler Alternative Particulate Measurement page 1/8
DaimlerChrysler Alternative Particulate Measurement page 1/8 Investigation of Alternative Methods to Determine Particulate Mass Emissions Dr. Oliver Mörsch Petra Sorsche DaimlerChrysler AG Background and
More information1 st Quarter Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations. Prepared for:
1 st Quarter 2018 Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations Prepared for: Prepared by: Mr. Bryce C. Bird Director Division of Air Quality 195 North
More informationAugust ATR Monthly Report
August ATR Monthly Report Minnesota Department of Transportation Office of Transportation Data and Analysis August 2011 Introduction The purpose of this report is to examine monthly traffic trends on
More informationDeveloping PMs for Hydraulic System
Developing PMs for Hydraulic System Focus on failure prevention rather than troubleshooting. Here are some best practices you can use to upgrade your preventive maintenance procedures for hydraulic systems.
More informationAlcohol & Substance Abuse Information. Please complete the following six pages. Sign all forms where highlighted in yellow
11060 County Road 3 (Box 164) South Mountain, Ontario K0E 1W0 1-800-387-0504 www.jedexpress.com Alcohol & Substance Abuse Information Please complete the following six pages. Sign all forms where highlighted
More informationIMAGE PROCESSING ANALYSIS OF MOTORCYCLE ORIENTED MIXED TRAFFIC FLOW IN VIETNAM
IMAGE PROCESSING ANALYSIS OF MOTORCYCLE ORIENTED MIXED TRAFFIC FLOW IN VIETNAM Nobuyuki MATSUHASHI Graduate Student Dept. of Info. Engineering and Logistics Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
More information2010 Gas Turbine Industrial Fellowship Report
2010 Gas Turbine Industrial Fellowship Report Thermo-acoustic Network Software Validation Solar Turbines Incorporated South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies Clemson University Prepared By: John Pagliaro
More informationSTATISTICS BOTSWANA ELECTRICITY GENERATION & DISTRIBUTION 2016/2 STATS BRIEF, FIRST QUARTER Copyrights Statistics Botswana 2016
2016/2 ELECTRICITY GENERATION & DISTRIBUTION STATS BRIEF, FIRST QUARTER 2016 Copyrights Statistics Botswana 2016 Statistics Botswana. Private Bag 0024 Botswana Tel: (267) 367 1300. Fax: (267) 395 2201.
More informationA Grinding Solution. By John Donkers
A Grinding Solution A customer had a problem using their existing gears in a new application. Ontario Drive & Gear provided the solution. Here s how they did it. By John Donkers A company approached Ontario
More informationAnnex to the accreditation certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025: and council directives 90/385/EWG 2 and 93/42/EWG 3
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the accreditation certificate D-PL-13422-01-02 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 1 and council directives 90/385/EWG 2 and 93/42/EWG 3 Period of validity:
More informationTÜV RHEINLAND ENERGIE UND UMWELT GMBH. Report on the assessment of the antibacterial properties of AE DeCont rings with AGXX coating
TÜV RHEINLAND ENERGIE UND UMWELT GMBH Report on the assessment of the antibacterial properties of AE DeCont rings with AGXX coating TÜV report no.: 931/21229709/100 Cologne, 1 October 2015 AE DeCont rings
More informationChanges to Chapter , Florida Administrative Code Underground Storage Tank Systems (USTs) Effective 1/11/2017
Changes to Chapter 62-761, Florida Administrative Code Underground Storage Tank Systems (USTs) Effective 1/11/2017 Rule Organization The rule sections are reorganized a bit with separate sections now for:
More informationResponse to Surabaya incident
Response to Surabaya incident 13 th April 2010 Flight CX 780 from Surabaya to Hong Kong with 320 crew and pax Experienced engine thrust control problems in flight Made a high speed landing in HKG, but
More informationFluid analysis to protect your equipment
Fluid analysis to protect your equipment Optimize the life of your equipment! The basic KOWA sample identifies abnormal wear and contaminants Oil life can vary by operating conditions Environment Idle
More informationMEETING GOVERNMENT MANDATES TO REDUCE FLEET SIZE
H O W W I R E L E S S F L E E T M A N A G E M E N T C A N H E L P E X C E E D F L E E T O P T I M I Z AT I O N G O A L S Table of Contents 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 Overview Using Wireless Fleet Management to
More informationREDUCING THE OCCURRENCES AND IMPACT OF FREIGHT TRAIN DERAILMENTS
REDUCING THE OCCURRENCES AND IMPACT OF FREIGHT TRAIN DERAILMENTS D-Rail Final Workshop 12 th November - Stockholm Monitoring and supervision concepts and techniques for derailments investigation Antonella
More informationAccreditation. Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH hereby confirms that the testing laboratory
Entrusted pursuant to 8 (1) of the German Accreditation Body Act (AkkStelleG) in conjunction with 1 (1) of the Regulation on the Entrustment of the Accreditation Body (AkkStelleGBV) Accreditation Deutsche
More informationPEAK DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND A DYNAMIC SOLUTION TO MANAGING PEAK DEMAND CHARGES
PEAK DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND A DYNAMIC SOLUTION TO MANAGING PEAK DEMAND CHARGES What are peak demand (capacity) charges? Every month your business is charged a fee called a capacity charge or
