2: The resistivity of copper is Ω.m. Determine the resistance of a copper wire that is 1.3 m long and has a diameter of 2.1 mm.
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1 Chapter 20 Discussion January :58 PM Electric Circuits Discussion Questions 1: A current of 12 A flows for 2.5 minutes to charge a battery. How much charge is transferred to the battery in this time? 2: The resistivity of copper is Ω.m. Determine the resistance of a copper wire that is 1.3 m long and has a diameter of 2.1 mm. Ch20D Page 1
2 3: A potential difference of 27 V is applied to the wire in Q2. Determine the current that flows in the wire. 4: If a copper wire is replaced by another copper wire that has twice the length and twice the diameter, how does the resistance change? Ch20D Page 2
3 5: The voltage drop across the terminals of a light bulb is 120 V, and the light bulb dissipates 60 W of power. (a) Determine the current flowing through the bulb. (b) Determine the resistance of the bulb. (c) Determine the amount of energy dissipated by the bulb in 24 h. (d) Determine how much charge flows through the bulb in 24 h. (e) Determine the cost to run the light bulb for 24 h if electricity costs 0.10 dollars per kw.h. Ch20D Page 3
4 6: A 20-Ω resistor is connected across the terminals of a 10-V battery. Some current flows through the resistor, and some power is dissipated in the resistor. Then the resistor is replaced by a 40-Ω resistor. (a) Who is correct? Explain. Student 1: The voltage drop across the 40-Ω resistor is the same as Ch20D Page 4
5 the voltage drop across the 20-Ω resistor. Student 2: The voltage drop across the 40-Ω resistor is twice as much as the voltage drop across the 20-Ω resistor. Student 3: The voltage drop across the 40-Ω resistor half as much as the voltage drop across the 20-Ω resistor. (b) Who is correct? Explain. Student 1: The current through the 40-Ω resistor is the same as the current through the 20-Ω resistor. Student 2: The current through the 40-Ω resistor is twice as much as the current through the 20-Ω resistor. Student 3: The current through the 40-Ω resistor half as much as the current through the 20-Ω resistor. (c) Who is correct? Explain. Student 1: The power dissipated in the 40-Ω resistor is the same as the power dissipated in the 20-Ω resistor. Student 2: The power dissipated in the 40-Ω resistor is twice as much as the power dissipated in the 20-Ω resistor. Student 3: The power dissipated in the 40-Ω resistor half as much as the power dissipated in the 20-Ω resistor. 7: A battery is rated at 200 A.h. (a) Determine the total charge that the battery can provide. (b) Determine the maximum current that the battery could provide for 48 minutes. (a) The A.h is a unit of charge, so we can conclude that the battery can deliver 200 A.h of charge. If you wish to convert this to coulombs, then: Ch20D Page 5
6 8: Typical "drift speeds" for electrons in metals is on the order of 1 cm/min. Why then, does a light bulb turn on nearly instantly when you flip the light switch? Think about the necklace model of current. 9: Consider two batteries that have the same fixed voltage. A single light bulb is attached to each battery, but Light Bulb A has greater resistance than Light Bulb B. (a) Which bulb is brighter? (b) If you connect the two light bulbs in series to one battery, which is brighter? (c) If you connect the two bulbs in parallel to one battery, which is brighter? Ch20D Page 6
7 10: Birds can stand on high-voltage, uninsulated power lines without getting hurt. (a) Why? (b) Does this mean it's safe for you to touch a power line that falls to the ground in an ice storm? What about leaning a ladder against an uninsulated power line, or fetching a kite tangled up in an uninsulated power line? Explain. (a) Because the resistance of the wire is extremely low, the voltage drop between two points on the wire that are very close together is small. The small voltage difference between the bird's feet drives a very small current through the bird's body, because the bird's own resistance is significant (especially in the bird's feet). (b) If you touch a high-voltage power line while standing on the ground, the potential difference between your hand and foot is enormous, and this will drive a high current through you, which is extremely dangerous. 11: A string of Christmas lights may contain 50 bulbs connected in parallel. An old-fashioned string of Christmas lights may contain 50 bulbs connected in series. (a) Which is better? Explain. (b) What happens if you place an old-style bulb in a new-style string? (This is prevented by making new-style sockets smaller.) 12: You have two identical batteries and two identical light bulbs. Explain how to connect them so that you get the maximum brightness. Ch20D Page 7
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