Plan B Supporting Data for Chapter 2

Transcription

1 Plan B Supporting Data for Chapter 2 World Grain Production and Consumption, GRAPH: World Grain Production and Consumption, World Grain Consumption and Stocks, GRAPH: World Grain Stocks, GRAPH: World Grain Stocks as Days of Consumption, Wheat-Oil Exchange Rate, Wheat Production in Saudi Arabia, , with Projection to 2016 GRAPH: Wheat Production in Saudi Arabia, , with Projection to 2016 Grain Harvested Area Per Person in Selected Countries and the World in 1950 and 2000, with Projection to 2050 U.S. Corn Production and Use for Fuel Ethanol, GRAPH: U.S. Corn Used for Fuel Ethanol, Countries Overpumping Aquifers in 2009 World Irrigated Area and Irrigated Area Per Thousand People, GRAPH: World Irrigated Area, GRAPH: World Irrigated Area Per Thousand People, World Population of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats, GRAPH: World Population of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats, GRAPH: World Livestock Population, Livestock and Human Populations in Africa, GRAPH: Livestock and Human Populations in Africa, Livestock and Human Populations in Nigeria, GRAPH: Livestock and Human Populations in Nigeria, Livestock and Human Populations in China, GRAPH: Livestock and Human Populations in China, World Total and Per Person Wild Fish Harvest, GRAPH: World Total Wild Fish Harvest, GRAPH: World Wild Fish Harvest Per Person, A full listing of data for the entire book is on-line at: This is part of a supporting dataset for Lester R. Brown, Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009). For more information and a free download of the book, see Earth Policy Institute on-line at

2 World Grain Production and Consumption, Year Production Consumption Million Tons , ,052 1, ,063 1, ,079 1, ,177 1, ,141 1, ,253 1, ,203 1, ,237 1, ,342 1, ,319 1, ,445 1, ,410 1, ,429 1, ,482 1, ,533 1, ,469 1, ,632 1, ,646 1, ,664 1, ,601 1, ,550 1, ,673 1, ,768 1, ,709 1, ,785 1, ,711 1, ,756 1, ,707 1, ,872 1, ,879 1, ,876 1, ,874 1, ,845 1, ,878 1, ,822 1, ,862 1, ,042 1, ,017 2, ,002 2, ,121 2, ,226 2, ,189 2,166 Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Production Supply and Distribution, electronic database at updated 10 July 2009.

3 World Grain Production and Consumption, ,500 2,000 Million Tons 1,500 1,000 Production Consumption Source: USDA

4 World Grain Consumption and Stocks, Year Consumption Stocks Million Metric Tons Million Metric Tons Days of Consumption , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution, electronic database, at updated 10 July 2009.

5 World Grain Stocks, Million Tons Source: USDA

6 World Grain Stocks as Days of Consumption Days Source: USDA

7 Wheat-Oil Exchange Rate, Year Bushel of Wheat Barrel of Oil Bushels Per Barrel U.S. Dollars Ratio Note: Prices in nominal dollars. Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, electronic database, at updated September 2007 and August 2009.

8 Wheat Production in Saudi Arabia, , with Projection to 2016 Year Production Thousand Tons , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Source: Earth Policy Institute with data for from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Production, Supply and Distribution, electronic database, at updated 10 July 2009; projection to 2016 by Earth Policy Institute based on 2008 Saudi announcement that it would phase out wheat production by one eighth each year until 2016, cited in Andrew England, Saudis to Phase Out Wheat Production, Financial Times, 10 April 2008.

9 Wheat Production in Saudi Arabia, , with Projection to ,500 4,000 3,500 Thousand Tons 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Source: USDA, EPI

10 Grain Harvested Area Per Person in Selected Countries and the World in 1950 and 2000, with Projection to 2050 Area Hectares Australia Canada United States Nigeria India China World Average Note: 2000 grain area used for 2050 projection. Source: Grain area for 1950 from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Production, Supply, and Distribution (PS&D), Country Reports, October 1990; 2000 data from USDA, PS&D, electronic database, updated 10 July 2009; population data and projections from U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, electronic database, at updated 11 March This is part of a supporting dataset for Lester R. Brown, Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009). For more information and a free download of the book, see Earth Policy Institute on-line at

11 U.S. Corn Production and Use for Fuel Ethanol, Share of U.S. Year U.S. Corn Production U.S. Grain Production U.S. Corn Used for Fuel Ethanol Grain Used for Fuel Ethanol * Million Tons Million Tons Million Tons Percent * Note: Nearly all of the grain used for fuel ethanol in the United States is corn; the small share of other grains used is not included in these figures. Also note that corn used for fuel ethanol in a given year comes from the previous year's crop; therefore, the 104 million tons of corn used for fuel ethanol in 2009 is reported as 26 percent of the 2008 crop of 401 million tons. Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute with corn used for fuel ethanol from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Feed Grains Database, electronic database, at updated 3 August 2009; U.S. corn and grain production from USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, electronic database, at updated 10 July 2009.

