Side impact protection in non-integral CRS First feedback on 440 mm. 52 nd Meeting of the UN Informal Group on Child Restraint Systems
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1 Side impact protection in non-integral CRS First feedback on 440 mm 52 nd Meeting of the UN Informal Group on Child Restraint Systems
2 CONTENTS Background and context Overview of CLEPA investigation Implications of 440 mm and effect of CRS width in R129 test environment Simulation Testing Implications of 440 mm and effect of CRS width in consumer test environment Simulation Testing Summary and next steps Avenues for further investigation Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
3 ISO BOOSTER VOLUME DEVELOPED IN CLOSE COLLABORATION BETWEEN OICA AND CLEPA Source: CRS-47-03e, Britax Assessment volume adapted following two joint CLEPA- OICA workshops and further assessment by Britax Volume fits outboard seating position of cars Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
4 CRS MANUFACTURERS ARE BEING ASKED TO REDUCE WIDTH OF BOOSTER ASSESSMENT VOLUME Source: CRS-50-04e, European Commission Extend i-size seating position to 135 cm Justification is to ensure three (max. size) CRS will fit in larger family cars Euro NCAP incentive to include three i-size positions Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
5 CAR MANUFACTURERS ARE BEING ASKED TO ALIGN SEAT BELT AND ISOFIX ANCHORAGES Requires significant change to current vehicles Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
6 WE WELCOME 135 CM LIMIT IN R129, BUT BOOSTER SEATS ACCOMMODATE LARGER CHILDREN THAN INTEGRAL CRS AND SOME STATES ADOPT 150 CM EU seat belt wearing legislation specifies CRS use to 150 cm Many member states choose not to take the 135 cm exemption Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
7 HEAD IS THE PRIORITY BUT BOOSTER SEATS MUST PROVIDE PROTECTION TO OTHER BODY REGIONS Source: Kirk 2012, COVER CASPER & EPOCH Final Workshop Regulatory thresholds are applied to the head only, but CRS manufacturers aim to protect all body regions Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
8 Consumer Test R129 OVERVIEW OF CLEPA INVESTIGATION Q3 Q6 Q mm 520 mm 440 mm 520 mm 440 mm 520 mm Dynamic Simulations Dynamic Simulations Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
9 Implications of 440 mm and effect of CRS width in R129 test environment - Simulation and testing
10 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results R129 side impact Q3 HIC Head Acceleration (g) Chest Acceleration (g) Upper Neck force (N) Upper Neck Moment (Nm) R129 threshold 174% 129% Q3 Standard seat 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Q3 Adapted seat 88% 124% 179% 100% 106% Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
11 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results R129 side impact Q3 Standard seat Adapted seat Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
12 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results R129 side impact Q6 HIC Head Acceleration (g) Chest Acceleration (g) Upper Neck force (N) Upper Neck Moment (Nm) R129 threshold 254% 133% Q6 Standard seat 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Q6 Adapted seat 107% 107% 144% 115% 132% Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
13 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results R129 side impact Q6 Standard seat Adapted seat Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
14 OVERVIEW OF CYBEX PROTOTYPES 520 mm 473 mm 460 mm 440 mm Internal dimensions 95 th percentile 135 cm Prototypes differ in shoulder / chest side wings only Head wings / padding consistent across prototypes R129 side impact tests with Q3 and Q6 Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
15 R129 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ACHIEVED WITH 440 MM HEAD SPECIFIED ONLY Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
16 Q3 HEAD CONTAINMENT ACHIEVED WITH 400 MM, BUT HEAD IS CLOSER TO PANEL Q6 440 mm 460 mm 473 mm 520 mm Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
17 R129 HEAD REQUIREMENTS CAN BE MET BUT ENHANCED PROTECTION OFFERED BY LARGER BOOSTER HPC(15) Resultant Accel. (3ms) Shoulder / chest wing width influences head protection Step improvement in performance offered by 520 mm Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
18 CHEST PROTECTION IS SEVERELY COMPROMISED WHEN BOOSTER WIDTH IS REDUCED Resultant Accel. (3ms) Step improvement in performance offered by 520 mm Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
19 NECK PROTECTION IS ALSO COMPROMISED WHEN BOOSTER WIDTH IS REDUCED Tensile Force (Fz) Step improvement in performance offered by 520 mm Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
20 Test Matrix - Britax R129 side impact test method CRS Version Q3 Q6 Q10 500mm wide Booster Lab 1 & Lab 2 Lab 2 Lab 1 460mm wide Booster Lab 1 & Lab 2 Lab 2 Lab 1 440mm wide Booster Lab 1 & Lab 2 Lab 2 Lab 1 Modified Kidfix XP - Width of backrest varied Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 20
21 Testing Results Summary General Trends seen from reducing the width of the booster seat: Body Region Q3 Q6 Q10 Head Movement Head Resultant (3ms) HPC15 Neck Fz Neck Mx = Similar = Reduction = Increase Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 21
22 Q3 Kinematics Excursion increases as booster width decreases Standard 460mm 440mm Distance to containment plane: 45 ms 46 ms 49 ms Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 22
23 Q6 Kinematics Excursion and head roll increases as booster width decreases Standard 460mm 440mm Head movement forward increases Distance to containment plane: 45 ms 48 ms 51 ms Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 23
24 Q10 Kinematics Excursion increases as booster width decreases Standard 460mm 440mm Distance to containment plane: 65 ms 68 ms (Containment plane crossed) 70 ms (Containment plane crossed) Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 24
25 Summary Implications of 440 mm and effect of booster width in R129 environment mm Booster: a. Q3 Passed R129 side impact requirements b. Q6 Passed R129 side impact requirements c. Q10 Failed R129 side impact requirements (Head not contained) 2. Q10 head not contained by any narrower booster seats 3. CRS performance degradation observed in other body regions a. Neck and chest loadings increased for Q3, Q6 4. Dummy kinematic affected differently by backrest width reduction: a. Q3 Consistent kinematics, slight increase in neck bending b. Q6 Head movement around the head pad and towards the door increases c. Q10 Containment problems Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 25
