Federal Aviation Administration Emerging Technology Initiatives

Transcription

1 Emerging Technology Initiatives Presented to: AEA Technology Incubator By: John Strasburger Emerging Technology Program Manager Rotorcraft Standards Branch August 16, 2018

2 Agenda Rotorcraft Standards Branch Rotorcraft Safety Challenge Rotorcraft NORSEE Policy Rotorcraft Safety Continuum Policy Rotorcraft Mega Advisory Circulars (AC) Air Transformation 2

3 Rotorcraft Standards Branch Located in Fort Worth Texas Responsible for Part 27 and Part 29 Airworthiness Regulations Rotorcraft Advisory Circulars 27-1B and 29-2C Rotorcraft Policy 3

4 Rotorcraft Safety Challenge 4

5 The Rotorcraft Safety Challenge Recognize that rotorcraft are unique aircraft, with unique safety challenges. Determine how to use technology to improve rotorcraft safety, to address highest category operation accidents. Find means to encourage practical and economical installations of safety enhancing systems which may require that we broaden our concept of safety to include an evaluation of both risks and benefits. 5

6 Top 3 Accident Categories 1. Loss of Control while, or deviation from intended flightpath 2. Unintended Flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) 3. Low-Altitude Operations Collision or near collision with obstacles, objects or terrain while intentionally operating near the surface (excludes takeoff or landing phases). 6

7 NORSEE 7 7

8 NORSEE NOn-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment (NORSEE) What is NORSEE? Applies to equipment not required by airworthiness rules (parts 27/29) or operational rules (e.g. parts 91, 135) Subset of Non-Required Equipment that can be shown to improve overall safety in rotorcraft Considers the risk side of the safety equation (as with any system) Also considers the overall safety benefits of that system 8

9 Rotorcraft NORSEE Policy Issued May 29, 2013 Goal - encourage use of non-required, safety enhancing equipment in rotorcraft Provide guidance and criteria to allow a reduction in the DAL for systems that can be shown to improve rotorcraft overall safety Lower equipment cost Allow for more rotorcraft to be equipped with NORSEE 9

10 Rotorcraft NORSEE George Schwab c598c7741ce2fc286257b7b /$file/ps-asw-27,% pdf 10

11 Rotorcraft Safety Continuum 11

12 Rotorcraft Safety Continuum Policy PS-ASW Safety Continuum for Part 27 Normal Category Rotorcraft Systems and Equipment Purpose For required equipment Facilitate a more rapid incorporation of advances in technology for systems and equipment by recognizing a balanced approach between the risk and safety benefits for installing such technology 12

13 U.S. Basic Rotorcraft Regulatory Distinctions (not exhaustive) Transport Category Over 20,000 lbs. Transport Category 7,000-20,000 lbs. Normal Category up to 9 pass. & 7,000 lbs. Part 29 13

14 Table 1. Normal Category Rotorcraft Classes Class I II III IV Description Reciprocating Engine Occupants 5 or less including crew Single Turbine Engine Occupants 5 or less including crew Up to 4000lbs Max Gross Weight Single Turbine Engine Occupants 6 or more including crew lbs Max Gross Weight Twin Turbine 14

15 Rotorcraft Safety Continuum Policy Establishes how the tailored approach is applied when assigning the SAE ARP4754A Development Assurance Levels (DAL) DAL levels in Table 2 include both, the top level Functional Development Assurance Level (FDAL) and the lower level Item Development Assurance Level (IDAL) as described in ARP4754A. Use the standard Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) process as called out in ARP 4761 and assign the appropriate Hazard Classification Catastrophic, Hazardous, Major, Minor or No Effect. Then apply the systems and equipment DALs in Table 2 commensurate with the appropriate class of rotorcraft found in Table 1. 15

16 Relationship of Classes, Failure Conditions, Failure Rates and Development Assurance Levels 16

17 Rotorcraft Safety Continuum Policy Status Policy Statement PS-ASW released on June 30, 2017 Revision now underway. Changes to Class 1 and 2 DALs being considered Software 17

18 Rotorcraft Safety Continuum Policy Status Rotorcraft POC Andy Shaw ?OpenDocument 18

19 Rotorcraft Mega Advisory Circulars (AC) 19 19

20 Rotorcraft AC 27-1B This AC provides information on methods of compliance with 14 CFR Part 27, which contains the Airworthiness Standards for Normal Category Rotorcraft. It includes methods of compliance in the areas of basic design, ground tests, and flight tests. Normal Category Rotorcraft Max weight of 7000 lbs 9 or less passenger seats 20

