Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers"

Transcription

1 Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers

2 Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers Gauges Pressure gauges Pressure gauges should be installed in at least the following situations: Upstream of a pressure reducing valve - To monitor the integrity of the steam supply. Downstream of a pressure reducing valve - To set and monitor the downstream pressure. Variations in the downstream pressure can lead to reduced plant productivity and product quality. Variations in the downstream pressure may also indicate problems with the pressure reducing valve. On blowdown vessels - A pressure gauge is used to check the vessel pressure during blowdown. This improves safety, since a higher pressure than normal would give an early indication of pipework blockage. Flash steam vessels - To monitor the flash steam pressure. The Bourdon tube pressure gauge is the most commonly used type in steam systems. It consists of a coiled or C shaped tube that is sealed at one end, and open at the other. The open end of the Bourdon tube is exposed to the process fluid, allowing it to flow into the tube. Any increase in pressure causes elastic distortion of the tube, causing it to unwind. The resulting displacement of the closed end of the tube is translated by a series of gears to an angular displacement of the pointer. The pointer position is therefore proportional to the pressure applied at the gauge s pressure connector. Typically, the maximum deflection of the Bourdon tube corresponds to a pointer angular displacement of 270. The tube can be constructed out of a number of different materials, depending on the application; generally, brass or bronze is used for higher pressures, whereas stainless steel is used for lower pressures. (a) Fig C -shaped (a) and coiled (b) Bourdon tubes Bourdon tube pressure gauges often have the option of being liquid filled. The area surrounding the Bourdon tube is filled with a transparent liquid, normally glycerine. This protects the internal mechanisms against damage from severe vibration and to keep out ambient corrosives and condensation. This also damps the movement of the pointer making the gauge less susceptible to small transient pressure fluctuations. As the Bourdon tube may be damaged by high temperatures, it is common practice on steam systems to install the gauge at the end of a syphon tube. The syphon tube is filled with water which transmits the pressure of the working fluid to the Bourdon tube, enabling the gauge to be located some distance from the actual point where the pressure is being measured. The two most common forms of syphon tube are the U and ring types. The ring tube is used on horizontal pipelines where there is sufficient space above the pipe, and the U type is used when mounting the gauge on a vertical pipeline, or on horizontal pipelines where there is not sufficient space for a ring type siphon. (b)

3 Vertical pipe Horizontal pipe (a) (b) Fig U (a) and ring type (b) syphon tubes The Bourdon type pressure gauge is not suitable for use on corrosive liquids or fluids containing suspended solids alone, as these solids may damage the internal elements of the gauge. In such cases, it is necessary to keep the process fluid separate from the Bourdon tube. This is done by mounting a flexible diaphragm on the inlet to the gauge. The pressure element of the gauge and the space behind the diaphragm form a completely sealed system, which is evacuated and then filled with a suitable filling fluid; in the case of steam this is typically a type of oil. The system pressure causes the diaphragm to deflect, and the pressure is transmitted through the filling fluid to the Bourdon tube. Diaphragm seals should also be used on clean steam applications where no dead space is allowed. In addition to the Bourdon tube pressure gauge, several other types of pressure gauge are available which include; Diaphragm type pressure gauges, Piezoresistive pressure gauges and Temperature gauges. Diaphragm type pressure gauges A metal diaphragm is clamped between two flanges, and is exposed to the pressure medium on one side. Pressure exerted by the fluid causes elastic deflection of the diaphragm. The amount of deflection is proportional to the pressure applied on the diaphragm and it causes the linear displacement of a linkage rod attached to the internal side of the diaphragm. The movement of the linkage rod is in turn translated to angular movement of the gauge s pointer by a series of gears. Thus, the pointer movement is proportional to the pressure exerted on the diaphragm. The diaphragm also serves to isolate the fluid from the internals of the gauge; therefore, diaphragm type pressure gauges are suitable for use on most fluid types. Dial Pointer mechanism Pointer Diaphragm capsule Fig Schematic diagram of a diaphragm pressure gauge

4 Piezoresistive pressure gauges These pressure gauges consist of a diaphragm made from a ceramic substrate; piezoresistive type strain gauges are bonded to the diaphragm and together with the necessary circuitry, they are integrated on a silicon chip. The diaphragm deflects with changes in pressure, causing a change in the balance of the strain gauge bridge. This is converted by the integrated circuit module to an electronic signal that is proportional to the pressure. The output signal can be fed into a local digital display or further converted into a 4-20 ma signal output for remote transmission. These gauges are very sensitive and are used where precise measurement of pressure is required. Since they produce an electrical output signal, it is possible to incorporate them into building management systems. Temperature gauges Although there are a multitude of different temperature gauges available, five major types are likely to be encountered in steam systems, namely, the bimetallic type, the filled system type, thermistors, thermocouples and resistance temperature devices (RTDs). The bimetallic type temperature gauge - Consists of a coiled bimetallic element. The gauge is based on the principle of the bimetallic strip, which consists of two metal strips, made from different materials, bonded to each other. The two materials are selected so that they have different thermal coefficients of expansion. The two metals expand by different amounts when heated, and since they cannot move relative to each other, the bimetallic strip bends. Higher coefficient of thermal expansion Fig Principle of a bimetallic strip When the temperature of the coiled element rises, it tends to unwind. The degree to which this occurs is indicative of the temperature. A pointer is connected to the coil by a series of linkages, in a similar way to that in the bourdon tube. Bimetallic gauges tend to be inexpensive, robust and easy to install. They are used where a simple, quick visual indication of temperature is required. Fig A bimetallic temperature gauge

