Comparison of Partial Discharges in SF 6 and Fluoronitrile/CO2 Gas Mixtures
|
|
- Branden Parker
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Comparison of Partial Discharges in SF 6 and Fluoronitrile/CO2 Gas Mixtures Boya ZHANG, Yang CAO University of Connecticut, USA Nenad UZELAC G&W Electric Company, USA 1
2 Agenda 1. Background 2. Fluoronitrile gas 3. Setup and test procedure 4. Results and analysis 5. Summary 2
3 1. Background SF6 has been used successfully for decades in the power industry. One big shortcoming has a high global warming potential (23,500) Included in Kyoto Protocol (1997) on the list to be limited. Global annual SF6 emissions from electrical equipment are reported by ECOFYS: 1,600 t to 2,800 t SF 6. That equals to 37,600 kt to 65,800 kt CO 2! 3
4 1. Background Since 1997, lots of effort to find alternative to SF6 Proved to be hard task due to unique SF6 properties 4 High dielectric strength (2 x air) Nontoxic, nonflammable, noncorrosive Excellent arc extinction Excellent thermal conductivity Chemically stable (good material compatibility) Failures in the switchgear due to long-term PDs.
5 2. Fluoronitriles One of the promising options is Novec TM 4710 fluid. 2x better dielectric than SF6 High boiling temp. (-4.7C) need to be diluted into buffer gas CO2 selected over N2 and air due to reported better arc quenching capability In this paper we ve compared the PD between SF6 and fluoronitrile/co2 5 mixture Molecular structure of the Novec TM 4710
6 2. Fluoronitriles Dielectric strength of the gas mixture/sf kPa (14.5 psi) 140kPa (20.3 psi) 180kPa (26.1 psi) 120kPa (17.4 psi) 160kPa (23.2 psi) 200kPa (29.0 psi) Novec TM 4710 mixing ratio (%) Dielectric strength for Novec TM 4710 fluid in mixture with CO 2 compared with SF 6. The E B of pure Novec is more than two times that of SF 6. E B of pure CO 2 is found only 32-37% of SF 6, while it is doubled by adding only 5% of Novec 4710 into CO 2. For 15% Novec 4710 /CO 2 mixture, the E B is equivalent to SF 6.
7 3. Setup & procedures First vacuumed for 30 min. Then filled with CO 2 to 150 kpa and vacuumed again. Repeated three. Novec and CO 2 were filled to the designed ratio according to their partial pressures. To determine the PDIV, the applied voltage was increased gradually from 0 until the detection of PD. 10 pc was chosen as threshold of PDIV. To obtain PRPD pattern, the PD signal was recorded for 120 s. 0mm To PC H.V. R 25mm δ=2mm r 20μm θ=30 Configuration of PD defect model 7 PD measuring system
8 4. Results & Analysis PDIV and breakdown voltage Voltage (kv) rms % Novec + 95% CO 2 10% Novec + 90% CO 2 15% Novec + 85% CO 2 20% Novec + 80% CO 2 SF 6 breakdown voltage (psi) 10 PD inception voltage δ=2mm d=10mm (kpa) Pressure 8 PDIV and breakdown voltage of the Novec TM 4710/CO 2 mixture and SF 6 at different pressures
9 4. Results & Analysis phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern P=100kPa (14.5 psi) 9 PRPD pattern of 20%Novec/80%CO2 mixture and SF6 under different voltages.
10 4. Results & Analysis P=100kPa (14.5 psi) 10 PRPD pattern of 20%Novec/80%CO2 mixture and SF6 under different voltages.
