In search of Uniform and Equable Motion
|
|
- Aldous Higgins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 In search of Uniform and Equable Motion Three term (PID) control A history and some thoughts on current practice Page 1
2 The story 1. Early engines were batch devices with sequence controls 2. The interest in displacing water and wind mills meant an interest in uniform and equable motion 3. The engine governor emerged and exposed the principals of dynamics and of proportional and integral action 4. Meanwhile P+I enters the process world 5. The application to IC engines is widespread 6. How about PID control for research? 2
3 Mentions 1. Stuart Bennett (Sheffield) Colleagues (for use of slides and material) Zhijia Yang Dezong Zhao Ed Winward 3. Our students and particularly Tyson Cheung. 4. Our Loughborough technical team 3
4 A parallel form
5 Newcomen s environment World of intense commercial activity Water was the nuisance factor in mining and agriculture Cornish mines presented a substantial market The principal energy source was South Wales coal Harveys of Hayle was to become one of the great steam engine suppliers (Geevor mine web site)
6 Henry Ford Museum Guide Newcomen s 1712 engine
7 Watt s double acting engine
8 Windmills and making flour gerald-massey.org.uk/windmills 8
9 The centrifugal governor Already established patented in 1787 by Thomas Mead Matthew Boulton suggested to James Watt to use as an engine governor Watt had already been working on the new throttle actuator gerald-massey.org.uk/windmills 9
10 Watt s governor en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lap_engine A proportional controller and known to suffer from offset Stuart Bennett, 10 A History of Control Engineering,
11 Pump governors Pump regulators may have been invented by James Watt Continued to be developed in spite of the progress of the mechanical governor Two particular aspects Integral action Actuating force Stuart Bennett, A History of Control Engineering,
12 Siemens and Maxwell The Siemens brothers arrive in the UK to commercially exploit William Siemen s new governor Maxwell motivated by the dynamics of governor behaviour Governors were also needed in scientific equipment Maxwell s analysis presented in February 1868 not as lucid as usual Routh picks up the ideas and works with them Stuart Bennett, A History of Control Engineering,
13 Maxwell s analysis dd dddd dddd MM dddd = PP RR FF dddd dddd VV In the steady state, left hand side vanishes so that dddd dddd = VV + PP RR FF William Siemens already used the terms: Moderator for a governor demonstrating droop Governor for an isochronous (constant speed) controller. Moderator dd dddd dddd BB dddd = FF dddd dddd VV In the steady state, dddd dddd = VV Governor J C Maxwell, On Governors, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (20 th February 1868) 13
14 Maxwell and Jenkins In 1861 the British Association for the Advancement of Science appointed a committee to establish electrical standards Resistance measurements required the precise rotation of a coil Fleeming-Jenkins governor was conceived for this purpose It includes integral action. Fleeming Jenkin s governor (Stuart Bennett, History of Control Engineering 14
15 Mid 20 th century and the diesel governor Medium speed diesel engines in a wide variety of applications marine, power railway traction Seminal paper on governors came from an unusual source. Paxman, AEC, University of Cambridge (Donald Welbourn) Main impact appears to have been a substantial reduction in test bed usage D. B. Welbourn, D. K. Roberts, and R. A. Fuller, Governing of Compression-Ignition Oil Engines, Proceedings of the IMechE, June :
16 The Ardleigh Type 222 governor 1 pp 0 DD 2 + 2ζζ pp 0 DD + 1 xx = μμ gg sin pppp Ardleigh later Regulateurs Europa 16
17 Achieving PI functionality μμ gg TT NN TT NN + TT SS + 1 TT NN + TT SS. 1 DD ωω ee TT NN = rr γγrr 3 rr 2 TT SS = 1 ααrr 1 αα γγ rr 1, rr 2, rr 3 are all geometrical factors αα, γγ are respectively flow co-efficients with dimensions LL TT LL 17
18 The PID controller in a process setting uu ss = KK sstt ii + sstt dd ee ss Usually a PI controller will stabilise a plant so long as TT ii is chosen well Actuating devices scaled 0-100% 1/K is defined as the proportional band (PB) N% PB gives N% output for a 100% error Reset time is the time taken for a 100% error to create 100% output uu ss = KK sstt ii ee ss Clarke, D W PID algorithms and their computer implementation Trans Inst MC, 6, 6, 1984
19 Early developments The earliest process control devices emerged in the early 20 th century The late 19 th century had seen a growing demand for instrumentation and automation Foxboro and Taylor Instrument both emerged during this period The modern pneumatic control is a testimony to the early beginnings Foxboro 43AP controller
20 The pneumatic PI controller Modern Control Engineering Ogata,
21 Practical considerations and the D term 1. Adding feedforward 2. Bump-less transfer from manual to automatic control 3. Avoidance of derivative (and proportional) kick 4. Measurement conditioning and filtering 5. Rate limits for start-up of a new process 21 21