More informationA dream? Dr. Jürgen Bredenbeck Tire Technology Expo, February 2012 Cologne
Rolling resistance measurement on the road: A dream? Dr. Jürgen Bredenbeck Tire Technology Expo, 14.-16. February 2012 Cologne Content Motivation Introduction of the used Measurement Equipment Introduction
More information1st Quarter Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations
1st Quarter 2014 Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations Steven A. Root Digitally signed by Steven A. Root DN: cn=steven A. Root, o=weatherbank,
More informationResponse to Grid Variability, or Flexible Operations for NPPs
Response to Grid Variability, or Flexible Operations for NPPs Sherry Bernhoft EPRI Senior Program Manager WNA Workshop on Technical and Regulatory Issues Chicago, IL June 2016 The Power Grid is Changing!
More informationMIT ICAT M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n
M I T I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t e r f o r A i r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Standard Flow Abstractions as Mechanisms for Reducing ATC Complexity Jonathan Histon May 11, 2004 Introduction Research
More informationDOUBLE STAGE PRE-FILTER DIESEL WATER SEPARATOR
Blucher Engineering Proceedings Setembro de 2015, Número 1, Volume 2 DOUBLE STAGE PRE-FILTER DIESEL WATER SEPARATOR Fernando Jun Yoshino, Fábio Moreira, Felipe Ferrari and Tadeu Geraldo Domingues MAHLE
More informationEffectiveness of ECP Brakes in Reducing the Risks Associated with HHFT Trains
Effectiveness of ECP Brakes in Reducing the Risks Associated with HHFT Trains Presented To The National Academy of Sciences Review Committee October 14, 2016 Slide 1 1 Agenda Background leading to HM-251
More information3 rd Quarter Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations. Prepared for:
3 rd Quarter 2018 Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations Prepared for: Prepared by: Mr. Bryce C. Bird Director Division of Air Quality 195 North
More informationAging of the light vehicle fleet May 2011
Aging of the light vehicle fleet May 211 1 The Scope At an average age of 12.7 years in 21, New Zealand has one of the oldest light vehicle fleets in the developed world. This report looks at some of the
More informationCoordinating Process Improvement in Multiple Geographically Dispersed Development Organizations Using CMMI. Aldo Dagnino and Andrew Cordes
Coordinating Process Improvement in Multiple Geographically Dispersed Development Organizations Using CMMI Aldo Dagnino and Andrew Cordes ABB Inc. US Corporate Research Center Raleigh, NC ABB Group - 1
More informationElectricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT)
Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) ERCOT vs PJM Generation make up i This graphic compares the generation make up in PJM and ERCOT. Not only are market rules different, footprint but generation
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025: and the Directive 93/42/EEC 2 and 90/385/EEC 3
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-13412-01-02 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 1 and the Directive 93/42/EEC 2 and 90/385/EEC 3 Indefinite since: 10.12.2018
More informationAlliant Energy Solar Demonstration Project October 4, 2017
Alliant Energy Solar Demonstration Project October 4, 2017 Background: The Madison Solar project is a 291 kw installation Completed and put in-service February 26, 2016 1,300 modules 10 different modules
More informationTest-Retest Analyses of ACT Engage Assessments for Grades 6 9, Grades 10 12, and College
ACT Research & Policy ACT Stats Test-Retest Analyses of ACT Engage Assessments for Grades 6 9, Grades 10 12, and College Jeff Allen, PhD; Alex Casillas, PhD; and Jason Way, PhD 2016 Jeff Allen is a statistician
More informationEffect of Compressor Inlet Temperature on Cycle Performance for a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
The 6th International Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 27-29, 2018, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Effect of Compressor Inlet Temperature on Cycle Performance for a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
More information2018 AER Social Research Report
2018 AER Social Research Report Executive Summary June 2018 2018 AER Social Research Report Executive Summary June 2018 Published by Alberta Energy Regulator Suite 1000, 250 5 Street SW Calgary, Alberta
More informationSUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE PAVEMENT PROJECTS 2015 TxAPA Annual Meeting September 23, 2015 Austin District Mike Arellano, P.E. Date
SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE PAVEMENT PROJECTS 2015 TxAPA Annual Meeting September 23, 2015 Austin District Mike Arellano, P.E. Date AUSTIN DISTRICT SAFETY PERFORMANCE OF HIGH- FRICTION MIXTURES Mike Arellano,
More informationDeloitte Utility Electric Vehicle Survey
Deloitte Utility Electric Vehicle Survey The Deloitte Utility EV Survey was conducted in 2017 and was previewed in Deloitte s report, Powering the future of mobility: How the electric power sector can
More informationPower Perfector. Testing for Energy Savings. Undertaken by the Environmental Technology Centre. University of Nottingham.