11 4. Results & Analysis phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern Counts per second SF6 20% Novec+20%CO2 SF6 20% Novec+20%CO Average charge magnitude (pc) Applied voltage (kv) Comparison of the PD number and PD magnitude for the Novec TM 4710/CO 2 mixture and SF 6 under different voltages. 5
12 4. Results & Analysis A better PD suppression with the increase of mixing ratio, especially in the positive half cycle. PRPD pattern of fluoronitrile/co 2 mixtures with different ratios. (V=22.5 kv) 12
13 4. Results & Analysis Comparison of PD levels through PRPD statistics the comparison of their PD amplitudes at different phases. Even 15% mixture has a lower PD level in the positive half cycle compared with SF 6. 13
14 4. Results & Analysis (a) Comparison of PD levels through PRPD statistic trigger level (b) % Novec + 95% CO 2 10% Novec + 90% CO 2 15% Novec + 85% CO 2 Cumulative Count % Novec + 95% CO 2 10% Novec + 90% CO 2 Count % Novec + 80% CO 2 SF PD charge (pc) 15% Novec + 85% CO 2 20% Novec + 80% CO 2 SF 6 0 trigger level PD charge (pc) PD number of SF6 is in between 15% mixture and 20% mixture. In SF 6, there are much more PDs with low magnitude compared with the 20% fluoronitrile/co 2 mixture. 14
15 5. SUMMARY 15% Fluoronitrile/CO 2 mixture shows equivalent dielectric strength compared with SF 6 under uniform field 15% Fluoronitrile/CO 2 mixture and SF 6 have almost the same PDIV under 11.6psi, 14.5 psi and 17.4psi. Both slightly lower than 20% mixture. PD counts in SF 6 are in-between 15% and 20% mixture. SF 6 has much more PDs with low magnitude and the 20% fluoronitrile/co 2 mixture has less PDs but with higher magnitude. 15
16 Thank you! Questions? 16
ABB Medium Voltage Days MEA 2016 Medium-voltage gas insulated switchgear Technologies for a smarter and greener network
ABB Medium Voltage Days MEA 2016 Medium-voltage gas insulated switchgear Technologies for a smarter and greener network Technical session Medium-voltage gas insulated switchgear Part 1 Speaker / title
More informationEnhanced Breakdown Voltage for All-SiC Modules
Enhanced Breakdown Voltage for All-SiC Modules HINATA, Yuichiro * TANIGUCHI, Katsumi * HORI, Motohito * A B S T R A C T In recent years, SiC devices have been widespread mainly in fields that require a
More informationAirPlus TM. An alternative to SF 6. as an insulation and switching medium in electrical switchgear
AirPlus TM An alternative to S 6 as an insulation and switching medium in electrical switchgear THOMAS DIGGELMANN, DENIS TEHLAR, JOELYN HANG, SEBASTIAN ZAHE or decades, the unique properties of sulfur
More informationFluid characteristics impact performance capabilities in transformer application
Fluid characteristics impact performance capabilities in transformer application Mineral Oil Natural Ester Synthetic Ester Silicone Oil Base Fluid Petroleum Oil Vegetable Oil Hydrocarbons Polydimethylsiloxanes
More informationGeometric vs. Capacitive Stress Control: choosing cable termination accessories to help reduce electrical stress.
Geometric vs. Capacitive Stress Control: choosing cable termination accessories to help reduce electrical stress. George Fofeldea Power Engineer, 3M Canada August 2018 Abstract 3M invented cold shrink
More informationNXPLUS C Single busbar. Maintenance-free for lifetime
NXPLUS C Single busbar Maintenance-free for lifetime Energy Distribution Welcome! Page 2 Content Overview Technical data Typicals Panel design Circuit-Breaker panel Busbar Operation Metering Low-voltage
More informationHD4. Gas insulated MV circuit-breakers kv A ka
HD4 Gas insulated MV circuit-breakers 12... 40.5 kv - 630... 3600 A - 16... 50 ka 1 DESCRIPTION Autopuffer breaking technique Electric arc extinction without chopped current No restriking after breaking
More informationTHP145 HYBRID GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR (HGIS) Energy, Fast! tgood.com
THP145 HYBRID GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR (HGIS) Energy, Fast! tgood.com TGOOD produces over 5000 switchgear units annually for projects around the globe SOLUTION OVERVIEW For use in affordable air insulated
More informationHIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
PAGE 1 OF 5 PREFERRED RELIABILITY PRACTICES Practice: Thoroughly test high voltage power supply packaging on flight configured engineering models, in a simulated space flight environment, to evaluate corona
More informationApplications. Distribution transformers up to 2000 kva High-voltage motors up to 3 MW Capacitors up to1200 kvar MV voltage transformers Cable feeders
Applications HV HRC (high-voltage high rupturing capacity) fuses are used for short circuit protection in high-voltage switchgear for the 50 to 60 Hz frequency range Distribution transformers up to 2000
More informationNoise and Vibration Comparison Steel Lining versus Rubber Lining. Charles Hillmann
Noise and Vibration Comparison Steel Lining versus Rubber Lining Charles Hillmann Course Agenda Study Generated By Elna Hoven Aim of the study: Study the effect of noise and vibration levels on Equipment
More information25kV 200A Loadbreak Bushing Insert and Elbow Design Test Report. Report Number:
25kV 200A Loadbreak Bushing Insert and Elbow Design Test Report Report Number: Date: RN-R7604 9/16/2013 Table of Contents I. OBJECTIVE... 2 II. SUMMARY... 2 III. CONCLUSION... 2 IV. CABLE DATA... 2 V.