22 The D term 1. Provide phase lead 2. Simply adding a D term could improve phase margin and decrease gain margin sstt 3. Apply a term, DD where typically αα = ααααTT DD 4. Velocity feedback apply derivative of feedback alone 5. Set-point filter progressively apply a set point change Li, Y, Ang, K H, Chong, G C Y, PID Control Systems Analysis and Design, IEEE Control Systems Magazine 26 (1), pp
23 A PI loop with feedforward vv ss KK ff ee ss KK sstt ii Control, uu ss = K sstt ii ee ss With feedforward, control, uu ss = K sstt ii ee ss + KK ff vv ss
24 The PID controller A practical implementation ww ss + K uuu ss Limiter uu ss ff ss sstt ii yy ss 1 + sstt dd Total action on yy ss is uu ss = K sstt ii 1 + sstt dd yy ss Zeros at 1 TT ii, 1 TT dd Clarke, D W PID algorithms and their computer implementation Trans Inst MC, 6, 6, 1984
25 Non-interacting form of controller L1 provides de-saturation L2 provides a secondary limit Clarke, D W PID algorithms and their computer implementation Trans Inst MC, 6, 6,
26 Tuning the PID controller Tuning methods emerged from the efforts made by the instrumentation suppliers Ideas were emerging in the 1930s Fulscope 100 from Taylor was the first PID controller (announced in 1939) Most significant result came from the Taylor Instrument Company Ziegler and Nichols papers (1942 and 1943) Cohen and Coon (1953) J G Ziegler and N B Nichols, Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers, Trans ASME, 64,
27 The effect of tuning Clarke suggests following PI tuning rules produces a toolively controller But the PID rules place two zeros on the real axis and guarantee stability. Increasing gain for simple plant, 1 1+ss 3 Using the Z-N PI tuning rule Place zero at 1.2 TT uu = 0.33 Clarke, D W PID algorithms and their computer implementation Trans Inst MC, 6, 6, 1984
28 Effect of tuning on disturbance rejection Richard Dorf Modern Control Systems 12 th Edition
29 PID - a short summary 1. Form of control that emerged in both the engine and process sectors in a quite different form 2. Much of PID literature is process oriented but there is substantial carry-over 3. The PID algorithm is well documented, well supported by tuning rules and can be adapted to multi-variable situations 29
30 The diesel engine Electronic control unit Inlet manifold Common rail EGR valve Injectors Intercooler EGR cooler VNT control Exhaust manifold Turbocharger Fuel tank Inlet air temperature Mass air flow meter Catalyst
31 The Challenge 1. Rapid iteration 2. Relative ease of adjustment and tuning 3. Reliable known algorithms with understood properties 4. Open to analytical and experimental approaches 31 31
32 Diesel Fuel Path Control(1) Two loop engine speed control system with CA50 and Alpha control system (control structure) Page 32
33 Diesel Fuel Path Control(1) Two loop engine speed control system with CA50 and Alpha control system Page 33
34 Diesel Fuel Path Control (2) 2I2O P max and IMEP Control Control structure Page 34
35 Diesel Fuel Path Control (2) 2I2O P max and IMEP Control Control authority Engine Speed: 1100rpm Variation of Pmax and IMEP with the two inputs: m1 and m2 Page 35
36 Diesel Fuel Path Control (2) 2I2O P max and IMEP Control System Control results: step response Cylinder 2 IMEP step response Cylinder 2 P max step response Engine Speed: 1100rpm Page 36
37 Evaluation of ETA hardware and controls The benefits of ETA Easily integrated into existing Turbine or VGT system Ability to improve the engine response to fast load increase Facilitates conversion of extra exhaust energy into electricity Some of the hallenges Thermal management Control scheme Mechanical installation Number 1 Engine Lab at Loughborough
38 Air Path System (with ETA) Three control inputs: 1) EGR valve position 2) VGT vane position 3) ETA torque demand Implementation of control system of the test engine 38
39 ETA and Fuel Consumption(1) Delta Pressure = EXP-MAP 1) Delta pressure increases with the increased VGT vane position 2) Delta pressure drops a little at low VGT vane position and then evolves to increase a little at high VGT vane position when ETA swept from generation to motoring 1) Fuel rate strongly correlated to delta pressure 2) At low VGT vane position, small increase of delta pressure caused by ETA generating mode results in bigger fuel rate increment (deteriorated efficiency) 39
40 ETA and Fuel Consumption(2) When EGR valve open (engine test results-delta pressure & MAP) When EGR valve open, the area of the shape of delta pressure related to MAP formed by different ETA and VGT becomes smaller because of the reduced delta pressure (it can be remembered as like a paper falling to the desk) 40
41 ETA and Fuel Consumption(3) When EGR valve open (engine test results-fuel rate & delta pressure) 1) When EGR valve opened wider, the maximum delta pressure becomes smaller and the fuel rate is more sensitive to delta pressure change which is caused by ETA especially when ETA is generating 2) The total area formed by fuel rate and delta pressure for all feasible VGT, EGR and ETA combinations can be simplified as a triangular area 41
42 3I3O Square Control Structure Selection (2) Three PI Controllers Decoupler Complete multi-variable controller 42 Such structure is the simplest decoupling multi-variable controller
43 3I3O Control System Implementation (1) Use looptune or systune MATLAB function 43
44 3I3O Control System Implementation (2) Gain-scheduling techniques were used for engine transient 44