Undertaken by the Environmental Technology Centre University of Nottingham Data supplied by Woodmead Energy Services On behalf of Bardo Electrical Ltd & Legend Power (UK) Plc 1 CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.
More informationA Recommended Approach to Pipe Stress Analysis to Avoid Compressor Piping Integrity Risk
A Recommended Approach to Pipe Stress Analysis to Avoid Compressor Piping Integrity Risk by: Kelly Eberle, P.Eng. Beta Machinery Analysis Calgary, AB Canada keberle@betamachinery.com keywords: reciprocating
More informationFirst Do No Harm: Why Seatbelts are a Patient Care Issue. Noah Smith, NHTSA Office of EMS
First Do No Harm: Why Seatbelts are a Patient Care Issue Noah Smith, NHTSA Office of EMS Hi, I m Noah Standard Bureaucratic Disclaimer To the extent that I mention specific brands or products in this presentation,
More informationMeasurement methods for skid resistance of road surfaces
Measurement methods for skid resistance of road surfaces Presented by Martin Greene (TRL) and Veronique Cerezo (IFSTTAR) 11 October 2016 Background and requirements for Common Scale 1 Background Measurement
More information4th Quarter Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations
4th Quarter 2013 Summary of Meteorological and Ambient Air Quality Data Kennecott Utah Copper Monitoring Stations Steven A. Root Digitally signed by Steven A. Root DN: cn=steven A. Root, o=weatherbank,
More informationStatistics and Quantitative Analysis U4320. Segment 8 Prof. Sharyn O Halloran
Statistics and Quantitative Analysis U4320 Segment 8 Prof. Sharyn O Halloran I. Introduction A. Overview 1. Ways to describe, summarize and display data. 2.Summary statements: Mean Standard deviation Variance
More informationFuture Funding The sustainability of current transport revenue tools model and report November 2014
Future Funding The sustainability of current transport revenue tools model and report November 214 Ensuring our transport system helps New Zealand thrive Future Funding: The sustainability of current transport
More informationTraffic Data Services: reporting and data analytics using cellular data
Make traffic and population movement analysis smart, fast, pervasive and cost-effective. Data sheet Traffic Data Services: reporting and data analytics using cellular data Accurate data collection and
More informationTransient Thermal Analysis of Screw Compressors, Part III: Transient Thermal Analysis of a Screw Compressor to Determine Rotor-to-Rotor Clearances
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 26 Transient Thermal Analysis of Screw Compressors, Part III: Transient Thermal Analysis
More informationLower Carbon Intensity Solution. How Biodiesel Has Become the Answer to Emission-cutting Initiatives
Lower Carbon Intensity Solution How Biodiesel Has Become the Answer to Emission-cutting Initiatives LCFS LOW-CARBON FUEL STANDARD The Low Carbon Fuel Standard is undeniably altering the transportation
More informationREPORT ON THE PRICING POLICY FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL 2nd QUARTER 2017 BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND The pricing policy for gasoline and diesel established by Petrobras has as one of its principles to never charge prices lower than international parity. The purpose of this Report is to analyze
More informationPreventive Maintenance. Machine Tool Service Inc.