More informationApplication of the. to NRMM. Alois Krasenbrink European Commission
Application of the PMP Protocol to NRMM Alois Krasenbrink European Commission Joint Research Centre PMP Background Health Concerns over Nano-Particles The Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme has forecast
More information15kV 200A Loadbreak Fuse Elbow Design Test Report. Report Number:
15kV 200A Loadbreak Fuse Elbow Design Test Report Report Number: Date: RN-R2601 9/3/2015 Table of Contents 1. Partial Discharge Test Fuse Elbow... 2 2. AC Withstand Voltage Test - Fuse Elbow... 3 3. DC
More informationZF SERIES HV GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR (GIS) tgood.com. Energy. Fast.
ZF SERIES HV GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR (GIS) tgood.com Energy. Fast. TGOOD produces over 5000 switchgear units annually for projects around the globe PRODUCT OVERVIEW High performance alternative to air
More informationengineered to order solutions
DM-Series engineered to order solutions for Transformer Bushing and Partial Discharge (PD) Monitoring Features & Benefits Bushing Monitoring Partial Discharge Monitoring Optional Thermal Modelling with
More information3 Cold Shrink Silicone Rubber Skirted Termination Kit QT-III 7672-S-8 Series
3 Cold Shrink Silicone Rubber Skirted Termination Kit QT-III 7672-S-8 Series Data Sheet 1. Product Description 3M Cold Shrink Termination Kit QT-III 7672-S-8 Series contains one silicone rubber termination
More informationENGINEERED TO ORDER SOLUTIONS
DM-Series ENGINEERED TO ORDER SOLUTIONS for Transformer Bushing, Winding Hot Spot and PD Monitoring Features & Benefits Advanced Analytics Flexible and Modular Hardware Platform Bushing Monitoring Optional
More informationM-RING 24. SF6 Insulated Ring Main Unit Metal-Enclosed (LSC2A)
M-RING 24 SF6 Insulated Ring Main Unit Metal-Enclosed (LSC2A) Contents General Description Advanced facilities and process Advanced design philosophy Definition of M-RING 24 Standards Service conditions
More informationSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering. ELEC High Voltage. University of Sydney. Dr Keith Mitchell. Engineering
University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering Dr Keith Mitchell ELEC 5205 - High Voltage Engineering ELEC 5205 - High Voltage Engineering 3. Switchgear Types of Power System Switchgear
More informationOne-Fit,UFES, Reyrolle LM
EPDS SERVICE, SOUTH AFRICA, FRANS BOUWER, 2018. Retrofit Solutions One-Fit,UFES, Reyrolle LM AMEU Namibia,March 2018 Retrofit Agenda 1. Safety 2. One-Fit overview 3. UFES overview 4. Reyrolle LM-Switchgear
More informationCOMPARISON OF FULL FLOW DILUTION, PARTIAL FLOW DILUTION, AND RAW EXHAUST PARTICLE NUMBER MEASUREMENTS
COMPARISON OF FULL FLOW DILUTION, PARTIAL FLOW DILUTION, AND RAW EXHAUST PARTICLE NUMBER MEASUREMENTS M. Yusuf Khan 1, Sagar Sharma 1, Chet Mun Liew 1, Abhay Joshi 1,Daniel Barnes 1, Nathan Scott 1, Benjamin
More informationTECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
DC Circuit Breaker TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION TRK5650523200 Ed.1 of 23/07/13 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 2 2. DESCRIPTION... 2 2.1 Description of circuit breaker... 2 2.2 Operating mode... 2 2.3 Variants and
More informationLimitor -G General Purpose Fuses
Limitor -G General Purpose Fuses HIGH VOLTAGE IEC FUSES DIN HV GENERAL PURPOSE FUSES FOR TRANSFORMERS FEATURES & BENEFITS Mersen HV fuse-links have been used for reliable protection in high-voltage switchgear
More informationDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIT UNIVERSITY HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
1 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Introduction to High Voltage Testing It is essential to ensure that the electrical equipment is capable of withstanding the overvoltages that are met within the service.
More informationCASE STUDY ON RESOLVING OIL WHIRL ISSUES ON GAS COMPRESSOR
CASE STUDY ON RESOLVING OIL WHIRL ISSUES ON GAS COMPRESSOR John J. Yu, Ph.D. Nicolas Péton Sergey Drygin, Ph.D. GE Oil & Gas 1 / Abstract This case is a site vibration issue on a Gas compressor module.