45 3I3O Control System Engine Test Results (1) Setpoint tracking performance Three controlled variables Three control variables Engine Torque 45
46 Fast Starting Strategy Investigated by Toyota Motor Corporation to improve stop-start quality Utilises compressed cylinder for restart 50% Starting energy reduction 63% Cranking time reduction 10dB sound reduction Assisted Direct Start Strategy Kenji Kataoka, Kimitoshi Tsuji, Crankshaft Positioning Utilizing Compression Force and Fast Starting with Combustion Assist for Indirect Injection Engine, SAE Technical Paper , DOI: /
47 Deploying a PID Controller Constant Deceleration Trajectory Speed Profile ωω tt = ωω tttttt tt ssssssss tt + ωω tttttt Crank angle profile θθ tt = ωω tttttt 2 tt ssssssss tt 2 + ωω tttttt tt 47
48 Implementing a PID Controller Control Input dddd tt uu tt = KK pp ee tt + KK ii ee ττ dddd + KK dd 0 dddd Application Dynamic Lookup table for reference speed Low speed control loop Controller Gains Tuned iteratively Increasing KK pp increased tracking performance KK dd and KK ii were found to decrease performance Initiation Speed reduced the peak control input - engine initially has high angular momentum tt
49 The results a benchmark assessment 14 PID Controlled Shutdown Stop Time [s] Error [Degrees] Max Acceleration Fluctuation [100 rad/s] Peak Torque [danm] Net Energy Usage [kj] Uncontrolled PID
50 Observations and question PI and PID controls Simple Available Practical aspects covered Tuning rules developed Heuristics Provides a benchmark Open source Why so few examples? Github - Arduino - RPi What makes for a good real-time kit? 1 Could we easily modularise both algorithms and tuning? 1 LI, Y, Ang, K H and Chong, G C Y PID Control Analysis and Design IEEE Control Systems Magazine (26) 1,pp
51 Summary (1) 1. The origins of control for uniform motion echo in today s control solutions 2. PID is widely understood familiar to most engineers - but not that well understood 3. But surrounded by a kind of folklore that has been dispelled in at least some of the process industry 4. Provides an excellent basis for quick implementations - tuning accessible heuristics accessible 51 51
52 Summary (2) 1. How do we access the best practice? 2. How do we choose the right analytical approach? Through modelling Through experiment and design 3. By making the controller easier we emphasise the physical solution 4. Understanding the dynamics remains our central interest 52 52
53 A concluding thought The change from ponderous beams to uniform and equable motion was not the result of a process of gradual improvement Rather it was through the use and adaptation of existing devices to meet the practical problems as they arose Stuart Bennett The Search for 'Uniform and Equable Motion': a study of the early methods of the control of the steam engine University of Sheffield, Department of Automatic Control, Research Report No 20. (Can be downloaded.) 53
Modeling, Design and Simulation of Active Suspension System Frequency Response Controller using Automated Tuning Technique
Modeling, Design and Simulation of Active Suspension System Frequency Response Controller using Automated Tuning Technique Omorodion Ikponwosa Ignatius Obinabo C.E Evbogbai M.J.E. Abstract Car suspension
More informationIC Engine Control - the Challenge of Downsizing
IC Engine Control - the Challenge of Downsizing Dariusz Cieslar* 2nd Workshop on Control of Uncertain Systems: Modelling, Approximation, and Design Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge 23-24/9/2013
More informationBoombot: Low Friction Coefficient Stair Climbing Robot Using Rotating Boom and Weight Redistribution
Boombot: Low Friction Coefficient Stair Climbing Robot Using Rotating Boom and Weight Redistribution Sartaj Singh and Ramachandra K Abstract Boombot comprising four wheels and a rotating boom in the middle
More informationModeling, Design and Simulation of Active Suspension System Root Locus Controller using Automated Tuning Technique.
Modeling, Design and Simulation of Active Suspension System Root Locus Controller using Automated Tuning Technique. Omorodion Ikponwosa Ignatius Obinabo C.E Abstract Evbogbai M.J.E. Car suspension system
More informationThe control of a free-piston engine generator. Part 2: engine dynamics and piston motion control
The control of a free-piston engine generator. Part 2: engine dynamics and piston motion control R. Mikalsen, A.P. Roskilly Sir Joseph Swan Institute for Energy Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle
More informationIJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 4, Issue 06, 2016 ISSN (online):
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 4, Issue 06, 2016 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Internal Model Controller for Temperature Control of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger System
More informationTest Bed 1 Energy Efficient Displacement-Controlled Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator
Test Bed 1 Energy Efficient Displacement-Controlled Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator Enrique Busquets Monika Ivantysynova October 7, 2015 Maha Fluid Power Research Center Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN,
More informationTao Zeng, Devesh Upadhyay, and Guoming Zhu*
