Growers perspective: importance of insect control for oilseed rape production
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1 Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen e. V. Growers perspective: importance of insect control for oilseed rape production Dr. Manuela Specht, UFOP e.v.
2 Content Oilseed rape and turnip rape seed production in EU-28 Insect pests and resistance situation Ban of neonicotinoid seed treatment New options? Summary and conclusion 2 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
3 Oilseed rape and turnip rape seed production in EU-28 3 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
4 Oilseed rape and turnip rape seeds in EU-28 (1,000 ha) and part of arable land (%) EU % 2013 % 2014 % 2015 % 2016 % BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE GR ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT EO SI SK FI SE GB EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin Only 6 (7) countries without significant production Countries with area about 10 % of arable land (Slovakia, Lithuania, France, Poland) Countries with area more than 10 % of arable land (Germany, Great Britain, Estonia, Czechia) Oilseed rape and turnip rape seed produktion important part of plant production! Source: EUROSAT 2017
5 Insect pests and resistance situation 5 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
6 Insect pests of winter oilseed rape and resistance situation in Germany Autumn Spring time Bildquelle: Lancashire et al. (1991) Myzus persicae* Psylliodes c.* Delia radicum Ceutorhynchus picitarsis* Ceutorhynchus napi Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Brassicogethes aeneus* Ceutorhynchus assimilis* Dasineura brassicae Development buds Flowering *Insect pests with resistance against pyrethroids
7 Ban of neonicotinoid seed treatment 7 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
8 Timetable In January 2013 the European Commission proposed to restrict the use of three seed treatment neonicotinoids. Since 1st December 2013 farmers have been unable to buy or sow seeds that are treated with Clothianidin, Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam on crops that are known to be attractive to bees. When implementing the restrictions, the European Commission confirmed that within two years after imposing the ban it would initiate a review of new scientific and other relevant information on the risks posed to bees. and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is reviewing and reviewing 8 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
9 Derogation Art. 53 for oilseed rape cultivation Several member states allowed the use of neonicotinoid seed treatment for winter and spring oilseed rape cultivation, e.g. Finland, Romania, Latvia, Denmark, Estonia and Bulgaria. Situation in Germany: 2014: Several petitions to use clothianidin for seed treatment in winter oilseed rape: rejection by German authorities in every case 2015: Two petitions to use neocicotinoids (1 x clothianidin und 1 x thiamethoxam) for seed treatment in winter oilseed rape: rejection by German authorities 2016: Another year with petitions, but rejection by German authorities Farmers will continue reducing oilseed rape cropping area in medium-term if no seed treatment is available! 9 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
10 Monitoring Delia radicum autumn 2014 farmers feedback Source: One German oilseed rape breeding organisation started in 2014 monitoring of Delia radicum. Farmers feedback was very good. Lot of problems caused by Delia radicum in the main rape seed growing regions in the north and east of Germany. In Germany without seed treatment controlling of Delia radicum not possible! 10 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
11 Massive damage on rapeseed roots by larvae of Delia radicum in autumn 2014 in Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
12 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
13 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
14 Autumn 2014, Kahl 14 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
15 following situation 2014 no option of plant protection Weak rape seed formation as a result of loss of plants Mecklenburg-Vorpommern EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
16 Monitoring Psylliodes chrysocephala autumn 2014 farmers feedback One German oilseed rape breeding organisation started in 2014 monitoring of Psylliodes chrysocephala. Farmers feedback was also very good. Lot of problems caused by Psylliodes chrysocephala in the main rape seed growing regions in the north and east of Germany, but in the south too. In Germany controlling of Psylliodes chrysocephala possible! STILL Resistance is going on! 16 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
17 Damage by Psylliodes chrysocephala on leaves Mass occurrence 2014 in some regions (Kahl 2014) 17 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
18 damage by feeding of larvae in untreated plants (LALLF Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, PSD Schwerin, archive) (Kahl archive) 18 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
19 Several insecticide spraying since 2014 instead of seed treatment in Germany In average before the ban less then 0,5 times pyrethroid spraying, after neonicotinoid ban more than 1 pyrethroid applications per ha! Environmental advantage? 19 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
20 What happened to oilseed rape harvest in Germany 2015? Good luck winter season with heavy frost failed. Oilseed rape plants with Delia radicum damage were able to develop new roots during late autumn and winter time. Favourable weather conditions during winter 2014/2015 and spring time 2015 did prevent disastrous damage. And restrictions have made insect pest protection more time- and costintensive. But good luck is a very special guy and lottery is a very bad way for farmers to produce a good harvest (or not)!!! 20 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
21 Economic impact of the neonicotinoid ban 1 Financial year 2014 Source: HFFA Research Paper 1/ EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
22 Insecticide seed treatment is part of sustainability 1)Pest pressure of Myzus persicae, Psylliodes chrysocephala and Delia radicum is much stronger than expected and forgotten pests show up again (Athalia rosae). 2)Alternative spraying treatments are expensive, not effective against Delia radicum and Myzus persicae (resistance) and against Psylliodes chrysocephala decreasing (resistance). (-> negative side effects to predators) 3)New insecticide seed treatment products have not the same total effect level on all autumn pests compered to neonicotinoids. 4)Technical efforts for dust reduction in certificated seed treatment facilities go on successfully (process optimization, stickers ). Insecticide seed treatment absolutely needed for a sustainable winter oilseed rape production and not only in Germany 22 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
23 New options? 23 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
24 New substance Cyantraniliprole for seed treatment In April 2017 in Poland 10 year-authorization Treated rape seed is marketable in all EU member states, BUT Open Letter written by bee keeper and environmental organisations adressed to German Agricultural Minister protesting the use of Cyantraniliprole for oilseed rape seed treatment in Germany and demanding a ban. AND WHERE ARE THE NEW SUBSTANCES FOR SPRAYING? 24 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
25 Problems concerning insecticides Political restrictions Environment: growing importance of discussion on protection of non target insects (EFSA Bee Guidance) and birds Substitution of insecticides with other critical substances (resistance and use gaps are coming) Complete loss of substances in case of critical properties (e.g. toxicity, endocrine disruptors) Blowing up the importance of residues in foods, especially in bee products Misuse in agriculture / industry / trade, because of Return of investment is the most important criteria and more important than long-term use of substances (resistance) User comfort (insurance thinking instead of e.g. yellow water trap scouting) Lack of knowledge and decline of nonprofit advisoring services Voter majority without knowledge about benefits of plant protection! 25 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
26 Summary and conclusion 26 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
27 This can t be the future of rape seed growing in EU?!! Strong damage of Psylliodes chrysocephala in North Eastern Germany spring time 2007 as a result of lack of plant protection (LALLF Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, PSD Schwerin) 27 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
28 Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen e. V. Dr. Manuela Specht UFOP e.v. Claire-Waldoff-Straße Berlin Tel.: +49 (0) 30/ m.specht@ufop.de Web: 28 EPPO Workshop September 2017, Berlin
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