21 Rotorcraft AC 29-2C This AC provides information on methods of compliance with 14 CFR Part 29, which contains the Airworthiness Standards for Transport Category Rotorcraft. It includes methods of compliance in the areas of basic design, ground tests, and flight tests. Transport Category Rotorcraft 10 or more passenger seats 21

22 Air Transformation 22 22

23 AIR Transformation 2015 Hearing on FAA Reauthorization: Reforming and Streamlining the FAA s Regulatory Certification Processes certification processes which have significant impacts on our nation s ability to innovate, manufacture and export the very safest products efficiently in an increasingly competitive global market Blueprint for AIR Transformation Foster Innovation Element Engage Industry early to understand new ideas and ensure viable paths to compliance in their design Where innovation pushes beyond the current means for achieving compliance, AIR will proactively engage in establishing standards in collaboration with industry organizations and international bodies Use of performance-based rules will promote innovative means of compliance not bound by unnecessary prescription For organizations that are new to aerospace, AIR will help them navigate effectively by introducing them to the regulations and policies surrounding product design and manufacturing. nt/ 23

24 Eight Vision Elements 24

25 AIR Initiatives AIR Realignment created Policy and Innovation Division Rotorcraft, Small Airplane, Transport, Engine & Propeller, AIR Systems and Equipment Standards Branches Chief Scientific Technical Advisors Improves the Service s standards and policy with a particular focus on enabling new technology and innovative business models 25

26 AIR Initiatives - Innovation Center for Emerging Technology Team Proactive engagement prior to project application to identify when technology or proposed compliance methods may be beyond scope of existing regulations and policy Representatives from Rotorcraft, Small Aircraft, Transport, and Engine and Propeller, AIR Systems and Equipment Standards Branches Piloting processes and a five phase approach Identify technologies with regulatory and guidance gaps Risk assessment/technology readiness, prioritization, and technology list processes, 26

27 Emerging Technologies Electric Propulsion Powered Lift Aircraft Increased AutomationAutomation Machine learning Advanced Sensors POC LIDAR RADAR Camera John Strasburger, , 27

28 Other Topics AC A and AC 00-AEH will be out for public comment soon Recognizes DO-254 Harmonized with EASA Has guidance on Complex COTS, COTS Intellectual proprieties, clarifications on custom logic devices AC 00-AEH companion best practices not guidance/not mandatory 28

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30 U.S. Rotorcraft Accidents, NTSB Classification 1,396 accidents, 10 Years (CYs ) 53% of U.S. Rotorcraft Accidents accounted for by Top 3 Industries

31 Summary of Accident Contributing Categories, Personal/Private: Account for approximately 21% of helicopter accidents. Based on estimated operating hours, contribute roughly 5 times their fair share. Instruction/Training: Account for approximately 20% of helicopter accidents. Contribute roughly 1.5 times their fair share. Aerial Application: Account for approximately 12% of helicopter accidents. Contribute approximately 2 times their fair share.

32 Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) Primer A systematic comprehensive examination of functions to identify and classify failure conditions of those functions according to their severity Identify the related failure conditions and their effects Example: misleading attitude Classify the identified effects Catastrophic - Hazardous Major Minor No Effect

33 SAE ARP 4754A, DO-178B, and DO-254 Information Flow Summary Requirements Assurance Level System Verification Activity System Life Cycle Processes SAE ARP 4754A Derived Requirements Configuration Identification Requirements Assurance Level System Verification Activity Hardware Life Cycle Processes DO-254 Problem Reports Verification Results Software Life Cycle Processes DO-178B Hardware Software Integration Requirements 33

34 NORSEE PS-AIR Section 1 guidance and procedures for issuing a design, and production approval to a U.S. manufacturer pursuant to 21.8(d) for equipment designated as NORSEE that is determined to be a minor change to type design and whose failure condition is minor. Section 2 addresses NORSEE for systems with failure condition more severe than major

35 21.8 Approval of articles. [ If an article is required to be approved under this chapter, it may be approved-- (a) Under a PMA; (b) Under a TSO; (c) In conjunction with type certification procedures for a product; or (d) In any other manner approved by the FAA.]