5 Other methods of temperature measurement - are dealt with in Module 6.7, Controllers and Sensors. These types of temperature sensors are used when a higher level of accuracy is required in measuring temperature, or when this function is to be automated or incorporated into a building management system. It is common to place a temperature-measuring probe into a pocket when installed into an item of plant. This enables the sensor to be removed from pipework or equipment without disturbing the integrity of the system. A heat conducting paste is used in the pocket to provide good heat transfer qualities. One area of concern when installing a temperature-measuring device is ensuring that it takes a representative reading. It is common, particularly in liquid containing vessels, for there to be some kind of thermal layering of the fluid, and measuring the temperature of the vessels at different levels may produce different results. Common applications of temperature-measuring devices include boiler feedtanks, measuring product temperatures and measuring the steam temperature after de-superheating. Sight glasses A sight glass, or sight flow indicator, provides a method of observing fluid flow in a pipeline. It has two main functions: Indication - Sight glasses are used to indicate if fluid is flowing correctly. They are used to detect blocked valves, strainers, steam traps and other pipeline equipment, as well as to detect if a steam trap is leaking steam. Inspection - Sight glasses can be used to observe the colour of a product at different stages of the production process. When sight glasses are used to indicate the correct functioning of blast discharge type steam traps, they should be positioned at least 1 m downstream from the trap. For other traps, the sight glass should be positioned immediately after the trap. Sight glasses do not provide an exact method of monitoring the functioning of steam traps. In practice, a thorough knowledge of the upstream steam system is required and the diagnosis is often subjective, depending on the experience of the observer. For example, depending on the condensate flowrate, pressure and trap discharge pattern, it can be difficult to differentiate if the steam trap is leaking steam or if flash steam is being generated after the steam trap. Sight glasses have generally been replaced by electrical devices such as conductivity sensors, which detect flooding upstream of the steam trap, or leaking traps. These devices do not require steam trap expertise and produce a consistently accurate result. Sight glasses The sight glass has a smooth concentric reduction in the inlet connection, which promotes turbulence in the sight glass when fluid is flowing through it. The turbulent flow inside the sight glass permits any fluid to be detected. Sight glasses are available with single, double or multi-viewing windows. (a) (b) (c) Fig Single (a), double (b) and multiple (c) window sight glasses Some sight glasses may be fitted with a light source, these are useful when the sight glass is fitted in an area of low ambient lighting, or where a single window sight glass has to be used, such as in tanks.

6 Sight check The sight check (see Figure ) is a combination of a sight glass and a check valve. A ball in the top of the flow tube is lifted off its seat by the fluid as it flows through the cylindrical window to the outlet connection. When there is reverse flow, the ball is forced back onto its seat on the inlet. The ball movement makes the flow easy to see, as well as providing shut-off on reverse flow. As with sight glasses, the sight check is used to observe the discharge of steam traps. In the sight check, the position of the ball check indicates whether condensate is flowing. Where condensate rises after the trap, the sight check eliminates the need for a separate check valve, thus simplifying installation. The sight check is particularly useful for commissioning steam traps fitted with a steam lock release (SLR). Ball Glass Flow Vacuum breakers Fig A sight check Vacuum breakers protect plant and process equipment against vacuum conditions, typically associated with cooling. Air allowed in under vacuum conditions Fig Vacuum breaker and a cut section of a vacuum breaker

7 The vacuum breaker consists of a spherical stainless steel ball that rests on its seat during normal operating conditions. At the point of vacuum, the valve is lifted off its seat and air is drawn into the system. Normal operation Cooling At point of vacuum Air inlet Valve closed Valve open Steam connection Fig Operation of a vacuum breaker In some cases, the valve may be spring loaded, which means that the vacuum is only broken when there is a further pressure decrease. This helps to ensure that the shut-off at near vacuum conditions remains bubble tight. One of the most common applications of a vacuum breaker is on process equipment such as jacketed pans and heat exchangers. When these items are turned off, they still contain a certain amount of steam. The steam condenses as the vessel cools down, and since condensate occupies a much smaller volume than the steam, vacuum conditions are generated. The vacuum can damage the plant and it is therefore necessary to install a vacuum breaker on the steam inlet to such equipment or onto the plant body. The same situation can occur on steam mains and boilers. A common application of vacuum breakers is on temperature-controlled heat exchangers that are likely to suffer from stall (see Block 13). On smaller heat exchangers draining to atmosphere, the stall condition can be avoided by installing a vacuum breaker on the steam inlet to the heat exchanger. When the vacuum is reached in the steam space, the vacuum breaker opens to allow condensate to drain down to the steam trap. Temperature control system Steam in Vacuum breaker Secondary flow Shell and tube heat exchanger Static head Secondary return Condensate out to return Fig The use of a vacuum breaker to prevent stall In general, it is not desirable to introduce air into the steam space, since it acts as a barrier to heat transfer and reduces the effective steam temperature (refer to Module 2.4). This becomes a problem on larger heat exchangers, where it is not advisable to use a vacuum breaker to overcome stall. Furthermore, if the condensate is lifted after the steam trap, for example, into a raised condensate return main, the vacuum breaker cannot assist drainage. In both these cases, it is necessary to use an active method of condensate removal such as a pump-trap (refer to Module 13.8).

SECTION METERS AND GAGES FOR PLUMBING PIPING

SECTION METERS AND GAGES FOR PLUMBING PIPING PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 SECTION INCLUDES A. Positive displacement meters. B. Flow meters. SECTION 22 0519 METERS AND GAGES FOR C. Pressure gages and pressure gage taps. D. Thermometers and thermometer wells.

More information

CASH VALVES TYPE G-4 PRESSURE REGULATORS

CASH VALVES TYPE G-4 PRESSURE REGULATORS A self-actuating pilot operated pressure reducing valve handling air, gas and steam and accurate to within ½% up to 3" and 1% for sizes to 6 FEATURES Extremely compact design enables use of a smaller regulator.

