2. Engine Ignition Types. Worksheet: Engine Classification
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1 2. Engine Ignition Types Worksheet: Engine Classification
2 There are types of ignition, based on how the fuel is ignited. Spark ignition the fuel mixture is ignited with an electrical spark. (spark plug) Commonly use gasoline. Compression The fuel mixture is ignited by compressing the fuel mixture under pressure and heat Commonly use diesel fuel 2
3 3. Engine Stroke Types
4 A stroke is one complete travel of the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center or vice versa. Two (2) Stroke Utilizes two strokes to complete the intake, compression, power (ignition) and exhaust cycle Four (4) Stroke Utilizes four strokes to complete the intake, compression, power (ignition) and exhaust cycle 4
5 4. Engine Cylinder Design
6 Vertical pistons travel up and down vertically. Horizontal - pistons travel back and forth in the horizontal plane Slant pistons are oriented at an angle to the vertical V pistons are divided into two banks at an angle to the vertical forming a v-shape Inline pistons are all oriented in the same direction 6
7 the cylinders are arranged inline in a single bank that move vertically. 7
8 also known as horizontally opposed or a boxer the cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engine: 8
9 the cylinders are arranged inline and specifically designed such that the cylinders are inclined at a 30- degree angle from vertical. 9
10 V - the cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one another: 10
11 the cylinders are arranged in a line in a single bank. Can be arranged vertically or slanted. 11
12 5. Shaft Orientation
13 Vertical The shaft extends from the bottom of the engine. common applications of a vertical engine include: walk-behind rotary lawnmowers yard tractors 13
14 Horizontal The shaft extends from one side of the engine and rotates parallel to the ground. common applications of a vertical engine include: Generators snow throwers water pumps pressure washers. 14
15 6. Cooling Systems
16 Air Cooled Air is circulated around the cylinder block and cylinder head to maintain the desired temperature Liquid Cooled Liquid is circulated through cavities in the cylinder block and cylinder head to maintain the desired temperature Heat is also removed through the exhaust system and radiant heat from the engine components. 16
17 17
18 Most small, single-cylinder engines are cooled by a stream of air developed by fan blades on the flywheel. The air stream is deflected around the cylinder and cylinder head by a metal or plastic cover called a shroud. Additional engine heat is dissipated through cooling fins around the cylinder. 18
19 The cooling system on liquid-cooled cars circulates a fluid through pipes and passageways in the engine. As this liquid passes through the hot engine it absorbs heat, cooling the engine. After the fluid leaves the engine, it passes through a heat exchanger, or radiator, which transfers the heat from the fluid to the air blowing through the exchanger. 19
20 20
21 21
22 Extra Engine Classifications
23 Engine displacement Is the volume of space that the piston moves through as it moves from TDC to BDC.
24 Displacement is measured in cubic inches, cubic centimeters or liters. Displacement = (3.14)(d 2 )(s)(n) 4 d = the diameter of the piston. s = the length of the stroke. n = the number of cylinders/pistons. What is the displacement of a chainsaw engine with a cylinder diameter of 5cm and a stroke length of 2.54cm?
25 When the piston is at BDC, the cylinder volume is at its largest. When the piston is at TDC, the cylinder volume is at its smallest. Compression Ratio Is the ratio of the largest cylinder volume to the smallest cylinder volume.
26 Example: If the cylinder volume measures 6 cu. in. when the piston is at BDC, and 1 cu. in. when at TDC, the compression ratio of the engine is 6 to 1 (6:1).
27 Small engines can operate on Gasoline Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-gas) Natural Gas Diesel Fuel
28 Gasoline is the most popular of all small engine fuels. Provides more horsepower Readily Available Easily transported
29 LP-Gas may be propane, butane or a mixture of both. Burns cleanly. Emits fewer harmful fumes. Requires a different fuel system. Often used in warehouses (Fork lifts, generators, compressors).
30 Is primarily Methane Burns cleanly Causes a horsepower loss of around 20% when compared with gasoline. Requires a different fuel system.
31 Diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder where it is ignited by the heat of compression. Diesel engines are much stronger than small gasoline engines. Small Diesel engines are not as popular as gasoline engines.
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