Investigation of the seismic soil-structure interaction on a concrete instrumented building

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1 Investigatin f the seismic sil-structure interactin n a cncrete instrumented building First Eurpean Cnference n Earthquake Engineering and Seismlgy Geneve, 7 sep 26 Teresa Crespellani, Jhann Facciruss, Claudia Madiai jhannf@dicea.unifi.it

2 Intrductin Sil-Structure Interactin (SSI) effects can lead either t seismic actins lwer than the free field nes, r t mre cnservative nes Cnsidering SSI may be essential fr: assuring safety and reliability r reducing repair csts mainly fr histrical mnuments, public buildings and critical facilities perfrming a safe design A precise predictin f SSI during earthquakes is generally difficult due t several uncertainties affecting: free-field mtin (btained by a site respnse analysis as input t SSI) sil behaviur (f the depsit underlying the structure) numerical cde (adpted t perfrm SSI analysis) 2/

3 Intrductin A true validatin f a cmputer prgram must be aimed t test the reliability f the numerical results (by cmparing them t real recrded mtins during earthquakes) and the capability f the adpted cde t mdel the mst imprtant aspects f the SSI at the site. The first and crucial step cnsists f chsing the test sites, which must be characterised by: buildings equipped with several seismic recrding instruments a gd knwledge f the prperties f sil underlying the structure (behaviur in static and dynamic cnditins, depth and thickness f layers, bedrck lcatin, etc.) a gd knwledge f the structure and its dynamical behaviur (mdal analysis) a site seismicity cngruent with prgram capability (i.e. linear r linear equivalent mdel lw-t-medium seismicity) Mrever the test site must be representative f many ther sites in the regin 3/

4 SASSI 2 SASSI 2 is a System which perfrms the Analysis f Sil-Structure Interactin by applying a FINITE ELEMENT METHOD based n SUBSTRUCTURE METHODS The substructure methds divide the sil-structure system int substructures discretised by finite elements, each f them is slved separately and cmbined t btain the cmplete slutin by emplying the principle f superpsitin (hence these methds can handle nly linear r equivalent linear prperties). The slutins are btained in the frequency dmain fr a certain number f frequencies (5-2) frm which the intermediate slutins can be btained by interplatin The basic substructure methds adpted by SASSI 2 are: the Flexible Vlume Methd the Subtractin Methd 4/

5 Bundary ndes Flexible Vlume Methd SASSI 2 Ndes at the bundary f the near field zne Ndes at the interface between the structure and the grund Ndes within the excavated sil External frces Q b Near field zne Interactin ndes ( structure+fundatin+sil) = - + Q b Free field site Excavated sil (replaced with embedded fundatin) Structure (superstructure+fundatin) 5/

6 Bundary ndes Subtractin Methd SASSI 2 Ndes at the bundary f the near field zne Ndes at the interface between the structure and the grund External frces Q b Near field zne Interactin ndes ( structure+fundatin+sil) = - + Q b Free field site Excavated sil (replaced with embedded fundatin) Structure (superstructure+fundatin) 6/

7 SASSI 2 The remaining site (far field) cnsists f hrizntal sil layers verlying a unifrm halfspace simulated by the variable depth methd and viscus dashpts. The sil behaviur is assumed t be elastic r viscelastic and a linear equivalent mdel is adpted t slve the site respnse analysis (cupling SASSI 2 t Prshake). The input mtin (r cntrl mtin) cnsists f an arbitrary 3-D superpsitin f inclined bdy waves and surface waves and is expressed by a time histry acceleratin assigned t ne f the three directins at a cntrl pint Near field zne bundary H i, γ i, V Si, V Pi, D Si, D Pi Cntrl pint HALFSPACE 7/

8 Site selectin TEST SITE test site quite representative f many ther sites in the regin gd knwledge f the sil prperties and f the dynamical behaviur f the structure lw t medium seismicity cngruent with prgram capability (limited t linear dmain) SEISMIC OBSERVATORY OF STRUCTURES O wrking systems ( st tranche) O wrking systems (2 nd tranche) O systems under realisatin (3 rd t.) 8 N f systems in a Regin 2 Italy: 5 build.s bridges in ttal 8/