More information

CASH VALVES TYPE G-4 PILOT OPERATED PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR FOR STEAM, AIR AND GASES

CASH VALVES TYPE G-4 PILOT OPERATED PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATOR FOR STEAM, AIR AND GASES Self-actuating pilot operated pressure reducing valve handling air, gas, and steam and accurate to within 1 /2% up to 3" and 1% for larger sizes. Description The G-4 regulator is a self-actuating pilot

More information

Contents. Pressure measurement technology Pressure calibrators 18 Exercises 19-20

Contents. Pressure measurement technology Pressure calibrators 18 Exercises 19-20 1 Pressure Contents Topics: Slide No: Pressure measurement technology 03-17 Pressure calibrators 18 Exercises 19-20 2 Pressure Gauges Barometer Used to measure Barometric Pressure Reference is 0 psia,

More information

Gauges and Thermometers

Gauges and Thermometers Technical Guide Gauges and Thermometers Pressure Gauges Thermometers Altitude Gauges Sprinkler Gauges Industrial Gauges Logo Gauges Ancillary Equipment Pressure Gauges Pressure gauges in this catalogue

More information

Mercy Hospital of Buffalo Catholic Health System 2 nd Floor Patient Holding Center 3 rd Floor Locker Rooms Shaflucas Architects, PC Project No.

Mercy Hospital of Buffalo Catholic Health System 2 nd Floor Patient Holding Center 3 rd Floor Locker Rooms Shaflucas Architects, PC Project No. SECTION 23 22 13 STEAM AND CONDENSATE PIPING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification

More information

Valves. External Valves, Gages and Fittings. Bulletin No What options are available when stainless steel is not suitable for external parts.

Valves. External Valves, Gages and Fittings. Bulletin No What options are available when stainless steel is not suitable for external parts. External Valves, Gages and Fittings Bulletin No. 218 What options are available when stainless steel is not suitable for external parts. Unless otherwise specified, the external valves, gages, fittings

More information

D-040 PN 16 D-040-C PN 16. Combination Air Valve. Description. Applications. Operation. Main Features

D-040 PN 16 D-040-C PN 16. Combination Air Valve. Description. Applications. Operation. Main Features D00.WTR.CAT.ENG0 D-00 PN 1 Water Supply D-00-C PN 1 Combination Air Valve Description The D-00 series Combination Air Valve has the features of both an air release valve and an air & vacuum valve. The

More information

SECTION PIPING SPECIALTIES PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY

SECTION PIPING SPECIALTIES PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY SECTION 230533 - PIPING SPECIALTIES PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. Section Includes: 1. Pressure gages. 2. Pressure gage taps. 3. Thermometers. 4. Thermometer supports. 5. Test plugs. 6. Static pressure

More information

APT14 Automatic Pump Trap Installation and Maintenance Instructions

APT14 Automatic Pump Trap Installation and Maintenance Instructions 6120250/7 IM-P612-04 ST Issue 7 APT14 Automatic Pump Trap Installation and Maintenance Instructions 1 Product information 2 Operation 3 Installation Closed loop steam systems only 4 Commissioning 5 Maintenance

More information

APT10-2 Automatic Pump Trap

APT10-2 Automatic Pump Trap 6120050/3 IM-P612-18 ST Issue 3 APT10-2 Automatic Pump Trap Installation and Maintenance Instructions 1. General safety information 2. Product information 3. Installation Closed loop steam systems only

More information

A. Provide all HVAC specialties required to complete the installation of all HVAC systems. B. Manufacturers: Refer to individual product item.

A. Provide all HVAC specialties required to complete the installation of all HVAC systems. B. Manufacturers: Refer to individual product item. DIVISION 23 HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) SECTION 23 05 02 PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A. Provide all HVAC specialties required to complete the installation of all HVAC systems.

More information

AN EXPLANATION OF CIRCUITS CARTER YH HORIZONTAL CLIMATIC CONTROL CARBURETER

AN EXPLANATION OF CIRCUITS CARTER YH HORIZONTAL CLIMATIC CONTROL CARBURETER AN EXPLANATION OF CIRCUITS CARTER YH HORIZONTAL CLIMATIC CONTROL CARBURETER The Carter Model YH carbureter may be compared with a Carter YF downdraft carbureter with the circuits rearranged to operate

More information

BYPASS ROTAMETERS FOR MEASURING RATE OF FLOW IN LARGE PIPELINES

BYPASS ROTAMETERS FOR MEASURING RATE OF FLOW IN LARGE PIPELINES BULLETIN 20-5100-68 BYPASS FOR MEASURING RATE OF FLOW IN LARGE PIPELINES BYPASS ROTOMETERS SK bypass Rotameter systems are designed for the accurate measurement of fluid rate of flow in pipelines 11/2

More information

2 1 /2" Glycerin-Filled Dual Scale Vacuum Gauges

2 1 /2 Glycerin-Filled Dual Scale Vacuum Gauges BAC-25 Brass Case Dial Size: 2 1 /2" Glycerin Filled Pressure Ranges: 30" HG to 15,000 PSI/Bar (Dual Scale) Accuracy: Within 1.5% of Maximum Graduation Case: Forged Brass With Polished Brass ABS Bourdon

More information

D-040 PN 16 D-040-C PN 16. Combination Air Valve. Description. Applications. Operation. Main Features

D-040 PN 16 D-040-C PN 16. Combination Air Valve. Description. Applications. Operation. Main Features D-00 PN 1 Water Supply D-00-C PN 1 Combination Air Valve EnC-D00WTR-11 Description The D-00 series Combination Air Valve has the features of both an air release valve and an air & vacuum valve. The air

More information

Hopkinsons CONTENTS SCHEDULE OF SHELL BOILER MOUNTINGS. Hopkinsons. Safety Valves 5. Boiler Stop Valves 17. Feed Check Valves 18. Blowdown Valves 20