26 Implications of 440 mm and effect of CRS width in consumer test environment - Simulation and testing
27 INTRODUCTION Child Restraint System offers protection for children in cars fulfilling : Performance criteria in selected configurations representing car accidents Compatibility rules to be sure that the CRS fits properly in cars (universality) CRS must be homologate according R44 or R129 to be sold in the Market. Consumer Ratings distinguish products on the markets. CRS must reach a good or a very good rating to be a commercial success. Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
28 CONSUMER TESTS ARE AN IMPORTANT DESIGN CONSTRAINT POOR PERFORMANCE CAN LEAD TO NEGATIVE PUBLICITY AND PRODUCT WITHDRAWALS Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
29 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT Overall Setup ETC 2015 R Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
30 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT Less padding in intruding door to represent door panel ETC 2015 R129 Styrodur panel (20 mm) Styrodur panel (20 mm) Polychloroprene panel (35 mm) Rigid Structure Rigid Stucture Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
31 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT Higher Door ETC 2015 R129 Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
32 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT Higher Intrusion speed Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
33 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results ETC-2015 side impact Q3 HIC Head Acceleration (g) Chest Acceleration (g) Upper Neck force (N) Upper Neck Moment (Nm) Q3 Standard seat 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Q3 Adapted seat 111% 168% 196% 84% 118% Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
34 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results ETC-2015 side impact Q3 Standard seat Adapted seat Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
35 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results R129 side impact Q6 HIC Head Acceleration (g) Chest Acceleration (g) Upper Neck force (N) Upper Neck Moment (Nm) Q6 Standard seat 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Q6 Adapted seat 153% 158% 225% 157% 120% Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
36 KIDDY NUMERICAL SIMULATION Results R129 side impact Q6 Standard seat Adapted seat Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
37 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT DOREL TESTING Tests with 440 mm wide prototype Q3 Q6 Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 37
38 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT DOREL TESTING Tests with 440 mm wide prototype Comparison with ETC side impact criteria Severity Increase 59 % for Q3 69 % for Q6 Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
39 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT DOREL TESTING ETC Side impact Influence of product width with Q3 440 mm 500 mm Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 39
40 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT DOREL TESTING Improvement 17 % with 500 mm Important improvement for chest and neck Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
41 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT DOREL TESTING ETC Side impact Influence of product width with Q6 440 mm 500 mm Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 41
42 COMPARISON ETC/R129 SIDE IMPACT DOREL TESTING Improvement 16 % with 500 mm Important improvement for head and chest Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
43 SUMMARY - IMPLICATIONS OF 440 MM AND EFFECT OF BOOSTER WIDTH IN CONSUMER TEST ENVIRONMENT ETC and Regulation side impact differ substantially : Less door padding More important intrusion speed ETC is much more severe compared to Reg 129. Increased product width offers possibility to reach better results. ETC seems to favor performance results in side impact when GRSP would like to favor car compatibility. These 2 requirements may be contradictory. Unintended consequences: CRS manufacturers may be unable to produce i-size boosters that achieve reasonable performance in consumer tests CRS manufacturers may produce specific to vehicle boosters only, with potentially better ratings compared to i-size universal products Few i-size boosters may come to the market Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 43
44 OVERALL SUMMARY R129 performance thresholds can be met with 440 mm with Q3 and Q6 R129 performance thresholds cannot be met with 440 mm with Q10 Reducing width of CRS leads to significant performance degradation in non-regulated body regions Acceptable consumer test performance cannot be achieved with 440 mm for all dummy sizes CRS manufacturers reluctant to bring products to the market with such a risk This may limit the penetration of i-size booster seats Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved.
45 AVENUES FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION - INTERNAL DIMENSIONS Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 45
46 INTRODUCTION In order to be sure that ECRS accept children of a certain stature, 95 th centile dimensions are checked in the ECRS. This requirement is very demanding for the higher stature : HIII 5th Q6 Q cm 95th th Hip Breadth (mm) Shoulder Breadth (mm) HIII 5th 135 cm 95th th 0 Hip Breadth (mm) Shoulder Breadth (mm) Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
47 INTRODUCTION Since design space is also limited by ISO envelope, available lateral space to offer side protection is very limited. 35 mm 440 mm booster envelope Available volume for 135 cm size in 440 mm envelope Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
48 POSSIBLE CONCEPT 45,00 40,00 Shoulder Breadth (cm) 35,00 30,00 25,00 50%ile 95%ile Proposal 20,00 15,00 10, Stature (cm) Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
49 AVENUES FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION F4 DEPTH Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 49
50 F4 DEPTH MODIFICATION REQUEST Why? More cushion depth needed for the comfort of older children : More lateral protection needed with side wing Concept Align F4 fixture depth with F2X Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 2
51 F4 DEPTH MODIFICATION REQUEST Copyright 2015 CLEPA. All rights reserved. 51
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