217 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) December 12-15, 217, Melbourne, Australia - Tao Zeng, Devesh Upadhyay, and Guoming Zhu* 1 AbstractDiesel engines are of great challenges due
More informationControl of Charge Dilution in Turbocharged CIDI Engines via Exhaust Valve Timing
Control of Charge Dilution in Turbocharged CIDI Engines via Exhaust Valve Timing Anna Stefanopoulou, Hakan Yilmaz, David Rausen University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Extended Summary ABSTRACT Stringent NOx
More informationUnit WorkBook 4 Level 4 ENG U13 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines UniCourse Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Sample
Pearson BTEC Levels 4 Higher Nationals in Engineering (RQF) Unit 13: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines Unit Workbook 4 in a series of 4 for this unit Learning Outcome 4 Internal Combustion
More informationA Novel Method of Data Synchronization during Transient Engine Testing for ECU Development
Speakers Information- Controls, Measurement & Calibration Congress A Novel Method of Data Synchronization during Transient Engine Testing for ECU Development Jensen Samuel J, Paul Pramod S, Ramesh A IIT
More informationANNEX D APPENDIX D M915A5, LINE HAUL TRACTOR TRUCK KIT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. Revision Date Pages Description Draft April 2012 ALL Ron Swanson
ANNEX D APPENDIX D M915A5, LINE HAUL TRACTOR TRUCK KIT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS Revision Date Pages Description Draft 1.0 9 April 2012 ALL Ron Swanson Formating, insert revision table and acronyms. Verified
More informationImproving the Fuel Economy of Heavy Duty Fleets II San Diego, CA February 20th, 2008
Improving the Fuel Economy of Heavy Duty Fleets II San Diego, CA February 20th, 2008 Heavy Duty Truck Fuel Economy Options Southwest Research Institute David Branyon 1 Outline Background/history Current
More informationCommon Rail Injection System On-Line Parameter Calibration for Precise Injection Quantity Control
2010 American Control Conference Marriott Waterfront Baltimore MD USA June 30-July 02 2010 WeC19.6 Common Rail Injection System On-Line Parameter Calibration for Precise Injection Quantity Control Fengjun
More informationControl-oriented dynamics analysis for electrified turbocharged diesel engines
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Control-oriented dynamics analysis for electrified turbocharged diesel engines This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository
More information1) The locomotives are distributed, but the power is not distributed independently.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The railway is believed to be the most economical among all transportation means, especially for the transportation of mineral resources. In South Africa, most mines
More informationModification of IPG Driver for Road Robustness Applications
Modification of IPG Driver for Road Robustness Applications Alexander Shawyer (BEng, MSc) Alex Bean (BEng, CEng. IMechE) SCS Analysis & Virtual Tools, Braking Development Jaguar Land Rover Introduction
More informationA Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices
A Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices Part PatD20: Last updated: 26th September 2006 Author: Patrick J. Kelly This patent covers a device which is claimed to have a greater output power than the input
More informationContents. Preface... xiii Introduction... xv. Chapter 1: The Systems Approach to Control and Instrumentation... 1
Contents Preface... xiii Introduction... xv Chapter 1: The Systems Approach to Control and Instrumentation... 1 Chapter Overview...1 Concept of a System...2 Block Diagram Representation of a System...3
More informationA Comprehensive Study on Speed Control of DC Motor with Field and Armature Control R.Soundara Rajan Dy. General Manager, Bharat Dynamics Limited
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS A Comprehensive Study on Speed Control of DC Motor with Field and Armature Control R.Soundara Rajan Dy. General Manager, Bharat Dynamics Limited Abstract: The aim of this paper
More informationSemi-Active Suspension for an Automobile
Semi-Active Suspension for an Automobile Pavan Kumar.G 1 Mechanical Engineering PESIT Bangalore, India M. Sambasiva Rao 2 Mechanical Engineering PESIT Bangalore, India Abstract Handling characteristics
More informationIntegrated 1D Simulation for a Large Low-Speed 2-Stroke Marine Engine. Filip Cernik, CTU Prague
Integrated 1D Simulation for a Large Low-Speed 2-Stroke Marine Engine Filip Cernik, CTU Prague OUTLINE Introduction Injector Model Combustion Routine Exhaust Valve Drive Model Integrated Simulation Summary
More informationEGR Transient Simulation of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine using GT-Power
GT-SUITE USERS CONFERENCE FRANKFURT, OCTOBER 4 TH 2004 EGR Transient Simulation of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine using GT-Power TEAM OF WORK: G. GIAFFREDA, C. VENEZIA RESEARCH CENTRE ENGINE ENGINEERING
More informationGenerator Efficiency Optimization at Remote Sites
Generator Efficiency Optimization at Remote Sites Alex Creviston Chief Engineer, April 10, 2015 Generator Efficiency Optimization at Remote Sites Summary Remote generation is used extensively to power