Hopkinsons CONTENTS SCHEDULE OF SHELL BOILER MOUNTINGS. Hopkinsons. Safety Valves 5. Boiler Stop Valves 17. Feed Check Valves 18. Blowdown Valves 20 Hopkinsons SCHEDULE OF SHELL BOILER MOUNTINGS Quality assurance Weir Power & Industrial operates quality programmes to cover the full scope of their activities. Comprehensive quality systems have been

More information

SAMPLE PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

SAMPLE PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS SAMPLE PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Thermometers & Gauges Product Guide Specification THERMOMETERS & GAUGES Specifier Notes: This section covers Miljoco Corporation thermometers and pressure gauges suitable

More information

flow measurement solutions RIM10 series rotor insertion flowmeters

flow measurement solutions RIM10 series rotor insertion flowmeters flow measurement solutions RIM10 series rotor insertion flowmeters R I M 1 0 RIM10 series rotor insertion flowmeters Versatile enough for almost any challenge Spirax Sarco s RIM10 rotor insertion flowmeters

More information

Flow Meter Terminal Boxes

Flow Meter Terminal Boxes Shutter Flow Meter Terminal Boxes Shutter Flow meter Terminal boxes 02 07 11 1 Shutter Valve DAROC Description and general specifications Production range and operating conditions Operation Installation,

More information

MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS FOR THE WATER & WASTEWATER INDUSTRY

MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS FOR THE WATER & WASTEWATER INDUSTRY MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS FOR THE WATER & WASTEWATER INDUSTRY MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER & WASTEWATER PROCESSING NOSHOK provides pressure, level and temperature measurement solutions, along with diaphragm

More information

Differential pressure gauge with micro switches With integrated working pressure indication (DELTA-comb) Model DPGS40

Differential pressure gauge with micro switches With integrated working pressure indication (DELTA-comb) Model DPGS40 Mechatronic pressure measurement Differential pressure gauge with micro switches With integrated working pressure indication (DELTA-comb) Model DPGS40 WIKA data sheet PV 27.20 for further approvals see

More information

Differential Pressure Gauge

Differential Pressure Gauge DA03 Differential Pressure Gauge The DA 03 is a versatile differential pressure gauge which can be configured with various optional features, such as: Adjustable limit contacts: delayed action or magnet

More information

Pressure Reducing Valve Type 2114/2415

Pressure Reducing Valve Type 2114/2415 Pressure Reducing Valve Type 2114/2415 Fig. 1 Type 2114/2415 1. Design and principle of operation The Type 2114/2415 Pressure Reducing Valve consists of the Type 2114 Valve and the Type 2415 Actuator.

More information

PT-516 Pumping Trap Installation and Maintenance

PT-516 Pumping Trap Installation and Maintenance PT-516 Pumping Trap Installation and Maintenance IB-104-B This bulletin should be used by experienced personnel as a guide to the installation and maintenance of the PT-516 Pumping Trap or Pumping Trap

More information

Pamphlet M0000. Three-in-One Pressure Regulator, Separator, and Steam Trap COSPECTR PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

Pamphlet M0000. Three-in-One Pressure Regulator, Separator, and Steam Trap COSPECTR PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES Pamphlet M0000 COSPECTR PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES Three-in-One Pressure Regulator, Separator, and Steam Trap COSPECT: Three-in-One Design A Product of Advanced Fluid Control Technology Three sub-units combine

More information

So how does a turbocharger get more air into the engine? Let us first look at the schematic below:

So how does a turbocharger get more air into the engine? Let us first look at the schematic below: How a Turbo System Works Engine power is proportional to the amount of air and fuel that can get into the cylinders. All things being equal, larger engines flow more air and as such will produce more power.

More information

Exercise 4-1. Flowmeters EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Rotameters. How do rotameter tubes work?

Exercise 4-1. Flowmeters EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Rotameters. How do rotameter tubes work? Exercise 4-1 Flowmeters EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Learn the basics of differential pressure flowmeters via the use of a Venturi tube and learn how to safely connect (and disconnect) a differential pressure flowmeter

More information

Nominal sizes: DN 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80, 100, 125, 150 Pressure rating: PN 16. Product No. Nominal size Body connection

Nominal sizes: DN 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80, 100, 125, 150 Pressure rating: PN 16. Product No. Nominal size Body connection Operating Instructions ERHARD Flow Indicator 1 Description of Product and Range of Application 2 Design Features Technical Data 3 Performance and Mode of Operation 4 Installation into the Pipeline Mounting

More information

Dial thermometers. Gas filled system and Bi-metal. dial thermometers

Dial thermometers. Gas filled system and Bi-metal. dial thermometers JJ Dial thermometers JJ Diesel engine thermometers JJ Low temperature dial thermometers JJ Remote reading dial thermometers JJ Remote reading diesel engine thermometers JJ Remote reading low temperature

More information

Valve Selection. 1. Function and service considerations

Valve Selection. 1. Function and service considerations 1. Function and service considerations Valve Selection Selection Valves serve the purpose of controlling the fluids in building services piping. Valves are produced in a variety of design types and materials.