12 U.S. Corn Used for Ethanol, Million Tons Source: USDA

13 Countries Overpumping Aquifers in 2009 Country Population* Million China 1,346 India 1,198 Iran 74 Israel 7 Jordan 6 Mexico 110 Morocco 32 Pakistan 181 Saudi Arabia 26 South Korea 48 Spain 45 Syria 22 Tunisia 10 United States 315 Yemen 24 Total 3,443 * Note: Column does not add to total due to rounding. Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, electronic database, at esa.un.org/unpp, updated 11 March This is part of a supporting dataset for Lester R. Brown, Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009). For more information and a free download of the book, see Earth Policy Institute on-line at

14 World Irrigated Area and Irrigated Area Per Thousand People, Year Irrigated Area Million Hectares Irrigated Area Per Thousand People Hectares Source: data compiled by Lester R. Brown for "Eradicating Hunger: A Growing Challenge," in Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2001 (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2001), pp ; data from U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, ResourceSTAT, electronic database at updated April 2009; population from U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, at esa.un.org/unpp, updated 11 March 2009.

15 World Irrigated Area, Million Hectares Source: Worldwatch, FAO

16 World Irrigated Area Per Thousand People, Hectares Source: Worldwatch, FAO, UNPop

17 World Population of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats, Year Cattle Sheep Goats Total Million Individuals , , , , , , ,009 1, , ,028 1, , ,050 1, , ,065 1, , ,070 1, , ,082 1, , ,097 1, , ,119 1, , ,139 1, , ,167 1, , ,188 1, , ,200 1, , ,205 1, , ,206 1, , ,211 1, , ,217 1, , ,229 1, , ,242 1, , ,249 1, , ,255 1, , ,260 1, , ,267 1, , ,267 1, , ,273 1, , ,290 1, , ,299 1, , ,299 1, , ,305 1, , ,306 1, , ,317 1, , ,326 1, , ,321 1, , ,311 1, , ,311 1, , ,314 1, , ,316 1, , ,317 1, , ,326 1, , ,336 1, , ,344 1, , ,350 1, , ,362 1, , ,357 1, ,274 Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, ProdSTAT, electronic database, at updated June 2009.

18 World Population of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats, ,600 1,400 Cattle 1,200 Sheep 1,000 Millions Goats Source: FAO

19 World Livestock Population, ,400 3,200 3,000 Millions 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2, Source: FAO

20 Livestock and Human Populations in Africa, Year Livestock* Humans Million Individuals * Note: Livestock includes cattle, sheep, and goats. Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, ProdSTAT, electronic database, at updated June 2009; population from U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, electronic database, at updated 11 March 2009.

21 Livestock and Human Populations in Africa, , Humans Millions Livestock Source: FAO, UNPop

22 Livestock and Human Populations in Nigeria, Year Livestock* Humans Million Individuals * Note: Livestock includes cattle, sheep, and goats. Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, ProdSTAT, electronic database, at updated June 2009; population from U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, electronic database, at updated 11 March 2009.

23 Livestock and Human Populations in Nigeria, Humans Millions Livestock Source: FAO, UNPop

24 Livestock and Human Populations in China, Year Livestock* Humans Million Individuals , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,329 * Note: Livestock includes cattle, sheep, and goats. Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, ProdSTAT, electronic database, at updated June 2009; population from U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, electronic database, at updated 11 March 2009.

25 Livestock and Human Populations in China, ,400 1,200 Humans 1,000 Millions Livestock Source: FAO, UNPop

26 World Total and Per Person Wild Fish Harvest, Year Harvest Harvest Per Person Million Tons Kilograms Source: Compiled by Earth Policy Institute from U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, FISHSTAT Plus, electronic database, at updated February 2009; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, electronic database, at esa.un.org/unpp, updated 11 March 2009.

27 World Total Wild Fish Harvest, Million Tons Source: FAO

28 World Wild Fish Harvest Per Person, Kilograms Source: FAO, UNPop