More informationModeling and Simulation of Linear Two - DOF Vehicle Handling Stability
Modeling and Simulation of Linear Two - DOF Vehicle Handling Stability Pei-Cheng SHI a, Qi ZHAO and Shan-Shan PENG Anhui Polytechnic University, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Automotive
More informationUnit WorkBook 2 Level 4 ENG U16 Instrumentation and Control Systems 2018 UniCourse Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Sample
Pearson BTEC Level 4 Higher Nationals in Engineering (RQF) Unit 16: Instrumentation and Control Systems Unit Workbook 2 in a series of 4 for this unit Learning Outcome 2 Process Control Systems Page 1
More informationVibration Measurement and Noise Control in Planetary Gear Train
Vibration Measurement and Noise Control in Planetary Gear Train A.R.Mokate 1, R.R.Navthar 2 P.G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDVVP COE, A. Nagar, Maharashtra, India 1 Assistance Professor,
More informationAssessment of Governor Control Parameter Settings of a Submarine Diesel Engine
Assessment of Governor Control Parameter Settings of a Submarine Diesel Engine Peter Hield and Michael Newman Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Melbourne, Vic, Australia peter.hield@dsto.defence.gov.au
More informationMultivariable Model Predictive Control Design for Turbocharged Exhaust Gas Recirculation System in Marine Combustion Engines
Multivariable Model Predictive Control Design for Turbocharged Exhaust Gas Recirculation System in Marine Combustion Engines Sergey Samokhin, Kai Zenger Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation
More informationMulti Body Dynamic Analysis of Slider Crank Mechanism to Study the effect of Cylinder Offset
Multi Body Dynamic Analysis of Slider Crank Mechanism to Study the effect of Cylinder Offset Vikas Kumar Agarwal Deputy Manager Mahindra Two Wheelers Ltd. MIDC Chinchwad Pune 411019 India Abbreviations:
More informationFree Piston Engine Based Off-Road Vehicles
Marquette University Milwaukee School of Engineering Purdue University University of California, Merced University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University of Minnesota Vanderbilt University Free Piston
More informationTorque-Vectoring Control for Fully Electric Vehicles: Model-Based Design, Simulation and Vehicle Testing
Torque-Vectoring Control for Fully Electric Vehicles: Model-Based Design, Simulation and Vehicle Testing Leonardo De Novellis, Aldo Sorniotti, Patrick Gruber University of Surrey, UK a.sorniotti@surrey.ac.uk
More informationActive Control of Sheet Motion for a Hot-Dip Galvanizing Line. Dr. Stuart J. Shelley Dr. Thomas D. Sharp Mr. Ronald C. Merkel
Active Control of Sheet Motion for a Hot-Dip Galvanizing Line Dr. Stuart J. Shelley Dr. Thomas D. Sharp Mr. Ronald C. Merkel Sheet Dynamics, Ltd. 1776 Mentor Avenue, Suite 17 Cincinnati, Ohio 45242 Active
More informationMGA Research Corporation
MGA Research Corporation Real Time Simulation Testing Gerald Roesser David Nagle Thomas Hutter MGA Research Corporation 1 MGA Research Corporation PRESENTERS Gerald Roesser BSEE MGA Associate since 2001
More informationTHE FKFS 0D/1D-SIMULATION. Concepts studies, engineering services and consulting
THE FKFS 0D/1D-SIMULATION Concepts studies, engineering services and consulting r e s e a r c h i n m o t i o n. VEHICLE IN MOTION On the basis of constant engine speeds and loads, the combustion engine
More informationElectromagnetic Fully Flexible Valve Actuator
Electromagnetic Fully Flexible Valve Actuator A traditional cam drive train, shown in Figure 1, acts on the valve stems to open and close the valves. As the crankshaft drives the camshaft through gears
More informationCalibration. DOE & Statistical Modeling
ETAS Webinar - ASCMO Calibration. DOE & Statistical Modeling Injection Consumption Ignition Torque AFR HC EGR P-rail NOx Inlet-cam Outlet-cam 1 1 Soot T-exhaust Roughness What is Design of Experiments?
More informationModelling and Control of Ultracapacitor based Bidirectional DC-DC converter systems PhD Scholar : Saichand K
Modelling and Control of Ultracapacitor based Bidirectional DC-DC converter systems PhD Scholar : Saichand K Advisor: Prof. Vinod John Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science,
More informationHVTT15: Minimum swept path control for autonomous reversing of long combination vehicles
MINIMUM SWEPT PATH CONTROL FOR AUTONOMOUS REVERSING OF LONG COMBINATION VEHICLES Xuanzuo Liu is a Ph.D. student in the Transport Research Group of the Department of Engineering in Cambridge University,
More informationExtending Exhaust Gas Recirculation Limits in Diesel Engines
Extending Exhaust Gas Recirculation Limits in Diesel Engines Katey E. Lenox R. M. Wagner, J. B. Green Jr., J. M. Storey, and C. S. Daw Oak Ridge National Laboratory A&WMA 93rd Annual Conference and Exposition
More informationANNEX D APPENDIX A. M1083A1, Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV) KIT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. Revision Date Pages Description
ANNEX D APPENDIX A M1083A1, Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV) KIT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS Revision Date Pages Description Draft 1.0 9 April 2012 ALL Ron Swanson Formating, insert revision table and acronyms.
