Figure 3.1. Aircraft conceptual design

Transcription

1 Aircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach, M. Sadraey, Wiley, 2012 Chapter 3 Aircraft Conceptual Design Figures Aircraft Design Requirements (Mission, Performance, Stability, Control, Cost, Operational, Time, Manufacturing) Identify major components that the aircraft requires to satisfy the design requirements Wing configuration Tail configuration Engine configuration Landing gear configuration Structural configuration Mechanisms configuration Aircraft approximate 3-view (without dimensions) Configuration optimization Aircraft optimum configuration Figure 3.1. Aircraft conceptual design 1

2 1. high wing 2. mid-wing 3. low wing 1.Rectangular 2. Tapered 3. Swept back 4. Delta 1. Monoplane 2. Biplane 3. Tri-plane 1. Fixed wing 2. Variable sweep Figure 3.2. Wing configuration alternatives 2

3 1. Conventional 2. T-tail 3. V-tail 4. H-tail 1. Aft tail 2. Canard 3. Three surfaces Figure 3.3. Tail configuration alternatives 3

4 1. Tractor (single engine) 2. Pusher (twin engine) Prop-driven jet 1. Tri-engine 2. Four engine (under wing) Figure 3.4. Engine configuration alternatives 1. Tail gear 2. Tricycle 3. Multi-gear 4. Bicycle Figure 3.5. Landing gear configuration alternatives : 4

5 1. Cabin 2. Cockpit 1.Tandem 2. Side-by-side Figure 3.6. Fuselage configuration alternatives 5

6 Boeing 747 (Courtesy Anne Deus) Cessna 182 (Courtesy of Jenny Coffey) 1

7 Eurofighter Typhoon (Courtesy of Antony Osborne) Figure 3.7. General aviation, civil-transport, and military aircraft 2

8 1. Air ship Zeppelin NT (Lighter-than-air craft) 2. ATR-42 (Courtesy of Anne Deus) Figure 3.8. Lighter-than-air craft versus heavier-than-air craft 3

9 1. Beech 76 Duchess (Courtesy of Jenny Coffey) 4

10 2. Global Hawk 5

11 3. Radio controlled model aircraft Figure 3.9. Manned aircraft, unmanned aircraft, and remote controlled aircraft 6

12 Design requirements (criteria/constraints) Design alternative 1 Design alternative 2 Design alternative 3 Design alternative 4 Select a different approach Define analysis goal Select and weight evaluation parameters (Mission, Performance, Stability, Control, Cost, Operational, Time, Manufacturing) Identify data needs (existing data, new data, estimating relationships) Identify evaluation techniques (e.g. simulation) Select and/or develop a model Generate data and run model Evaluate design alternatives Accomplish a sensitivity analysis Identify areas of risk and uncertainty Recommend a preferred alternative Select approach No Is the approach feasible? Yes System definition Figure Trade-off analysis process 1

13 Design requirements Establish design weights Derive the optimization function Select a baseline configuration Apply constraints and design specs Determine configuration design index (DI) Final optimum configuration Figure The Phases in the configuration design optimization 2

14 1. Boeing 747 (Courtesy Anne Deus) 1

15 2. Stampe-Vertongen (Courtesy Jenny Coffey) 2

16 3. Rutan 33 VariEze (Courtesy Jenny Coffey) 3

17 4. F-15C Eagle (Courtesy Antony Osborne) Figure Four aircraft to be used in Example 3.2 4

18 Figure Canadian Vickers PBV-1A Canso A (Courtesy of Jenny Coffey) 5

19 Figure Commonwealth CA-18 Mustang (Courtesy of Jenny Coffey) 6

20 Figure Antonov An-140 (Courtesy of Antony Osborne) 7

21 1. MD-11 (Courtesy of Anne Deus) 8

22 2. De Havilland Vampire (Courtesy of Antony Osborne) Figure McDonnell Douglas MD-11 and De Havilland Vampire 9

23 Figure Saab MFI-17 Supporter (Courtesy of SAAB) 10

24 1. F/A Pilatus PC-7 3. Lockheed C-130 Hercules Figure F/A-18 Hornet, Pilatus PC-7, and Lockheed C-130 Hercules 11

25 Figure Solar Impulse (Courtesy of Vladimir Mykytarenko) 12