Preventive Maintenance Machine Tool Service Inc. What is Preventive Maintenance? A schedule of planned maintenance actions aimed at preventing unscheduled equipment down time. It is traditionally based
More informationTRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY 10
TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY 10 Description In Transportation Technology 10, students will gain knowledge of safety, use of tools, and the repair and maintenance of small gas engines. Other elements of the
More informationEvaluating The Relevancy Of Current Crash Test Guidelines For Roadside Safety Barriers On High Speed Roads
Evaluating The Relevancy Of Current Crash Test Guidelines For Roadside Safety Barriers On High Speed Roads Connie Xavier Dominique Lord Chiara Dobrovolny Roger Bligh TRB 1 st International Roadside Safety
More informationEMPACK MECHELEN, 11 OCTOBER 2017, STAF SEURINCK, ABB BENELUX Upcoming digital solutions and services.
EMPACK MECHELEN, 11 OCTOBER 2017, STAF SEURINCK, ABB BENELUX Upcoming digital solutions and services. ABB: the pioneering technology leader What (Offering) Pioneering technology Products 58% Systems 24%
More informationDocket No. ER June 2018 Informational Report Energy Imbalance Market Transition Period Report Idaho Power Company
California Independent System Operator Corporation August 21, 2018 The Honorable Kimberly D. Bose Secretary Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 888 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20426 Re: California
More informationMicrobiological contamination of jet fuel
Microbiological contamination of jet fuel Examples and tips for an effective presentation What s the problem? 2 Fuel provides a rich carbon source for microbial growth Microbes may degrade fuel (in storage)
More informationImplementation and Evaluation of Lane Departure Warning and Assistance Systems
Implementation and Evaluation of Lane Departure Warning and Assistance Systems Emma Johansson*, Erik Karlsson*, Christian Larsson* and Lars Eriksson** * (prev. Volvo Technology) Gothenburg, Sweden **VTI,
More informationThe Benchmark for Fuel Cleanliness
In association with The Benchmark for Fuel Cleanliness The quality of Bio diesel deteriorates very quickly during storage unless special measures are taken to remove water content and prevent the build
More informationQuarterly Content Guide Driver Education/Traffic Safety Classroom (Course # )
Adopted Instructional : Quarterly Content Guide Driver Education/Traffic Safety Classroom (Course #1900300) Pearson Drive Right (11 th Edition) Quarter 1 43 Days Quarter 2 47 Days Quarter 3 47 Days Quarter
More informationInvestigation of Relationship between Fuel Economy and Owner Satisfaction
Investigation of Relationship between Fuel Economy and Owner Satisfaction June 2016 Malcolm Hazel, Consultant Michael S. Saccucci, Keith Newsom-Stewart, Martin Romm, Consumer Reports Introduction This
More informationAnalyzing Feature Interactions in Automobiles. John Thomas, Ph.D. Seth Placke
Analyzing Feature Interactions in Automobiles John Thomas, Ph.D. Seth Placke 3.25.14 Outline Project Introduction & Background STPA Case Study New Strategy for Analyzing Interactions Contributions Project
More informationProcess Control of the Rheology of Self-Compacting Concrete Based on Cusum Control Charts
Process Control of the Rheology of Self-Compacting Concrete Based on Cusum Control Charts Prozesssteuerung der Rheologie von selbstverdichtenden Betonen anhand von Kusum-Kontrollkarten Wolfram Schmidt
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION ENTERPRISE AND INDUSTRY DIRECTORATE-GENERAL
EUROPEAN COMMISSION ENTERPRISE AND INDUSTRY DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Consumer Goods and EU Satellite navigation programmes Automotive industry Brussels, 08 April 2010 ENTR.F1/KS D(2010) European feed back to
More informationRoad Safety in the Developing World
Road Safety in the Developing World Challenges and Responses NETWORK OF EMPLOYERS FOR TRAFFIC SAFETY Dedicated to road safety everywhere in the world Member UN Road Safety Collaboration Decade of Action
More informationSafety and Preventitive Cautions for Teenage Drivers
Safety and Preventitive Cautions for Teenage Drivers 1. Review the basic safety rules of driving 2. Learn and comprehend the safety issues involved in driving 3. Understand what factors affect safe driving
More informationFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Article No. 7761 Available on www.roymorgan.com Roy Morgan Unemployment Profile Monday, 8 October 2018 Unemployment down to 9.4% in September off two-year high Australian employment has grown solidly over
More informationAppendix B CTA Transit Data Supporting Documentation
RED ED-PURPLE BYPASS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND SECTION 4(F) EVALUATION Appendix B CTA Transit Data Supporting Documentation 4( Memorandum Date: May 14, 2015 Subject: Chicago Transit Authority
More information