More information3M Cold Shrink QT-III Silicone Rubber Termination Kits 7640-T and 7650-T Series 5, 8, 15, 25/28 and 35 kv
3M Cold Shrink QT-III Silicone Rubber Termination Kits 7640-T and 7650-T Series 5, 8, 15, 25/28 and 35 kv Data Sheet September 2014 Description 3M Cold Shrink QT-III Silicone Rubber Termination Kits, 7640-T
More informationHIGH VOLTAGE MODULE TEST SYSTEM
HIGH VOLTAGE MODULE TEST SYSTEM 4.0/4 Module Test Systems n AC, DC, and impulse testing n Factory testing n R&D n Education / training MODULES FOR VOLTAGE GENERATION Test transformers for 100 and 200 kv
More informationExtra-High-Voltage SF 6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear
Extra-High-Voltage SF 6 Gas-Insulated Switchgear Shuichi Sugiyama Masahiko Fujita Takahiro Shinohara 1. Introduction Due to location criteria and toughened restrictions on transportation, it has become
More informationHHD. High Voltage Fuses German DIN Standard. The temperature limiting function of the fuse striker pin. Design and construction.
HHD High Voltage Fuses German DIN Standard For Air & Gas Insulated Switchgear Indoor and Outdoor Application The striker pin system is connected by means of a high resistance parallel conductor. After
More informationIndependent Testing Laboratory for High Voltage Equipment
T E S T I N G L A B O R A T O R Y Independent Testing Laboratory for High Voltage Equipment 1 CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT The primary concern for utilities is to ensure grid reliability, efficiency, and security.
More informationEaton s Cooper Power Systems
Page: 1 of CERTIFIED TEST REPORT Eaton s Cooper Power Systems 600 Amp - 35 kv Class Deadbreak Bushing With Internal Ground Screen Design Qualification Tests December 17, 2013 Supersedes 10/20 2013 Eaton
More informationAnalysis of Generator Stator Remaining Breakdown Voltage for Power Plant
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2016; 5(3): 22-27 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/epes doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20160503.11 ISSN: 2326-912X (Print); ISSN: 2326-9200 (Online)
More information30A BLDC ESC. Figure 1: 30A BLDC ESC
30A BLDC ESC Figure 1: 30A BLDC ESC Introduction This is fully programmable 30A BLDC ESC with 5V, 3A BEC. Can drive motors with continuous 30Amp load current. It has sturdy construction with 2 separate
More informationIEC Standard Compliant Vacuum Circuit-Breaker (12 kv, 24 kv) for Southeast Asian Markets
IEC Standard Compliant Vacuum Circuit-Breaker (12 kv, 24 kv) for Southeast Asian Markets OKAZAKI, Takayuki KIKUCHI, Masanori TOKUNAGA, Yoshihide A B S T R A C T As Southeast Asia continues to experience
More informationHHD HIGH VOLTAGE FUSES GERMAN DIN STANDARD. The temperature limiting function of the fuse striker pin. Design and construction.
HHD HIGH VOLTAGE GERMAN DIN STANDARD FOR AIR & GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEARS OUTDOOR SWITCHGEARS The striker pin system is connected by means of a high resistance parallel conductor. After melting the main
More information25-kV Apparatus Bushings A Series (clamp-in) for Elbow to Air-Insulated Service 200 Amp and 600 Amp
Page 1 2018 Grounded Metal Equipment Plate Equipment Connection 15 kv or 25 kv Separable Insulated Connector (elbow) Grounded Metal Equipment Plate Equipment Connection Power Cable Power Cable ELRIM Cycloaliphatic
More informationApplication of Thick-Film Substrate Technology in High Voltage HRC Fuses
Application of Thick-Film Substrate Technology in High Voltage HRC Fuses M. Wilniewczyc (1), G. Hoffmann (2) and U. Kaltenborn (3) ABB Sp. z o.o. (1), ul. Zeganska 1, PL-4-713 Warszawa, Poland, mariusz.wilniewczyc@pl.abb.com
More informationAppendix L-2 Calculating Combined-Cycle and Cogeneration
Appendix L-2 Calculating Combined-Cycle and Cogeneration Block Data Using the Fleet-type Rollup Method When Reporting Each Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Unit Overview This document will explain the fleet-type
More informationSurge Current, I 2 t Value and Short - Circuit Protection of High Power Semiconductors.
Date: 30.05.2005 Page 1 Surge Current, I 2 t Value and Short - Circuit Protection of High Power Semiconductors. According to DIN IEC 60747 the maximum rated surge current is the maximum allowable non periodical,
More informationIgnition Strategies for Fuel Mixtures in Catalytic Microburners.