More information

Biogas safety control equipment

Biogas safety control equipment Biogas safety control equipment As environmental concerns and energy efficiency are increasing, efficient economical and safe gas control systems become an increasingly important part of operating the

More information

walton TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEMS Pneumatically Operated (Rotary)

walton TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEMS Pneumatically Operated (Rotary) walton TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEMS Pneumatically Operated (Rotary) WALTON ENGINEERING CO. LTD. 61 London Road St Albans Hertfordshire AL1 1LJ England Telephone +44 (0)1727 855616 Fax +44 (0)1727 841145

More information

Lecture 3.3. Velocity, motion, force and pressure sensors

Lecture 3.3. Velocity, motion, force and pressure sensors 1. Tachogenerator Lecture 3.3 Velocity, motion, force and pressure sensors Figure 2.4.1 Principle of working of Techogenerator[1] Tachogenerator works on the principle of variable reluctance. It consists

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT. Brian Cleary. Emerson Process Management

FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT. Brian Cleary. Emerson Process Management FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Brian Cleary Emerson Process Management Why Measure Pressure & Temperature? Measurements of pressure and temperature are made for many reasons and by

More information

EMaSM. Principles Of Sensors & transducers

EMaSM. Principles Of Sensors & transducers EMaSM Principles Of Sensors & transducers Introduction: At the heart of measurement of common physical parameters such as force and pressure are sensors and transducers. These devices respond to the parameters

More information

Article on Sheath materials, Thermowells, Fittings, and Terminations

Article on Sheath materials, Thermowells, Fittings, and Terminations Article on Sheath materials, Thermowells, Fittings, and Terminations 1. INTRODUCTION Temperature sensor element for laboratory and industrial use should normally be protected by some form of sheath or

More information

Dosage Pumps - Installation Guide

Dosage Pumps - Installation Guide and Dosage Pumps - Installation Guide To be read in conjunction with schematics on pages 4, 5 and 6. Location The metering pump should be located in an area that allows convenient access to both the chemical

More information

Mounting and operating instructions EB EN. Differential Pressure and Temperature Regulator with Flow Limiter Type 2479/2430 K

Mounting and operating instructions EB EN. Differential Pressure and Temperature Regulator with Flow Limiter Type 2479/2430 K Differential Pressure and Temperature Regulator with Flow Limiter Type 2479/2430 K Special version DN 15 with differential pressure set point p = 0.5 bar Fig. 1 Type 2479/2430 K Mounting and operating

More information

Please note this is a condensed catalog. For a complete version, contact Velan directly.

Please note this is a condensed catalog. For a complete version, contact Velan directly. Please note this is a condensed catalog. For a complete version, contact Velan directly. VELAN VALVES IN POWER With an installed base covering over 300 nuclear power plants and over 2,000 thermal power

More information

SECTION METERS AND GAUGES

SECTION METERS AND GAUGES SECTION 22 05 19 PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK: A. Extent of meters and gauges required by this section is indicated on drawings and/or specified in other Division-22 sections. B. Types of meters

More information

Chapter 11. Control System Instrumentation

Chapter 11. Control System Instrumentation Chapter 11 Control System Instrumentation Measuring Instrumentations Transducers and Transmitters The typical process measuring instrument consists of sensing elements and transmitters (driving elements).

More information

MONOVAR is the energy dissipating valve.

MONOVAR is the energy dissipating valve. MONOVAR is the energy dissipating valve. Features Extremely simple design (patented) Excellent cavitation characteristics Very accurate flow or pressure control Manual or automatic control Suitable for

More information

Includes electric operated valve Pressure gauge with siphon, vacuum breaker and air vent BOILER UNITS

Includes electric operated valve Pressure gauge with siphon, vacuum breaker and air vent BOILER UNITS STEAM / HOT WATER MODELS HWG FEATURES A. O. Smith hot water generators are available for operation with steam or boiler water as the energy source. They are completely assembled with components sized,

More information

Technical Data TYPE T124 & T134 TEMPERATURE PILOT SPENCE ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. 150 COLDENHAM ROAD, WALDEN, NY SD 4512A

Technical Data TYPE T124 & T134 TEMPERATURE PILOT SPENCE ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. 150 COLDENHAM ROAD, WALDEN, NY SD 4512A WATTS INDUSTRIES, INC. Technical Data SD 4512A SPENCE ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. 150 COLDENHAM ROAD, WALDEN, NY 12586-2035 PRINTED IN U.S.A. SD 4512A/9806 T124/T134 PILOT FRONT VIEW 2 1 /16 F 5 7 /8 2 3

More information

Displacement Sensor. Model 8739, 8740, 8741

Displacement Sensor. Model 8739, 8740, 8741 w Technical Product Information Displacement Sensor 1. Introduction... 2 2. Preparations for use... 2 2.1 Unpacking... 2 2.2 Grounding and potential connection... 2 2.3 Storage... 2 3. Principle of operation...

More information

SECTION HVAC WATER PIPING ACCESSORIES

SECTION HVAC WATER PIPING ACCESSORIES SECTION 23 05 10 PART 1 - GENERAL HVAC WATER PIPING ACCESSORIES 1.01 RELATED DOCUMENTS 1.02 SCOPE A. The requirements of the General Conditions, Supplementary Conditions, Division 1, Division 20, and Drawings

More information

Pressure Gauges. General purpose utility gauges ASME grade B 3-2-3% - Quality & Economy

Pressure Gauges. General purpose utility gauges ASME grade B 3-2-3% - Quality & Economy Pressure Gauges General purpose utility gauges ASME grade B 3-2-3% - Quality & Economy Typical Applications: Air Conditioning, Heating & Hydraulic Systems, Sprinkler & Irrigation, Pressure Regulators,

More information

PUMP TYPE SERIES SLM AVP ACCORDING TO API 685

PUMP TYPE SERIES SLM AVP ACCORDING TO API 685 Production range pumps: Pumps with magnet drive E Chemical centrifugal pumps according to DIN EN E Centrifugal pumps according to ANSI B. E Centrifugal pumps for refinery and petrochemical applications

More information

Load cells for a Portable Structure

Load cells for a Portable Structure Load cells for a Portable Structure Load Restoring force Side force We know that a weighing system must be rigid to get good results. We should also know that a three point system is inherently more stable