More informationEnergy-efficient multistable valve driven by magnetic shape memory alloys
Group 15 - Actuators and Sensors Paper 15-1 491 Energy-efficient multistable valve driven by magnetic shape memory alloys Thomas Schiepp, René Schnetzler, Leonardo Riccardi, Markus Laufenberg ETO MAGNETIC
More informationApplication of the SuperGen Electro-Mechanical Supercharger to Miller-Cycle Gasoline Turbocharged Engines
Application of the SuperGen Electro-Mechanical Supercharger to Miller-Cycle Gasoline Turbocharged Engines A. H. Guzel, J. Martin North American GT Conference 2017 11/14/2017 1 Overview Program Goal & Technology
More informationABS. Prof. R.G. Longoria Spring v. 1. ME 379M/397 Vehicle System Dynamics and Control
ABS Prof. R.G. Longoria Spring 2002 v. 1 Anti-lock Braking Systems These systems monitor operating conditions and modify the applied braking torque by modulating the brake pressure. The systems try to
More informationNEW DIESEL EMISSIONS CONTROL STRATEGY for US TIER 2
NEW DIESEL EMISSIONS CONTROL STRATEGY for US TIER 2 Jeffrey A. Leet Shizuo Sasaki, PhD. Yiqun Huang, PhD. Gary Neely Department of Engine and Emissions Research Southwest Research Institute 24 Diesel Engine
More informationASM Gasoline Engine Simulation Package. dspace Automotive Simulation Models ASM NEW: Gasoline Engine Model and ASMParameterization
ASM Gasoline Engine Simulation Package dspace Automotive Simulation Models ASM NEW: Gasoline Engine Model and ASMParameterization dspace Automotive Simulation Models Gasoline Engine Simulation Package
More informationFour Shaft Linear Thrusters
Four Shaft Linear Thrusters FOUR SHAFT THRUSTERS Three Models with bores from 2 to 4 Twice the load capacity of comparable two shaft units Reduced deflection and bearing play Compact, light weight robust
More informationGasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Future Technologies and Optimization
Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Future Technologies and Optimization Paul Whitaker - Technical Specialist - Ricardo 8 th June 2005 RD. 05/52402.1 Contents Fuel Economy Trends and Drivers USA
More informationGT-Suite European User Conference
GT-Suite European User Conference E-Charging on a High Performance Diesel engine D. Peci, C. Venezia EMEA Region - Powertrain Engineering Powertrain Research&Technology Frankfurt, Germany October 26th,
More informationMulti Rotor Solution for Large Scale Offshore Wind Power
Multi Rotor Solution for Large Scale Offshore Wind Power Peter Jamieson Deepwind, Trondheim 2017 History of Multi Rotor Systems Honnef 1926 Heronemus 1976 Vestas 2016 Lagerwey 1995 2 MRS today Vestas Wind
More informationRoll Diameter Requirements in Converting Processes
Roll Diameter Requirements in Converting Processes www.siemens.com/converting Siemens Industry, Inc. 2016 All rights reserved. Answers for industry. Roll Diameter in Converting Processes Roll diameter
More informationDesign Modeling and Simulation of Supervisor Control for Hybrid Power System
2013 First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling & Simulation Design Modeling and Simulation of Supervisor Control for Hybrid Power System Vivek Venkobarao Bangalore Karnataka
More informationThe MathWorks Crossover to Model-Based Design
The MathWorks Crossover to Model-Based Design The Ohio State University Kerem Koprubasi, Ph.D. Candidate Mechanical Engineering The 2008 Challenge X Competition Benefits of MathWorks Tools Model-based
More informationFLUID DYNAMICS TRANSIENT RESPONSE SIMULATION OF A VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINE USING GT-POWER
GT-SUITE USERS CONFERENCE FRANKFURT, OCTOBER 20 TH 2003 FLUID DYNAMICS TRANSIENT RESPONSE SIMULATION OF A VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINE USING GT-POWER TEAM OF WORK: A. GALLONE, C.
More informationTwo Shaft Linear Thrusters
Two Shaft Linear Thrusters TWO SHAFT THRUSTERS Seven Models with bores from 9/16 to 4 Compact, light weight robust design Smooth linear motion CYLINDER Several manufacturers to choose from Pneumatic or
More informationDesigning Drive Systems for Low Web Speeds
Designing Drive Systems for Low Web Speeds Web Tension Control at Low Speeds Very low web speeds can provide challenges to implementing drive systems with accurate tension control. UNWIND LOAD CELL COOLING
More informationTNV Series. 2TNV Output : 9.9 kw (13.3 hp) 3TNV Output : 15.5 kw (20.8 hp) kw (36.5 hp) 4TNV Output : 35.7 kw (47.9 hp) kw (83.
2TNV Output : 9.9 kw (13.3 hp) TNV Series WATER-COOLED DIESEL ENGINES 3TNV Output : 15.5 kw (20.8 hp) - 27.1 kw (36.5 hp) 4TNV Output : 35.7 kw (47.9 hp) - 62.5 kw (83.8 hp) THE TNV ADDS A WHOLE RANGE
More informationLoad Frequency Control of a Two Area Power System with Electric Vehicle and PI Controller
Load Frequency Control of a Two Area Power System with Electric Vehicle and PI Controller Vidya S 1, Dr. Vinod Pottakulath 2, Labeeb M 3 P.G. Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
More informationCooling Enhancement of Electric Motors
Cooling Enhancement of Electric Motors Authors : Yasser G. Dessouky* and Barry W. Williams** Dept. of Computing & Electrical Engineering Heriot-Watt University Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K. Fax :
More informationDevelopment of force feedback in systems for virtual driving simulator
Development of force feedback in systems for virtual driving simulator steering Joga Dharma Setiawan 1,*, Masri B. Baharom 2, and M. Ammar Bin Abdul Wali 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty
More informationTransmission Error in Screw Compressor Rotors
