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1 CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE ARA Conference Marrakech March th Date & time, Copyright.

2 Agenda Introduction to Nalco Champion & Product Portfolio Market Drivers Fuel Oil ISO 8217 Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) Catalyst Fines Settling Pour Point Depressants (PPDs) Optimising Additive use Through Smart Management

3 Introduction to Nalco Champion

4 OUR RESOURCES 160+ countries 4,000+ field sales and service associates 49 manufacturing facilities Nalco Energy Services Manufacturing Champion Technologies Manufacturing

5 OUR RESOURCES Focused on energy services 450+ global RD&E associates 12 technology centers

6 Fuel Additives

7 Fuel Additive offering Provide technical support to representatives in the field Guidance on product selection, application and performance monitoring Best Practice audits Troubleshooting Global interface Product and Project Development Close relationship with refinery research centres Product approvals HARM testing Performance evaluations Traders Cargo assurance Product quality Operations Cargo Inspection Companies Product evaluation Guidance

8 Additive Use Allows more flexibility in crude selection. Allows refiner to meet a general or country specific specification. Can bring an off-grade fuel back into specification. (Not just fuel produced at the refinery, but material purchased as a blend component or bought in to satisfy local supply contracts). Can increase the value of the fuel (for example improving the pour point of a fuel oil). Can provide a marketing advantage in some cases.

9 Additive Use Properly selected, applied and controlled the use of additives can significantly improve profitability. Conversely, poor selection, application and control can damage it. e.g. Use of certain chemistry types of H 2 S scavenger in crude oil. Over dosing of additives used to treat LPG. The purpose of this presentation is to focus on programs we believe can improve refinery/terminal profitability: minimising reprocessing and blending costs, increasing flexibility with respect to the types of crude and blend components plants can handle.

10 Costs of non-compliance Safety Issues for example H 2 S crudeoil, gas oil, fuel oil, bitumen. Restricts the type of crude oil that can be purchased i.e. Refiner/Terminal cannot take advantage of opportunity crudes that may appear on the market. Re-blending and reprocessing costs. Downgrade costs. Restricts the markets you can sell into and the price you can attract for a given fuel. i.e. reducing flexibility. Demurrage charges. Potential damage to reputation unintentionally selling an off grade product into the market can have severe repercussions.

11 Application Summary Specification Problem Crude LPG Naphtha Fuel Ethanol Gasoline Diesel/ Gasoil Heating Oil Jet Fuel Oil/ Bunker Fuel Lube Oil Carbon Black Oil Bitumen High Pour point High H 2 S High Corrosion Rate Failing Copper Strip Failing Silver Strip Poor Stability (oxidation/storage) High Ash and or Sediment Content JFTOT High Water Content Microbiological Contamination Wax Formation Lubricity Additives

12 Market Drivers

13 Market drivers Worldwide degradation of crude quality leading to transportation and refining issues: Exploration is more difficult higher costs Heavier crudes lead to flow problems Acidic crudes can cause corrosion issues Impurities can settle in transportation systems More and more dangerous components like H 2 S impacting safety

14 Regulations & Specifications More stringent environmental pressures: Emissions industry and transport sector are becoming tighter, for example: Sulfur spec / ULSD Euro 5 & 6 ISO 8217:2012 marine fuel specification requires <2 mg/kg H 2 S spec and <60 mg/kg Al & Si Fuel quality is becoming more and more important because of engine developments Use of biofuels (next generation, non-food competing)

15 What are the Solutions? Due to time available we ll review a few cases related to this conference s topics (finished product additives) Upgrading of FCCU MCB (Main Column Bottom) or HCO (Heavy Cyclic Oil) H 2 S scavengers application to ensure safety and compliance with the ISO 8217 specification (marine fuel specification) Smart additive management of commodity-type chemicals for diesel such as lubricity aids

16 Catalyst Fines Settling Aids

17 Drivers for the use of Settling Aids Maximizing the amount of slurry oil that can be blended into fuel oil without hitting a viscosity limitation. Increasing the value of slurry oil sold on the open market. Reducing customer complaints engine damage claims. Minimizing particulate emission issues when fuel oil containing slurry oil is burnt in power stations. Minimizing furnace fouling and burner tip erosion issues.

18 Typical result of cat fines settling

19 H 2 S in Fuel Oil

20 ISO 8217:2012 Marine Fuel H 2 S Specifications From 1 st July 2012, the 5 th edition of the ISO 8217 standard state a maximum permitted H 2 S concentration of 2 mg/kg in the liquid phase. ISO 8217:2012 requires the H 2 S concentration in marine residual and marine distillate fuel oils to be measured by test method IP 570. Approx 20 % uptake on 4 th /5 th Edition of ISO 8217 in ISO 8217:2010 ISO 8217:2005 Other

21 Methods of Control - Chemicals Caustic potential fouling and corrosion issues. Use will also add sodium to the fuel oil. Formaldehyde extremely hazardous. Class 3 carcinogen and corrosive. Use banned by virtually all Western European refiners, but still sold in some areas. Simple organic amines (MEA/DEA) unstable bonds formed leading to reversion. Nalco Programs: EC9085A (MMA triazine) used worldwide to treat both crude and fuel oil. EC5495A /EC5012A (MEA triazine) used in bunker fuel were reaction product odour at very high dosage rates of EC9085A can be an issue. EC5495A is not recommended to treat crude oil. Products can contain an promotor to improve mixing efficiency

22 Case History

23 Pour Point Depressants

24 Crude Oil - Pour Point Depression Allows refiners/terminals to store, move and process low cost opportunity crudes. e.g. overcome pipeline and tankage restrictions. Minimises the need to blend high and low pour components. Allows greater flexibility in the management of crude stocks. Gives the traders a greater deal of flexibility when both sourcing crude and negotiating prices.

25 Thank You for your attention