Elements of a Hydrogen Infrastructure

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1 Shanghai Industrial Fair + Hydrogen and Fuel cells Nov 3-8, 2004, Shanghai, China Elements of a Hydrogen Infrastructure Jaco Reijerkerk BEng (Hons) MSc Hydrogen Solutions

2 Introduction of hydrogen - by replacement of conventional fuel systems - H 2 carrier reformer cleaner H 2 FC M fuel cell CGH 2 LH 2 common infra structure modified combustion engine conventional fuel H Linde Gas page 2

3 hydrogen - the energy carrier - Hydrogen is more than a fuel Linde Gas page 3

4 hydrogen - the energy carrier - Hydrogen is storable electricity Linde Gas page 4

5 fuel stations - the new fuel offers new opportunities - Instead of deserts green areas Linde Gas page 5

6 fuel stations - the new fuel offers new solutions - For adaptation to future platform concepts suitable refuelling solutions are required. GM Autonomy 2004 Linde Gas page 6

7 infrastructure & fuel stations - requirements - 24 hours available multiple customers simultaneously adaptable to current gas stations less than 3 minutes refuelling time dual configuration (liquid / gaseous) high purity Fuel Cell grade competitive costs 2004 Linde Gas page 7

8 fuel stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, principal scheme - vent flue LH 2 - dispenser CGH 2 - dispenser CGH 2 - high pressure storage CGH 2 high pressu evaporato valve & remote box boil off gas heater supply connection LH 2 fuel station LH 2 dispenser standard filling up to l/h CGH 2 dispenser standard filling up to 350 bar boil off gas compressor ventgas; LH 2 - filling LH 2 storage tank LH 2 transfer pump cryogenic capacity: l/h piston pump 2004 Linde Gas page 8

9 hydrogen? industrial infrastructure production distribution automotive infrastructure actual existing elements future elements outlook 2004 Linde Gas page 9

10 the actual industrial infrastructure 2004 Linde Gas page 10

11 Use of Hydrogen Target: Automobile Application New Fields for Hydrogen yesterday today tomorrow Ehemals treibende Kraft Stagnierender Markt Benzin, Fette, Dünger etc. Ca. 7-10% Wachstum pro Jahr Zentrale Technik Brennstoffzelle Großes Potenzial 2004 Linde Gas page 11

12 Linde Group - hydrogen activities - Hydrogen Storage Hydrogen Logistics Hydrogen Dispenser Hydrogen Market Hydrogen Generator ultimate goal for a sustainable Hydrogen Society Renewable Fossil Primary Energy Source 2004 Linde Gas page 12

13 Linde Group - hydrogen activities - Hydrogen Storage Hydrogen Logistics Hydrogen Dispenser Combustion Engines Fuel Cells Hydrogen Generator ultimate goal for a sustainable Hydrogen Society Renewable Fossil Primary Energy Source 2004 Linde Gas page 13

14 production & distribution - from the source to the customer - Gas production center Pipeline On-site supply Pipeline Transport of liquefied gas Filling station Retailer Cylinder transport 2004 Linde Gas page 14

15 production & distribution - Linde steam reformer, Milazzo, Italy Linde Gas page 15

16 hydrogen pipelines in Europe - examples - Dessau H 2 N 2 Halle H 2 N 2 Bitterfeld Buna O 2 N 2 Leipzig N 2 N 2 Leuna 2004 Linde Gas page 16

weight: Hydrogen load: 40 t 530 kg Trailer for Liquid Hydrogen with a

17 transport equipment - comparison for LH2 and CGH2 - Trailer for Compressed Gaseous Hydrogen with lightweight compound bottles total weight: Hydrogen load: 40 t 530 kg Trailer for Liquid Hydrogen with a super insulated cryostat total weight: Hydrogen load: < 40t kg 2004 Linde Gas page 17

18 the actual automotive infrastructure 2004 Linde Gas page 18

19 hydrogen projects - EXPO 2000, Berlin, BMW Linde Gas page 19

20 hydrogen projects - NECAR 4 (FC) with LH2 supply, DaimlerChrysler Linde Gas page 20

