The Significance of Tests. Petroleum Products. A Report Prepared by A.S.T.M. COMMITTEE D-2. On Petroleum Products and Lubricants PUBLISHED BY
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2 The Significance of Tests of Petroleum Products A Report Prepared by A.S.T.M. COMMITTEE D-2 On Petroleum Products and Lubricants ASIZs PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS 260 S. Broad St. Philadelphia, Pa,
3 HpHE American Society for Testing Materials is a national tech- *- nical society of professional engineers, designers, testing experts, chemists, manufacturers, users and others interested in the properties of materials, organized for the purpose of "the promotion of knowledge of the materials of engineering, and the standardisation of specifications and the methods of testing" The work is done in two ways: first, through the presentation of scientific and technical data to the Society and its committees in the form of papers and discussions that are published in Proceedings; and, second, through the activities of its sixty standing and research committees appointed to study the properties of various materials of engineering. The committees are responsible for the development of standard specifications, methods of testing, and definitions of terms. In the development of these standards the committees function under definite regulations, governing their organization and procedure to insure adequate representation of producers, consumers and general interests, with the provision that producers may not predominate. THe regulations further provide for the procedure for acceptance and formal adoption of the standards by the Society. The several classes of Society membership are: Honorary, Sustaining, Company and Individual, Junior, and Student. Membership may be held by persons, corporations, firms, technical or scientific societies, teaching faculties, libraries, etc. All members, with the exception of student members, receive the regular publications of the Society which include: Proceedings, containing committee reports, new tentative standards and technical papers; Book of A.S.T.M. Standards, Part I on Metals or Part II on Non-Metallic Materials; Year Book; and A.S.T.M. Bulletin. The Society encourages, in every way possible, research that will contribute toward the general knowledge of materials, and carries on considerable research in the metals and non-metals fields through the activities of its sixty standing and research committees, which have a total membership of about The Society has also joined with other national bodies in a number of cooperative movements. Information regarding the activities of the American Society for Testing Materials may be obtained by addressing the Society at the Headquarters, 260 S. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa.
4 The Significance of Tests of Petroleum Products A Report Prepared by A.S.T.M. COMMITTEE D-2 On Petroleum Products and Lubricants Second Printing, October, 1937 Price: One dollar COPYRIGHT, 1934, BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS 260 S. Broad St. Philadelphia, Pa.
5 FOREWORD c OMMITTEE D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants has undertaken in this report to meet the growing demand on the part of the general public for information regarding the significance of the tests used in evaluating petroleum products. The first edition of this pamphlet was largely the work of Subcommittee XXVII on Application of Tests, a subcommittee composed of the chairmen of all other D-2 subcommittees and appointed specifically for this work. This revision was made by a special subcommittee with the cooperation of the chairmen of other subcommittees and of Committee D-4 on Road and Paving Materials under whose jurisdiction certain of the tests were developed. The character of the membership of Committee D-2 ensures that all points of view on tests for petroleum products are given proper consideration. < In common with other standing committees of the American Society for Testing Materials, the members are classified into "Consumers," "Producers" and "General Interests," depending upon whether they represent the buyer of oil, the seller, or the man interested in petroleum testing who does not belong to the preceding classes. The rules of the Society provide that the number of "Consumers" and "General Interests" combined may not be less than the number of "Producers" on the committee. The volume references for standards and tentative standards throughout this report are to the permanent publications of the Society. All of the standards and tentative standards referred to, however, appear in the special reprint pamphlet comprising the current Report of Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and all of the A.S.T.M. Methods of Test and Specifications Relating to Petroleum Products, 2 which pamphlet may be more readily accessible than the permanent publications and thus serve as a means of ready reference to the methods. September, T. A. BOYD, Chairman, Committee D-2. 1 In this second printing of the 1934 edition, the references to the Standard and Tentative Methods of Test have been brought up to date and a portion of the Section on Viscosity (pages 44 to 46) has been rewritten because of developments in this field. Also a few errors have been corrected. ED. 2 The volume of "A.S.T.M. Standards on Petroleum Products and Lubricants" is issued annually in a special reprint pamphlet. ED.
6 CONTENTS Acidity (in Gasoline) Ash Autogenous Ignition Temperature Bituminous Materials, Tests fo Burning Quality (Illuminating Oils) Carbon Residue Cloud and Pour Points Coefficient of Friction. Color Consistency Corrosion Tests. Dielectric Strength Dilution of Crankcase Oils Distillation Tests Doctor Test. Ductility (Bituminous Materials) Emulsification. Emulsified Asphalts. Evaporation Tes Extreme-Pressure Lubricants. Flash and Fire Tests Float Test (Bituminous Materials) Flock Test Friction, Coemcient 01. Gravity Grease Analysis Gum (in Gasoline) Knock Characteristics (of Motor Fuels) Loss on Heating (Bituminous Materials) Melting Point Neutralization Number Oil and Moisture (in Paraffin Waxes). Oxidation at High Temperatures Penetration Test Pour Point Test Precipitation Tests Protection Tes Residue of Specified Penetration (Bituminous Materials) Saponification Number Sediment and Wate Softening Point (Bituminous Materials) Solubility Tests (Bituminous Materials) Specific Gravity PAGE , , 7, 54, , , i , , , 71, , 74.23,71, 74
7 CONTENTS Spot Test Sulfur Thermal Value Vapor Pressure Viscosity Volatility: Flash and Fire Tests Distillation Tests Vapor-Pressure and Evaporation Tests. Water and Sediment Wick-Feed Test PAGE 62 5, 7, , 7, 44, , 73,
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