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2008 Transmission Error in Screw Compressor Rotors Jack Sauls Trane Follow this and additional
More informationElectromagnetic Induction, Faraday s Experiment
Electromagnetic Induction, Faraday s Experiment A current can be produced by a changing magnetic field. First shown in an experiment by Michael Faraday A primary coil is connected to a battery. A secondary
More informationVehicle simulation with cylinder deactivation
Vehicle simulation with cylinder deactivation Potential analysis of cylinder deactivation using a detailed Cyrille Frottier, Lars Böttcher, GT-SUITE Users Conference, October 2011 Vehicle simulation with
More informationTransient Control of Combustion Phasing and Lambda in a 6- Cylinder Port-Injected Natural-gas Engine
Proceedings of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 29 Spring Technical Conference ICES29 May 3-, 29, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA ICES29-7 Transient Control of Combustion Phasing and Lambda in a
More informationB.TECH III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations November 2012 DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY
1 B.TECH III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations November 2012 DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions
More informationVECTOR CONTROL OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUE
VOL. 4, NO. 4, JUNE 9 ISSN 89-668 69 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. VECTOR CONTROL OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUE Arunima Dey, Bhim
More informationPIEZO ELECTRIC CONTROL HYDRAULIC STACKS FOR THE CAMLESS ENGINE
PIEZO ELECTRIC CONTROL HYDRAULIC STACKS FOR THE CAMLESS ENGINE PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S0751 COLLEGE : BASAVAKALYAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BIDAR BRANCH : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GUIDE : SANTOSH PATIL STUDENTS
More informationUniversity Of California, Berkeley Department of Mechanical Engineering. ME 131 Vehicle Dynamics & Control (4 units)
CATALOG DESCRIPTION University Of California, Berkeley Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 131 Vehicle Dynamics & Control (4 units) Undergraduate Elective Syllabus Physical understanding of automotive
More informationActive Suspensions For Tracked Vehicles
Active Suspensions For Tracked Vehicles Y.G.Srinivasa, P. V. Manivannan 1, Rajesh K 2 and Sanjay goyal 2 Precision Engineering and Instrumentation Lab Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 1 PEIL
More informationInternal Combustion Engine Control Based on CFM Strategy
, pp.51-58 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijhit.2015.8.2.05 Internal Combustion Engine Control Based on CFM Strategy Ali Reza Zarei, Mohammad Sadegh Dahideh, Mohammad Najafi, Mehran Afshar and Yaser Barmayeh
More informationProject Summary Fuzzy Logic Control of Electric Motors and Motor Drives: Feasibility Study
EPA United States Air and Energy Engineering Environmental Protection Research Laboratory Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 277 Research and Development EPA/600/SR-95/75 April 996 Project Summary Fuzzy
More informationCrankcase scavenging.
Software for engine simulation and optimization www.diesel-rk.bmstu.ru The full cycle thermodynamic engine simulation software DIESEL-RK is designed for simulating and optimizing working processes of two-
More informationFUEL CONTROL OF GAS TURBINES BY PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 345 E. 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017 C Jf CThe Society shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in i, ^7 papers or discussion at meetings
More informationDemystifying the Use of Frameless Motors in Robotics
WHITEPAPER Demystifying the Use of Frameless Motors in Robotics TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: THE VALUE OF FRAMELESS MOTORS IN ROBOTICS ENGINEERS: WHY IS THIS ARTICLE FOR YOU? ADVANTAGES OF FRAMELESS
More informationFlywheel energy storage retrofit system
Flywheel energy storage retrofit system for hybrid and electric vehicles Jan Plomer, Jiří First Faculty of Transportation Sciences Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic 1 Content 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationSimulation and Analysis of Vehicle Suspension System for Different Road Profile
Simulation and Analysis of Vehicle Suspension System for Different Road Profile P.Senthil kumar 1 K.Sivakumar 2 R.Kalidas 3 1 Assistant professor, 2 Professor & Head, 3 Student Department of Mechanical
More informationANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF ENGINE AND VEHICLE HARDWARE EFFECTS ON VEHICLE RESPONSE. Drew Raftopoulos
ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF ENGINE AND VEHICLE HARDWARE EFFECTS ON VEHICLE RESPONSE Drew Raftopoulos WHY IS TRANSIENT RESPONSE IMPORTANT? The focus on vehicle transient response has become important with
More informationTuning the System. I. Introduction to Tuning II. Understanding System Response III. Control Scheme Theory IV. BCU Settings and Parameter Ranges
I. Introduction to Tuning II. Understanding System Response III. Control Scheme Theory IV. BCU Settings and Parameter Ranges a. Determining Initial Settings The Basics b. Determining Initial Settings -
More informationSeaGen-S 2MW. Proven and commercially viable tidal energy generation
SeaGen-S 2MW Proven and commercially viable tidal energy generation The SeaGen Advantage The generation of electricity from tidal flows requires robust, proven, available, and cost effective technology.