Ignition Strategies for Fuel Mixtures in Catalytic Microburners. V I K R A M S E S H A D R I AND N I K E T S. K A I S A R C O M B U S T I O N T H E O RY AND M O D E L L I N G VOL. 1 4, N O. 1, 2 0 1 0,
More informationSolid Dielectric, Triple Option Reclosers Catalog O-vlt14
Solid Dielectric, Triple Option Reclosers Providing electronic overcurrent protection for single or three phase operation on systems rated through 27kV, 630A or 800A continuous current, 12.5 or 16kA symmetrical
More information35-kV Thru-Bushings F Series (bolt-in) for Air-Insulated to Air-Insulated Service 200 Amp, 600 Amp, 900 Amp and 1250 Amp
Page 1 2018 Equipment Connection Bus Bar, or Grounded Metal Equipment Plate F Series Mounting Holes ELRIM Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Provides: Nontracking, self-scouring, nonweathering performance Superior dielectric
More informationHigh voltage in motion Environmentally friendly circuit breakers and economic long-rod insulators
High voltage in motion Environmentally friendly circuit breakers and economic long-rod insulators Christian Hückler, Sales Manager Air-Insulated Switchgears siemens.at/future-of-energy High voltage in
More informationMolded Vacuum Reclosers The recloser you want, all in one package. Single- and Three-Phase Molded Vacuum Reclosers, 15 38kV
The recloser you want, all in one package. Single- and Three-Phase, 15 38kV The need for automated reclosers has never been greater, but many of today s reclosers come with penalties. They weigh too much,
More informationJOHANSON DIELECTRICS INC Bledsoe Street, Sylmar, Ca Phone (818) Fax (818)
Impact of Pad Design and Spacing on AC Breakdown Performance John Maxwell, Vice President of Engineering, Johanson Dielectrics Inc. Enrique Lemus, Quality Engineer, Johanson Dielectrics Inc. 15191 Bledsoe
More informationABB AG - EPDS. Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch UFES active internal arc protection
ABB AG - EPDS Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch UFES active internal arc protection Agenda Arc fault Protection concepts Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch type UFES Principle Components Differentiation of protection
More informationFUSES. Safety through quality
Safety through quality HH HIGH VOLTAGE Over many decades SIBA has developed a global product line of High Voltage Fuses that are comprehensive for any and all applications. Superior engineering, advanced
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621213 QUESTION BANK --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sub. Code : EE2402 Semester
More information15A (2 Form C), 10A (4 Form C) COMPACT POWER RELAYS WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY
5A ( Form C), A (4 Form C) COMPACT POWER RELAYS WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY RELAYS RoHS Directive compatibility information http://www.mew.co.jp/ac/e/environment/ Taking advantage of the 4-gap balanced armature
More informationAppendix L-1 Calculating Combined-Cycle and Cogeneration
Appendix L-1 Calculating Combined-Cycle and Cogeneration Block Data Using the Synthesis Event and Performance Method When Reporting Each Gas Turbine/Steam Turbine Unit Overview This document will explain
More informationFirst Applications on AltaLink s Network. Roggero Ciofani, P. Eng. Colin Clark, P. Eng.
First Applications on AltaLink s Network Roggero Ciofani, P. Eng. Colin Clark, P. Eng. Overview Technology Overview Applications and Alternatives Advantages Alberta Special Considerations Operational Implications
More informationTECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
DC Circuit Breaker TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION TRK5650515200 Ed.1 of 21/02/13 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 2 2. DESCRIPTION... 2 2.1 Description of circuit breaker... 2 2.2 Operating mode... 2 2.3 Variants and
More informationContemporary technological solutions
Contemporary technological solutions ATOMEXPO-2018. 15 MAY. ROUND TABLE RUSSIA'S OPPORTUNITIES IN NEW POWER GENERATION To enable energy transformation Enver Shulgin, Vice President, Local Division Manager,
More information15 kv and 25 kv Thru-Bushings
Page 1 2001 ELRIM Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Provides: Nontracking, self-scouring, nonweathering performance Superior dielectric strength, dielectric loss and power factor Choice of shapes allows design innovation
More informationHV DIN FUSE-LINKS FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION. March 2017
HV DIN FUSE-LINKS FOR TRANSFORMER PROTECTION March 2017 HV FUSE-LINKS IN THE WORLD UL STANDARD E OR R RATED: AMERICAN STANDARD DIN STANDARD: GERMAN STANDARD FR STANDARD: FRENCH STANDARD BS STANDARD: BRITISH
More informationHigh Speed Fuse Applications Module 5
High Speed Fuse Applications Module 5 Power Semiconductors GTO SSR Semiconductors: High speed electronic switches used to manipulate electrical power Diode Thyristor IGBT Module 5 - page 2 2 Application