9 Sil characterisatin Selected building wells brehles 9/

10 Sil characterisatin and mdelling V S (m/s) Debris sil UNIT A Alluvial depsit UNIT B UNIT C UNIT A and B : clay and silt with fine sand UNIT C : gravel and gravel with sand and silt Marine clays Halfspace Viscus dampers /

11 Sil characterisatin and mdelling G/G Unit A and B (experimental data) UNIT A and B (regressin data) UNIT C (Rllins et al., 998)... γ (%) D (%) Unit A and B (experimental data) UNIT A and B (regressin data) UNIT C (Rllins et al., 998)... γ (%) /

12 Structure characterisatin and mdelling The building examined has a regular cmpact shape with a rectangular hrizntal sectin. The structure is cmpsed f a cncrete frame with tw masnry cement flrs respectively at 4.25 m and 8.35 m frm grund level with a ttal thickness f 55 cm. 28 m m m The fundatin system, made up f a system f transversal and lngitudinal grund beams, is placed at a depth f 8 cm belw grund level and lies n sils belnging t Unit A. 2/

13 UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE Structure characterisatin and mdelling The fundatin system is mdelled with (3-D) 8 ndes prismatic elements (slid) y Unit = cm x m 2 m 423 elements 4 ndes 3/

14 Structure characterisatin and mdelling Type flr system The whle superstructure (beams, clumns, infill systems) was (beams, mdelled clumns by means and f 3-D infill beam elements systems) is mdelled by means f 3-D beam elements. Nde influence area t assign the flr system masses Type vertical frame Diagnal infinitely rigid weightless rds t riprduce a plane cnstraint Diagnal weightless rds simulating infill systems Beam influence area t assign infill system weight 4/

15 Mnitring system and seismic input The whle superstructure (beams, clumns, infill Channel systems) (X-axis) was.8 6 mdelled by means f 3-D beam elements Acceleratin (g) Time (s) y PGA (g) PGV (mm/s) PGD (mm) Arias Intensity (mm/s) Trifunac duratin (s) Predminant perid (s) Max spectral acceleratin (g) z x Channel Channel Acceleratin (g) Channel 2 (Y-axis) Time (s) 5/

16 Acceleratin (g) y UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE 8 z x Instrumental recrdings Numerical analyses Time (s) Arias intyensity (%) Acceleratin (g) Acceleratin (g) Experimental data and numerical results Time (s) Arias intyensity (%) Time (s) Time (s) 6/

17 7 9 y Spectral acceleratin (g) UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE z x Instrumental recrdings Numerical analyses Experimental data and numerical results Arias Furier intyensity amplitude (%) (g*s) Time (s) Perid (s) Frequency (Hz) Spectral acceleratin (g) Furier amplitude (g*s) Arias intyensity (%) Perid (s) Frequency (Hz) 7/

18 X (%) = 7 9 y UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE 8 [X(exp)-X(num)] z X(exp) x I A (%) PGA(%) Experimental data and numerical results CH 4 CH 4 CH 5 CH 5 CH 7 CH 7 CH 8 CH 8 CH CH CH CH CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 DS(%) CH 4 CH 5 CH 7 CH 8 CH CH CH 2 CH 3 S A (%) CH 4 CH 5 CH 7 CH 8 CH CH CH 2 CH 3 8/

19 UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE Sil-structure interactin effects Once validated the sftware, SSI effects at the fundatin basement are examined fr the selected seismic input...5 Nde n y..5 Nde n x m 2 m Instrumental recrding at the free field (X-directin) Numerical results at the selected ndes..5 Nde n Free field statin /

20 Sil-structure interactin effects Spectral acceleratin (g).3.2. Free-field nd 3 nd 92 nd K X = X(nde) X(free-field) Perid (s) PGA [g] I A [m/s] T d [s] K PGA K Ia K Td Nde 92-X Nde 78-X Nde 3-X Nde 92-Y Nde 78-Y Nde 3-Y /

21 The SSI analysis results shw that: CONCLUDING REMARKS there is a generally gd agreement between numerical results and recrded data bth in time and in frequency dmain SASSI 2 seems t be reliable t perfrm SSI analyses n the selected building when subjected t lw-t medium intensity seismic events the presence f the structure has a slightly damping effect SSI des nt seem t have a significant rle in the selected site The analysis results culd be reasnably extended t ther Italian sites with similar prperties (tw-strey cncrete buildings lying n sft sils with deep bedrck in lw-t-medium seismicity area) /

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