TEPZZ_9459 8B T EP B2 (19) (11) EP B2. (12) NEW EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION After opposition procedure

Transcription

1 (19) TEPZZ_949 8B T (11) EP B2 (12) NEW EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION After opposition procedure (4) Date of publication and mention of the opposition decision: Bulletin 1/48 (4) Mention of the grant of the patent: Bulletin /1 (21) Application number: (1) Int Cl.: F02B 37/24 (06.01) F01D 17/16 (06.01) (86) International application number: PCT/US0/ (87) International publication number: WO 07/ ( Gazette 07/17) (22) Date of filing: (4) TURBOCHARGER AND VARIABLE-NOZZLE CARTRIDGE THEREFOR TURBOLADER UND PATRONE MIT VARIABLER DÜSE DAFÜR TURBOCOMPRESSEUR ET CARTOUCHE A TUYERE VARIABLE ASSOCIEE (84) Designated Contracting States: DE FR GB (43) Date of publication of application: Bulletin 08/ (73) Proprietor: Honeywell International Inc. Morristown, NJ (US) (72) Inventors: HETTINGGER, Raphael Morristown NJ (US) SAUTAE, Larrain Morristown NJ (US) PERRM, Jean-Luc Morristown NJ (US) CASTAN, Joel Chantraine (FR) (74) Representative: Houghton, Mark Phillip et al Patent Outsourcing Limited 1 King Street Bakewell, Derbyshire DE4 1DZ (GB) (6) References cited: EP-A WO-A-04/ US-A US-A US-B EP B2 Printed by Jouve, 7001 PARIS (FR)

2 1 EP B2 2 Description [0001] The present invention relates to turbochargers having a variable-nozzle turbine in which an array of movable vanes is disposed in the nozzle of the turbine for regulating exhaust gas flow into the turbine. [0002] An exhaust gas-driven turbocharger is a device used in conjunction with an internal combustion engine for increasing the power output of the engine by compressing the air that is delivered to the air intake of the engine to be mixed with fuel and burned in the engine. A turbocharger comprises a compressor wheel mounted on one end of a shaft in a compressor housing and a turbine wheel mounted on the other end of the shaft in a turbine housing. Typically the turbine housing is formed separately from the compressor housing, and there is yet another center housing connected between the turbine and compressor housings for containing bearings for the shaft. The turbine housing defines a generally annular chamber that surrounds the turbine wheel and that receives exhaust gas from an engine. The turbine assembly includes a nozzle that leads from the chamber into the turbine wheel. The exhaust gas flows from the chamber through the nozzle to the turbine wheel and the turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gas. The turbine thus extracts power from the exhaust gas and drives the compressor. The compressor receives ambient air through an inlet of the compressor housing and the air is compressed by the compressor wheel and is then discharged from the housing to the engine air intake. [0003] One of the challenges in boosting engine performance with a turbocharger is achieving a desired amount of engine power output throughout the entire operating range of the engine. It has been found that this objective is often not readily attainable with a fixed-geometry turbocharger, and hence variable-geometry turbochargers have been developed with the objective of providing a greater degree of control over the amount of boost provided by the turbocharger. One type of variablegeometry turbocharger is the variable-nozzle turbocharger (VNT), which includes an array of variable vanes in the turbine nozzle. The vanes are pivotally mounted in the nozzle and are connected to a mechanism that enables the setting angles of the vanes to be varied. Changing the setting angles of the vanes has the effect of changing the effective flow area in the turbine nozzle, and thus the flow of exhaust gas to the turbine wheel can be regulated by controlling the vane positions. In this manner, the power output of the turbine can be regulated, which allows engine power output to be controlled to a greater extent than is generally possible with a fixed-geometry turbocharger. [0004] The variable vane mechanism is relatively complicated and thus presents a challenge in terms of assembly of the turbocharger. Furthermore, the mechanism is located between the turbine housing, which gets quite hot because of its exposure to exhaust gases, and the center housing, which is at a much lower temperature than the turbine housing. Accordingly, the variable vane mechanism is subject to thermal stresses because of this temperature gradient. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [000] The present invention provides a cartridge as defined in Claim 1. The cartridge may include the features of any one or more of dependent Claims 2 to 19. [0006] The present invention addresses the above needs and achieves other advantages, by providing a variable-nozzle turbocharger that includes a cartridge containing the variable vane mechanism. The turbine defines a nozzle through which exhaust gas is delivered to the turbine wheel, and a central bore through which exhaust gas is discharged after it passes through the turbine wheel. The cartridge is connected between the center housing and the turbine housing and may comprise an assembly of: a generally annular nozzle ring and an array of vanes circumferentially spaced about the nozzle ring and disposed in the nozzle such that exhaust gas flows between the vanes to the turbine wheel, each vane being rotatably mounted to the nozzle ring and connected to a rotatable actuator ring such that rotation of the actuator ring rotates the vanes for regulating exhaust gas flow to the turbine wheel; an insert having a tubular portion sealingly received into the bore of the turbine housing and having a nozzle portion extending generally radially out from one end of the tubular portion, the nozzle portion being axially spaced from the nozzle ring such that the vanes extend between the nozzle ring and the nozzle portion; a plurality of spacers connected between the nozzle portion of the insert and the nozzle ring for securing the nozzle ring to the insert and maintaining an axial spacing between the nozzle portion of the insert and the nozzle ring; and a generally annular retainer ring fastened to the center housing in such a manner as to capture the nozzle ring between the retainer ring and the center housing the retainer ring being formed as a separate part from the insert and being mechanically and thermally decoupled from the insert. [0007] The cartridge is installable into the turbocharger and removable therefrom as a unit, which aids in the process of assembling the turbocharger. The mechanical and thermal decoupling of the retainer ring from the insert helps reduce the thermal stresses to which the cartridge is subjected as a result of the large temperature gradient between the turbine housing and the center housing. More particularly, the retainer ring is in thermal communication with the relatively low-temperature center housing, while the insert is in thermal communication with the relatively high-temperature turbine housing. The decoupling of the retainer ring from the insert reduces the thermal stresses to which thee parts are subjected. Additionally, the cost and complexity of manufacturing are reduced by making these parts as separate members. [0008] Preferably, the turbine housing is fastened to 2