More informationTime Delay Technique for Pinpointing PD Noise on Combined Cycle Systems Troy Coleman, Plant Technical Services
Time Delay Technique for Pinpointing PD Noise on Combined Cycle s Troy Coleman, Plant Technical Services Puget Sound Energy >1 Million Customers 772 MW Wind 3 Farms 276 MW Hydro 2 Projects 2481 MW Thermal
More information25 kv Apparatus Bushings
Page 1 2001 ELRIM Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Provides: Nontracking, self-scouring, nonweathering performance Superior dielectric strength, dielectric loss and power factor Choice of shapes allows design innovation
More informationContents. Design Test Results for Specimen Design Test Results for Specimen Voltage Impulse Oscillograms...9
3M Electrical Markets Division Test Report Contents Purpose...3 Test Specimens...3 Tests...4 Design Test Results for Specimen 92615...5 Design Test Results for Specimen 92652..7 Voltage Impulse Oscillograms.....9
More informationN1240/N1243 Series Troubleshooting Guide for N1240-3/N Alternators
N1240/N1243 Series Troubleshooting Guide for N1240-3/N1243-2 Alternators Hazard Definitions These terms are used to bring attention to presence of hazards of various risk levels or to important information
More informationELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION
Table of Contents ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION Section 3B - Troubleshooting and Diagnostics TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTICS Specifications........................... 3B-1 Special Tools...........................
More informationModule 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 9:Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd.
Mechanisms of HC Formation in SI Engines... contd. The Lecture Contains: HC from Lubricating Oil Film Combustion Chamber Deposits HC Mixture Quality and In-Cylinder Liquid Fuel HC from Misfired Combustion
More informationHigh Voltage Bushing Wells for Pad Mounted Distribution Transformers Technical Guide
1ZUA2761-500 rev. 5, 6 April 2010 High Voltage Bushing Wells for Pad Mounted Distribution Transformers Technical Guide 1ZUA2761-500 rev. 5, 6 April 2010 2 / 9 Table of contents 1 Description... 3 2 Ratings...
More information(Addendum to the March 1994 Evaluation) March 11, 1999
Evaluation of the Red Jacket Fx1DV and Fx2DV Installed in the Big-Flo Diaphragm Valve (BFDV) for Hourly Testing on Flexible Pipelines Containing Diesel Fuel (Addendum to the March 1994 Evaluation) PREPARED
More informationContactors. CH1130/02 Series Single pole high-voltage contactor up to 3 kv Catalogue C170.en. Connect - Contact - Control
Connect - Contact - Control 3 Contactors CH1130/02 Series Single pole high-voltage contactor up to 3 kv Catalogue C170.en More information at: schaltbau-gmbh.com 42 CH1130/02 Single pole high-voltage contactor
More informationThermodynamic Properties of DuPont ISCEON MO99
DuPont ISCEON REFRIGERANTS Technical Information Thermodynamic Properties of DuPont ISCEON MO99 SI Units Thermodynamic Properties of DuPont ISCEON MO99 SI Units Physical Properties Refrigerant Classification
More informationOutdoor live tank SF 6. circuit breaker Type OHB for 24/36/40.5 kv applications
Outdoor live tank SF 6 circuit breaker Type OHB for 24/36/40.5 kv applications ABB a global leader ABB is a global leader in Power and Automation technologies that enable utility and industry customers
More informationHigh Voltage Surge Arresters Station Class
Power Transmission and Distribution High Voltage Surge Arresters Station Class Product Overview High Voltage High Protection Just as the Golden Gate Bridge has successfully defied all winds, weather and
More informationPRODUCT / TEST MANUAL 2L9K2 BATTERY EARTH FAULT RELAY
Sheet 1 of 5 Order Number Serial Number PRODUCT / TEST MANUAL 2L9K2 BATTERY EARTH FAULT RELAY Issue Date Level B 27/05/1999 Initial issue. Summary of changes Due to RMS continuous product improvement policy
More informationQuick Splice II. 35 kv Molded Rubber Inline Splicing Kit Data Sheet. 2. Applications. 1. Product Description
Quick Splice II 5461 (CN) Cable (JCN) Cable 35 kv Molded Rubber Inline Splicing Kit Data Sheet Accessory Splice Jacket 1. Product Description The 3M 5461 Quick Splice II is a 35 kv class inline splice
More informationDr Joerg Friedel Product Application Specialist Shell Technology Centre Hamburg, Germany
Dr Joerg Friedel Product Application Specialist Shell Technology Centre Hamburg, Germany An inhibited transformer oil based on Shell gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology The evolution of hydrocarbon transformer
More informationfactsheet Field Sprayer Calibration Introduction Pre-Calibration Checklist Using a Calibration Bottle