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

Armstrong Double Duty 6 Steam Trap/Pump Combination Installation and Maintenance

Armstrong Double Duty 6 Steam Trap/Pump Combination Installation and Maintenance Armstrong Double Duty 6 Steam Trap/Pump Combination Installation and Maintenance 119 Overview Warning: This bulletin should be used by experienced personnel as a guide to the installation and maintenance

More information

Miniature Combination Pressure/Temperature Sensors with Redundant Capability. Dr. A.D. Kurtz, A. Kane, S. Goodman, Leo Geras

Miniature Combination Pressure/Temperature Sensors with Redundant Capability. Dr. A.D. Kurtz, A. Kane, S. Goodman, Leo Geras Miniature Combination Pressure/Temperature Sensors with Redundant Capability January 9, 2004 Dr. A.D. Kurtz, A. Kane, S. Goodman, Leo Geras Kulite Semiconductor Products, Inc. One Willow Tree Road Leonia,

More information

2.6. Air Flow Control Valve Type PRD

2.6. Air Flow Control Valve Type PRD 2.6. Air Flow Control Valve Type PRD Page 1/10 Air Flow Control Valve, Type PRD Page 2/10 Air Flow Control Valve Type PRD Description and Design The PRD remains the air valve of choice for critical heating,

More information

INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS 377 Float Cage / 326L & 322L lever Valves TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview... Cover General Information... Cover Operation... 4 Installation...4-6 Maintenance...

More information

Installation, Operation & Maintenance Instructions

Installation, Operation & Maintenance Instructions Installation, Operation & Maintenance Instructions 377 Float Cage / 326L & 322L lever Valves TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview... Cover General Information... Cover Operation... 4 Installation...4-6 Maintenance...

More information

Table Summary of Sprinkler System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. Reference. Inspection , ,

Table Summary of Sprinkler System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. Reference. Inspection , , Table 5.1.1.2 Summary of Sprinkler System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Item Frequency Reference Inspection Gauges (dry, preaction, and deluge systems) Quarterly 5.2.4.2, 5.2.4.3, 5.2.4.4 Control

More information

Turbo Tech 101 ( Basic )

Turbo Tech 101 ( Basic ) Turbo Tech 101 ( Basic ) How a Turbo System Works Engine power is proportional to the amount of air and fuel that can get into the cylinders. All things being equal, larger engines flow more air and as

More information

VELOCITY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DESUPERHEATERS

VELOCITY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DESUPERHEATERS VELOCITY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DESUPERHEATERS D Series 1 KOSO offers an adequate variety of desuperheating solutions. Most importantly, KOSO has the knowhow to help select the right solution using software

More information

Copeland Screw Compressors Semi-Hermetic Compact Operating Instructions

Copeland Screw Compressors Semi-Hermetic Compact Operating Instructions Copeland Screw Compressors Semi-Hermetic Compact Operating Instructions SCH2 & SCA2 High Temperature Compressors 35-240 Horsepower 1. Introduction This series of semi-hermetic compact screw compressors

More information

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS. Basic Electrical Engineering (REE-101) 1

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS. Basic Electrical Engineering (REE-101) 1 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Basic Electrical Engineering (REE-101) 1 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS The device used for comparing the unknown quantity with the unit of measurement or standard quantity is called a Measuring

More information

VAD Variable Area Desuperheaters

VAD Variable Area Desuperheaters Local regulations may restrict the use of this product to below the conditions quoted. In the interests of development and improvement of the product, we reserve the right to change the specification without

More information

548 hydraulic separator

548 hydraulic separator hydraulic separator 120 C 120 105 C 105 120 Serie 548 120 C 105 C 105 548 imensions C B Function The ltecnic 548 hydraulic separator combines several different components, each of which performs a specific

More information

HYDRAULIC SEPARATOR PRODUCTION RANGE. Code Size Max. flow rate (l/h) " "1/ "1/ " 8.

HYDRAULIC SEPARATOR PRODUCTION RANGE. Code Size Max. flow rate (l/h)  1/ 1/  8. HYDRAULIC SEPARATOR CT0617.0_03 EN March 2016 o o o Threaded versions equipped with flat seat F union connections, therefore, easy installation and/or maintenance; Self-cleaning: Dirt separator equipped

More information

Differential Pressure Transmitter

Differential Pressure Transmitter Specifications/Instructions Differential Pressure Transmitter General Model PY9000D is a differential pressure transmitter that uses a ceramic cantilever sensor. Deflection of the ceramic cantilever caused

More information

DESIGN, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE OF L.A.C.T. UNITS

DESIGN, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE OF L.A.C.T. UNITS DESIGN, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE OF L.A.C.T. UNITS INTRODUCTION The two most common methods of measuring the volume of petroleum liquids are tank gauging and liquid metering. The problems associated with

More information

LEAD FREE * LFF113RFP Flood Protection Shut Down Valve

LEAD FREE * LFF113RFP Flood Protection Shut Down Valve Technical Bulletin TB-ACV-LFF11RFP LEAD FREE * LFF11RFP Flood Protection Shut Down Valve Installed upstream of Reduced Zone Backflow Preventer. Normally Open Valve - Closes when continuous discharge from

More information

CB50X & CB50X-DL load cells Influence factors in weighbridge application

CB50X & CB50X-DL load cells Influence factors in weighbridge application CB50X & CB50X-DL load cells Influence factors in weighbridge application Introduction Vehicle scales can be considered as a platform that is supported by weight-sensing elements which produce an output

More information

Ideal Installation. I & M Mark 67 (1/2 6 ) Control Line. Installation & Maintenance Instructions for Mark 67 Pressure Regulators

Ideal Installation. I & M Mark 67 (1/2 6 ) Control Line. Installation & Maintenance Instructions for Mark 67 Pressure Regulators I & M Mark (/ ) 0 Wasson Road Cincinnati, OH 0 USA Phone --00 Fax -8-00 info@richardsind.com www.jordanvalve.com Installation & Maintenance Instructions for Mark Pressure Regulators Warning: Jordan Valve

More information

TEMPERATURE SENSOR ASSEMBLIES (PROBE)

TEMPERATURE SENSOR ASSEMBLIES (PROBE) Discription: TEMPERATURE SENSORS A temperature sensor is an element that sensed the temperature changes, then translate the measured temperature into an electrical signal which then providing the data

More information

3. The working pressure shall be 145 psi and tested to 230 psi.

3. The working pressure shall be 145 psi and tested to 230 psi. Revisions to Section 333313 (standards for ARI) D. Automatic Air Release Valves for Wastewater Systems All force mains shall have automatic air release valves installed as they are indicated on the plans.