21 hydrogen projects - ZAFIRA (FC) with LH2 supply, General Motors Linde Gas wolf whec 2004 page 21

European Hydrogen Initiatives - CUTE Clean Urban Transport Europe, 2002 - FC-CITARO bus,

22 European Hydrogen Initiatives - CUTE Clean Urban Transport Europe, FC-CITARO bus, DaimlerChrysler FC-city-busses running for 2 years in 9 European cities Linde Gas page 22

23 hydrogen projects - hydrogen powered FC-forklift, Linde Fuel Cell STILL member of the Linde Group Battery 2004 Linde Gas page 23

24 fuel stations - provisional LH2 filling equipment, California, Linde Gas page 24

25 fuel stations - manual operated LH2 fuel station, Hanover The manual fuel station and the filling process Linde Gas page 25

26 fuel stations -CGH2 fuel station, 700 bar technology, GM Linde Gas page 26

27 fuel stations - Hydrogen Fuel Station, Tokyo Linde Gas page 27

28 fuel stations - the ROBOT application on Airport Munich, Linde Gas page 28

29 the future automotive infrastructure 2004 Linde Gas page 29

30 infrastructure & fuel stations - requirements - 24 hours available multiple customers simultaneously adaptable to current gas stations less than 3 minutes refuelling time dual configuration (liquid / gaseous) high purity Fuel Cell grade competitive costs 2004 Linde Gas page 30

fuel stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, principal scheme - vent flue LH 2 - dispenser CGH 2 - dispenser CGH 2 - high pressure storage CGH

compressor valve & remote box ventgas; LH 2 - filling boil off gas heater supply connection LH 2 fuel station LH 2 dispenser 000 l/h CGH 2 dispenser

31 fuel stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, principal scheme - vent flue LH 2 - dispenser CGH 2 - dispenser CGH 2 - high pressure storage CGH 2 high pressu evaporato valve & remote box boil off gas heater supply connection vent flue LH 2 fuel station LH 2 - dispenser LH 2 dispenser standard filling up to l/h CGH 2 - dispenser CGH 2 - high pressure storage CGH 2 dispenser standard filling up to 350 bar CGH 2 high pressure evaporator boil off gas compressor valve & remote box ventgas; LH 2 - filling boil off gas heater supply connection LH 2 fuel station LH 2 dispenser standard filling up to l/h CGH 2 dispenser standard filling up to 350 bar boil off gas compressor ventgas; LH 2 - filling LH 2 storage tank LH 2 storage tank LH 2 transfer pump capacity: l/h cryogenic piston pump LH 2 transfer pump cryogenic 2004 Linde Gas capacity: l/h piston pump page 31

32 fuel stations - universal cryogenic fuel station, after completion Linde Gas page 32

Footprint of a conventional Fuelling Station 10% H2 capacity: Test Operation with LH2 Supply (underground) (above 10% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefaction 10% H2 capacity: on-site

33 Footprint of a conventional Fuelling Station 10% H2 capacity: Test Operation with LH2 Supply (underground) (above 10% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefaction 10% H2 capacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefaction 50% H2 capacity: on-site Steam Reforming with Liquefaction 50% H2 capacity: on-site Electrolysis with Liquefaction 100% H2 capacity: LH2 Supply (underground) Nm 3 /d Nm 3 /d conventi 10% 50% 100% 10% 50% SM HY EL H Nm 3 /d LH2 Tanks (unterirdisch) 2004 Linde Gas page 33

34 fuel stations - development & integration of an automotive LH2 coupling - Integration 2004 Linde Gas page 34

35 Thank you.

Preparing for Large-Scale Deployments: Zero Emission Buses by Scaling Up Hydrogen Infrastructure.

Preparing for Large-Scale Deployments: Zero Emission Buses by 2030. Scaling Up Hydrogen Infrastructure. Markus Bachmeier London City Hall, Nov. 30, 2016 In the Linde Group, there is more than Linde. 4