Field Sprayer Calibration Introduction It is important to properly calibrate your sprayer for maximum performance. Improper spray application can be costly in terms of poor pest control, crop injury and
More informationDYNACOMP. The top-class reactive power compensator
DYNACOMP The top-class reactive power compensator Dynacomp vs Electromechanical switching of capacitors Electromechanical switching of capacitors The Dynacomp : the top-class dynamic compensator Transients
More informationTransient Measurement of Diesel Nano-Particles by a Newly Developed DDMA
Transient Measurement of Diesel Nano-Particles by a Newly Developed DDMA Terunao KAWAI Rahman M. Montajir*, Yuichi GOTO, Matsuo Odaka N T S E L National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory JAPAN
More information25-kV Apparatus Bushings B Series (bolt-in) for Elbow to Air-Insulated Service 200 Amp, 600 Amp, 900 Amp and 1250 Amp
Page 1 2018 Grounded Metal Equipment Plate Equipment Connection Bus Bar or Other Component 15 kv or 25 kv Separable Insulated Connector (elbow) Equipment Connection Power Cable Power Cable ELRIM Cycloaliphatic
More informationStudy on Emission Characteristics Test of Diesel Engine Operating on. Diesel/Methanol Blends
Study on Emission Characteristics Test of Diesel Engine Operating on Diesel/Methanol Blends Yuanhua Jia1, a, Guifu Wu2,b, Enhui Xing3,c,Ping Hang 4,d,Wanjiang Wu5e 1,2,3, 4,5 College of Mechanical Engineering
More informationSF6 free high-voltage GIS installation in Zürich, CH.
SF6 free high-voltage GIS installation in Zürich, CH. Dr. Walter Holaus, Global Product Manager, ABB Switzerland. 25.11.2015 Current developments in High-voltage switchgear Some examples November 27, 2015
More informationMITIGATE ARC EFFECTS WITHIN AN E-HOUSE
MITIGATE ARC EFFECTS WITHIN AN E-HOUSE Jérôme DOUCHIN Anthony BROWN Juha RINTALA Schneider Electric France Schneider Electric Singapore Schneider Electric Finland Jerome.douchin@ Anthony.brown@ juha.rintala@
More informationCOMPANDER VIBRATION TROUBLESHOOTING. Sébastien Jaouen, Cryostar Cliff Bauer, MOL Stéphane Berger, Flender Alain Guéraud, Cryostar
COMPANDER VIBRATION TROUBLESHOOTING Sébastien Jaouen, Cryostar Cliff Bauer, MOL Stéphane Berger, Flender Alain Guéraud, Cryostar Bios Sébastien Jaouen is currently the structural calculation team leader
More informationNormal vs Abnormal Combustion in SI engine. SI Combustion. Turbulent Combustion
Turbulent Combustion The motion of the charge in the engine cylinder is always turbulent, when it is reached by the flame front. The charge motion is usually composed by large vortexes, whose length scales
More informationGetting the Lead Out December, 2007
Getting the Lead Out December, 2007 Tom DeBonis Assembly & Test Technology Development Technology and Manufacturing Group Summary Intel has removed the lead (Pb) from its manufacturing process across its
More informationChain Cam Drive Efficiency Optimization and Comparison to Belt Drives
Chain Cam Drive Efficiency Optimization and Comparison to Belt Drives October 2012 Our Beliefs Respect Collaboration Excellence Integrity Community Outline Intro to Timing Drive Friction Test Stand & Procedure
More information35-kV Apparatus Bushings B Series (bolt-in) for Elbow to Air-Insulated Service 200 Amp, 600 Amp, 900 Amp and 1250 Amp
Page 1 2018 Grounded Metal Equipment Plate Equipment Connection Bus Bar or Other Component 35 kv Separable Insulated Connector (elbow) Grounded Metal Equipment Plate Equipment Connection Bus Bar or Other
More informationSmart Fume Extractor
Smart Fume Extractor The most efficient solution. It only works when soldering and features a unique system integrated into the stand JBC takes fume extractors to a higher level with its new smart Fume
More informationSolid Dielectric, Triple Option Reclosers Catalog O-vlt14
Solid Dielectric, Triple Option Reclosers Providing electronic overcurrent protection for single or three phase operation on systems rated through 27kV, 630A or 800A continuous current, 12.5 or 16kA symmetrical
More informationQuick Splice II 5451R. 25/28 kv Molded Rubber Cable Repair Splicing Kit Data Sheet. 1. Product Description. 2. Applications
Quick Splice II 5451R (CN) Cable (JCN) Cable Accessory Splice Jacket 25/28 kv Molded Rubber Cable Repair Splicing Kit Data Sheet 1. Product Description The 3M 5451R Quick Splice II is a 25/28 kv class
More informationBangkok Technical Conference Bangkok, Thailand 30 June, 2013
Cost-Effective Alternative In PU Foam Applications Bangkok Technical Conference Bangkok, Thailand 30 June, 2013 ecomate: International Perspective, Trends & Developments Outline ecomate Technology Review
More informationACCURL HYDRAULIC CNC PUNCH PRESS
ACCURL HYDRAULIC CNC PUNCH PRESS SMART-FAB P SERIES Shaping your future ACCURL HYDRAULIC CNC PUNCH PRESS SMART-FAB P SERIES Accurl MAX-SF Series CNC Punch Press is the newly developed Multi Index Tools
More informationTHIN FILM FUSE LINK. R D Harrison*, I Harrisont, A F Howet.