More information

PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES

PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES 14.01 Part No. 536 536 WRAS APPROVED BRASS BODY WITH BSP THREADED CONNECTIONS SUITABLE FOR WATER & AIR The 536 pressure reducing valve is a economical and reliable solution for water and air applications.

More information

Differential pressure gauge with output signal With integrated working pressure indication (DELTA-trans) Model DPGT40

Differential pressure gauge with output signal With integrated working pressure indication (DELTA-trans) Model DPGT40 Mechatronic pressure measurement Differential pressure gauge with output signal With integrated working pressure indication (DELTA-trans) Model DPGT40 WIKA data sheet PV 17.19 Applications weitere Zulassungen

More information

NEOTECHA NTB-NTC BALL VALVES INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

NEOTECHA NTB-NTC BALL VALVES INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Before installation these instructions must be fully read and understood 2 SAFETY Please also read through these notes carefully. 2.1 General potential danger due to: a. Failure to observe the instructions

More information

Measurement of thermocouple emf using potentiometer & milivoltmeter. Milivoltmeter consists of a PMMC type meter. The coil gets magnetised when the

Measurement of thermocouple emf using potentiometer & milivoltmeter. Milivoltmeter consists of a PMMC type meter. The coil gets magnetised when the Measurement of thermocouple emf using potentiometer & milivoltmeter. Milivoltmeter consists of a PMMC type meter. The coil gets magnetised when the voltage is applied across the coil. The coil rotates

More information

Generator, Unit Hydrogen, Seal Oil, Stator Coolant, Demin Water Plant Operations Training Huntly Power Station: Units 1-4 Assessment ID: 8014, 8012, 8009, 8015, 8016 NZQA Unit Standard: 17413 Assessment

More information

NECO Pumping Systems

NECO Pumping Systems INSTALLATION OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS For Your NECO Pumping Systems PACKAGED CIRCULATING SYSTEM THIS COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED, TESTED, PACKAGED CIRCULATING SYSTEM IS OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY AND

More information

Mechanical pressure gauges

Mechanical pressure gauges J Bourdon tube pressure gauges J Differential pressure gauges J Diaphragm pressure gauges J capsule element pressure gauges Mechanical pressure gauges J Contains products with: DS_Mechanical_pressure_gauges

More information

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL MODEL 4D-200 REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE (RPZ) & MODEL 4D-700 REDUCED PRESSURE DETECTOR ASSEMBLY (RPDA) BACKFLOW PREVENTERS 2 ½ 10 Conbraco Industries Inc.

More information

LIQUID MEASUREMENT STATION DESIGN Class No

LIQUID MEASUREMENT STATION DESIGN Class No LIQUID MEASUREMENT STATION DESIGN Class No. 2230.1 Michael Frey Systems Sales Manager Daniel Measurement & Control, Inc. 5650 Brittmoore Rd. Houston, Texas 77041 INTRODUCTION The industry continues to

More information

UNIT 8 OTHER SENSORS

UNIT 8 OTHER SENSORS UNIT 8 OTHER SENSORS Aim and Agenda of unit 8 The aim of the presentation Sensors measuring humidity and temperature The agenda of the presentation Accelerometer Types of accelerometers NTC temperature

More information

FLOOD PROTECTION SHUT DOWN VALVE (3 and smaller)

FLOOD PROTECTION SHUT DOWN VALVE (3 and smaller) FLOOD PROTECTION SHUT DOWN VALVE ( and smaller) 01/10 2 6 To Floor Drain L X JB11 4 FS99 5 Installed upstream of Reduced Zone Backflow Preventer. Normally Open Valve - Closes when discharge from RPZ Relief

More information

ITVX Series. Stepless control of air pressure proportional to an electrical signal. Supply pressure: 5.0 MPa

ITVX Series. Stepless control of air pressure proportional to an electrical signal. Supply pressure: 5.0 MPa 5.0 MPa Maximum Supply Pressure High Pressure Electro-Pneumatic Regulator X Series This product is only for blowing gas. This product does not have sufficient pressure control for other applications (driving,

More information

LIQUEFIED GAS PUMP INSTALLATION

LIQUEFIED GAS PUMP INSTALLATION LIQUEFIED GAS PUMP INSTALLATION Z400C ENGINEERING DATA AND DESIGN HANDBOOK THE APPLICATION OF PUMPS TO LIQUEFIED GAS TRANSFER Although we cannot change the nature of the liquefied gas, there are many things

More information

EXPERIMENT 5 (a) PRESSURE, PROXIMITY AND MAGNETIC FIELD SENSORS

EXPERIMENT 5 (a) PRESSURE, PROXIMITY AND MAGNETIC FIELD SENSORS EXPERIMENT 5 (a) PRESSURE, PROXIMITY AND MAGNETIC FIELD SENSORS 1. OBJECTIVES: 1.1 To study the characteristics of a semiconductor type pressure sensor and an electronic pressure switch circuit 1.2 To

More information

Technical Data P3 PISTON POWER PUMP NON-ELECTRIC CONDENSATE PUMP SD 9952B

Technical Data P3 PISTON POWER PUMP NON-ELECTRIC CONDENSATE PUMP SD 9952B Technical Data SD 9952B SPENCE ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. 150 COLDENHAM ROAD, WALDEN, NEW YORK, 12586-2035 P3 PISTON POWER PUMP NON-ELECTRIC CONDENSATE PUMP Pressures To 250 PSIG (20.7 barg) Temperatures

More information

Series 42 Self-operated Regulators. Type RS Check Valve (backflow protection)

Series 42 Self-operated Regulators. Type RS Check Valve (backflow protection) Series 42 Self-operated Regulators Type 42-10 RS Check Valve (backflow protection) Application Designed to protect nitrogen and compressed air networks against backflow from directly connected systems.