More informationOptical Techniques in Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Development
Optical Techniques in Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Development TC GDI engines: analysis and development techniques to solve pre-ignition and soot formation issues Ernst Winklhofer AVL List
More informationAEM 4321 / EE4231 Automatic Control Systems
AEM 4321 / EE4231 Automatic Control Systems Course Overview 1/31 Outline Course Objectives Applications of Control Examples: Cruise Control and Aircraft Autopilots Terminology Block Diagrams Summary 2/31
More informationVARIABLE VALVE TIMING INTELLIGENT SYSTEM. gmail.com
VARIABLE VALVE TIMING INTELLIGENT SYSTEM deepaksubudhi456@ gmail.com WHAT IS VVT? Variable Valve Timing (VVT),is a generic term for an automobile piston engine technology VVT allows the lift or duration
More informationManaging Projects Teaching materials to accompany:
Managing Projects Teaching materials to accompany: Product Design and Development Chapter 14 Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger 2nd Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2000. Product Development Process Planning
More informationNew Method for Improving On-Line Loading Rates on Mechanical Governors By Gerald G. Runyan
New Method for Improving On-Line Loading Rates on Mechanical Governors By Gerald G. Runyan Abstract Properly tuned and calibrated, mechanical governors provide excellent frequency control, passing all
More informationArtificial-Intelligence-Based Electrical Machines and Drives
Artificial-Intelligence-Based Electrical Machines and Drives Application of Fuzzy, Neural, Fuzzy-Neural, and Genetic-Algorithm-Based Techniques Peter Vas Professor of Electrical Engineering University
More informationFreescale Cup Competition. Abdulahi Abu Amber Baruffa Mike Diep Xinya Zhao. Author: Amber Baruffa
Freescale Cup Competition The Freescale Cup is a global competition where student teams build, program, and race a model car around a track for speed. Abdulahi Abu Amber Baruffa Mike Diep Xinya Zhao The
More informationApplication Note Original Instructions Development of Gas Fuel Control Systems for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Aero-Derivative Gas Turbines
Application Note 83404 Original Instructions Development of Gas Fuel Control Systems for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Aero-Derivative Gas Turbines Woodward reserves the right to update any portion of this publication
More informationSimulation of dynamic torque ripple in an auxiliary power unit for a range extended electric vehicle
The Low Cost Auxiliary Power Unit Project (LowCAP) Simulation of dynamic torque ripple in an auxiliary power unit for a range extended electric vehicle Dian Liu, Sam Akehurst, Christian J Brace University
More informationExperience the Hybrid Drive
Experience the Hybrid Drive MAGNA STEYR equips SUV with hybrid drive Hybrid demo vehicle with dspace prototyping system To integrate components into a hybrid vehicle drivetrain, extensive modification
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BLDC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING PI CONTROLLER
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BLDC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING PI CONTROLLER Karishma P.Wankhede 1, K. Vadirajacharya 2 1 M.Tech.II Yr, 2 Associate Professor,Electrical Engineering Department Dr. BabasahebAmbedkar
More informationFEASIBILITY STYDY OF CHAIN DRIVE IN WATER HYDRAULIC ROTARY JOINT
FEASIBILITY STYDY OF CHAIN DRIVE IN WATER HYDRAULIC ROTARY JOINT Antti MAKELA, Jouni MATTILA, Mikko SIUKO, Matti VILENIUS Institute of Hydraulics and Automation, Tampere University of Technology P.O.Box
More informationLinear Shaft Motors in Parallel Applications
Linear Shaft Motors in Parallel Applications Nippon Pulse s Linear Shaft Motor (LSM) has been successfully used in parallel motor applications. Parallel applications are ones in which there are two or
More informationthree different ways, so it is important to be aware of how flow is to be specified
Flow-control valves Flow-control valves include simple s to sophisticated closed-loop electrohydraulic valves that automatically adjust to variations in pressure and temperature. The purpose of flow control
More information9 th Diesel Engine Emission Reduction Conference Newport, Rhode Island, August 2003
9 th Diesel Engine Emission Reduction Conference Newport, Rhode Island, 24. 28. August 2003 Recent Developments in BMW s Diesel Technology Fritz Steinparzer, BMW Motoren, Austria 1. Introduction The image
More informationUnderstanding the benefits of using a digital valve controller. Mark Buzzell Business Manager, Metso Flow Control
Understanding the benefits of using a digital valve controller Mark Buzzell Business Manager, Metso Flow Control Evolution of Valve Positioners Digital (Next Generation) Digital (First Generation) Analog
More informationSegway with Human Control and Wireless Control
Review Paper Abstract Research Journal of Engineering Sciences E- ISSN 2278 9472 Segway with Human Control and Wireless Control Sanjay Kumar* and Manisha Sharma and Sourabh Yadav Dept. of Electronics &
More informationTurbo boost. ACTUS is ABB s new simulation software for large turbocharged combustion engines
Turbo boost ACTUS is ABB s new simulation software for large turbocharged combustion engines THOMAS BÖHME, ROMAN MÖLLER, HERVÉ MARTIN The performance of turbocharged combustion engines depends heavily
More informationIntegrating RTN scheduling models with ISA-95 standard. Pedro M. Castro Ignacio E. Grossmann Iiro Harjunkoski
Integrating RTN scheduling models with ISA-95 standard Pedro M. Castro Ignacio E. Grossmann Iiro Harjunkoski Motivation EWO aims to simultaneously account for KPI across multiple business units Integration
More informationTURBINE CONTROLS BASICS
Turbine Controls Seminar TURBINE CONTROLS BASICS Pero Skoric 2018 BASIC DEFINITIONS (1) TURBINE Any of various types of machine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical
More informationModeling, Identification and State estimation of Diesel Engine Torque and NOx Dynamics in response to fuel quantity and timing excitations
Modeling, Identification and State estimation of Diesel Engine Torque and NOx Dynamics in response to fuel quantity and timing excitations A. Brahma, D. Upadhyay, A. Serrani and G. Rizzoni The Ohio State
More information