169 THIN FILM FUSE LINK R D Harrison*, I Harrisont, A F Howet. *Bussman Division Cooper (UK) Ltd, Burton on the wolds, Leicestershire, LEI 2 5TH, UK. tdepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,University
More informationReliability Evaluations and Test Functions Devised for Automotive Power Devices
Technology Report Reliability Evaluations and Test Functions Devised for Automotive Power Devices Batteries & Energy System Equipment Headquarters ESPEC CORP. Michiya Kusaka Norihito Kan Makoto Kitagawa
More information1ZSE EN, REV. 7. Oil SF 6. bushings type GOEK Technical guide
1ZSE 2750-106 EN, REV. 7 Oil SF 6 bushings type GOEK Technical guide Original instruction The information provided in this document is intended to be general and does not cover all possible applications.
More informationTesting of particulate emissions from positive ignition vehicles with direct fuel injection system. Technical Report
Testing of particulate emissions from positive ignition vehicles with direct fuel injection system -09-26 by Felix Köhler Institut für Fahrzeugtechnik und Mobilität Antrieb/Emissionen PKW/Kraftrad On behalf
More informationMicafil transformer oil-sf 6 bushings GARIP / RTKG kv. Power and productivity for a better world TM ABB
Micafil transformer oil-sf 6 bushings GARIP / RTKG 72.5 55 kv Power and productivity for a better world TM ABB Design and accessories The design of the main RIP insulating body includes a solid, non-removable
More informationDevelopment of Higher-voltage Direct Current Power Feeding System for ICT Equipment
: NTT Group R&D for Reducing Environmental Load Development of Higher-voltage Direct Current Power Feeding System for ICT Equipment Yousuke Nozaki Abstract This article describes the development of a higher-voltage
More information3AP1 DTC for 145 and 245 kv
The Hybrid Solution 3AP1 DTC for 145 and 245 kv siemens.com/answers Solutions for switchgears and substations fully encapsulated h y b r i d Grade of encapsulation partly encapsulated not encapsulated
More informationBM16LP. Thanks for your purchasing the cell monitor for your vehicle.
BM16LP 8S-16S LiPo CELL Monitor Low power consumption High accuracy TFT LCD display Programmable Thanks for your purchasing the cell monitor for your vehicle. Read the ENTIRE instruction manual to become
More informationRecent progress on R&D toward Neutral Beam Injector for ITER and JT-60SA
Recent progress on R&D toward Neutral Beam Injector for ITER and JT-60SA Rapporteur; Hiroyuki TOBARI (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) (FIP/2-5Ra) Development of DC ultra-high voltage insulation technology
More informationANSI DESIGN TEST REPORT Report No. EU 1512-HR-00.5 Type PDV 100 Optima Heavy Duty Distribution Class Surge Arrester
ANSI DESIGN TEST REPORT Report No. EU 1512-HR-00.5 Type PDV 100 Optima Heavy Duty Distribution Class Surge Arrester This report records the results of the design tests made on Type PDV 100 Optima Distribution
More informationHGM1750 Genset Security Module USER MANUAL Smartgen Technology
HGM1750 Genset Security Module USER MANUAL Smartgen Technology CONTENT 1. SUMMARY... 4 2. PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS... 5 3. SPECIFICATION... 7 4. OPERATION... 8 5. PROTECTION... 9 6. PARAMETER RANGE
More information