More information

BERMAD Waterworks. Pressure Relief/Sustaining Valve. Model: WW Series. Features and Benefits. Major Additional Features

BERMAD Waterworks. Pressure Relief/Sustaining Valve. Model: WW Series. Features and Benefits. Major Additional Features Pressure Relief/Sustaining Valve Prioritizing pressure zones Ensuring controlled pipeline fill-up Preventing pipeline emptying Pump overload & cavitation protection Safeguarding pump minimum flow Excessive

More information

PROMAG SR SERIES SEAL-LESS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

PROMAG SR SERIES SEAL-LESS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS PROMAG SR SERIES SEAL-LESS CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS TO OBTAIN THE BEST PERFORMANCE FROM YOUR PROMAG SR PUMP, PLEASE READ THE MANUAL CAREFULLY. Failure to

More information

GVK Series (Steam-to-Steam) Clean Steam Generators

GVK Series (Steam-to-Steam) Clean Steam Generators Page 1 of 5 TI-P486-03 CH Issue 1 Cert. No. LRQ 0963008 ISO 9001 GVK Series (Steam-to-Steam) Clean Steam Generators Description Unfired clean steam generators with 'U' type extractable tube bundle and

More information

Module 7: Cooling System Components

Module 7: Cooling System Components  Â  Basic Cooling System Components Radiators Common Types of Radiators Coolant Hoses Water Pumps Centrifugal Force Types of Drives for Water Pumps Types of Drive Belts Basic Cooling System Components

More information

INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONCRETE VAULT TYPE UNITS

INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONCRETE VAULT TYPE UNITS INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONCRETE VAULT TYPE UNITS CONTENTS Introduction Safety Operating Principle System Installation Initial Startup System Operations Troubleshooting Maintenance

More information

Practical No: Aim: List out the tools required for Instrumentation Workshop and draw the diagram of any two tools

Practical No: Aim: List out the tools required for Instrumentation Workshop and draw the diagram of any two tools Aim: List out the tools required for Instrumentation Workshop and draw the diagram of any two tools Tools : Equipment which can be used to repair, maintain and furnish the instruments that are known as

More information

PRESSURE GAUGES DIAL THERMOMETERS PRESSURE & TEMP. SWITCHES PRESSURE & TEMP. TRANSMITTERS PIPES, PIPE FITTINGS & FLANGES

PRESSURE GAUGES DIAL THERMOMETERS PRESSURE & TEMP. SWITCHES PRESSURE & TEMP. TRANSMITTERS PIPES, PIPE FITTINGS & FLANGES WATER METERS VALVES & COCKS PRESSURE GAUGES DIAL THERMOMETERS PRESSURE & TEMP. SWITCHES PRESSURE & TEMP. TRANSMITTERS PIPES, PIPE FITTINGS & FLANGES FILTER, REGULATOR & LUBRICATORS W IKA V I INSTRUMENTS

More information

Steam/Water Washdown Units Safety and Operation Installation and Maintenance Instructions

Steam/Water Washdown Units Safety and Operation Installation and Maintenance Instructions INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS IM-8-002-US October 2016 Steam/Water Washdown Units Safety and Operation Installation and Maintenance Instructions These instructions should be read by the Company

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING Ken Embry FMC Measurement Solutions

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING Ken Embry FMC Measurement Solutions FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING Ken Embry FMC Measurement Solutions 6677 N. Gessner, Houston, Texas 77040 Throughout the oil and gas industry, there stems the need for accurate, economical measurement

More information

Steam Jet Syphons. Index. Bulletin 2A

Steam Jet Syphons. Index. Bulletin 2A Jet s Jet s operate on the steam jet principle utilizing the energy of steam under pressure to pump, mix liquids and handle solids. They can be used for the handling of corrosive or abrasive liquids and

More information

Global VPI Insulated Indirectly Hydrogen-Cooled Turbine Generator for Single-Shaft Type Combined Cycle Power Generation Facilities

Global VPI Insulated Indirectly Hydrogen-Cooled Turbine Generator for Single-Shaft Type Combined Cycle Power Generation Facilities Global VPI Insulated Indirectly Hydrogen-Cooled Turbine Generator for Single-Shaft Type Combined Cycle Power Generation Facilities YAMAZAKI Masaru NIIKURA Hitoshi TANIFUJI Satoshi ABSTRACT Fuji Electric

More information

Temperature Regulators

Temperature Regulators Temperature Regulators DESIGN & OPERATION DIAL THERMOMETER (Model 91400 only) BELLOWS OVERRANGE PROTECTION SPRING CAPILLARY TUBING CONNECTION SENSING BULB RANGE ADJUSTMENT SPRING CAP ADJUSTMENT SCREW BUSHING

More information

Self-operated Temperature Regulators Temperature Regulator Type 1u

Self-operated Temperature Regulators Temperature Regulator Type 1u Self-operated Temperature Regulators Temperature Regulator Type u Application Temperature regulators for cooling installations Control thermostats for set points from 0 to 250 C G ½ to G or DN 5 to DN

More information