3 3 EP B2 4 the center housing in such a manner that a gap is defined between the turbine housing and the retainer ring. This gap provides decoupling between the turbine housing and the retainer ring, which helps to reduce stresses that could otherwise be imposed on the cartridge as a result of differential thermal deformation between the turbine housing and cartridge. [0009] Preferably, at least one sealing ring is disposed between the tubular portion of the insert and the turbine housing and is retained in a groove formed in a radially outer surface of the tubular portion of the insert. The at least one sealing ring spaces the outer surface of the tubular portion of the insert from an opposing inner surface of the turbine housing so as to substantially decouple the insert from the turbine housing. [00] Advantageously, the spacers are formed separately from the nozzle ring and the insert. The nozzle ring defines apertures that receive first end portions of the spacers. Each of the spacers has a first shoulder that abuts a face of the nozzle ring when the first end portion is received in the aperture. The nozzle portion of the insert also defines apertures for receiving second end portions of the spacers, and each spacer defines a second shoulder (spaced from the first shoulder by a distance generally corresponding to the axial width of the turbine nozzle) that abuts a face of the nozzle portion when the second end portion is received in the aperture of the nozzle portion. In one embodiment, there are three spacers that are uniformly spaced about the nozzle ring. [0011] Preferably, the retainer ring has an axially facing surface that engages an opposing axially facing surface of the nozzle ring along a full 360 circumference so as to substantially seal an interface between the retainer ring and the nozzle ring. [0012] the nozzle ring includes a radially outer surface facing a radially inner surface of the retainer ring, and a radial gap is defined between the radially outer surface of the nozzle ring and the radially inner surface of the retainer ring, the radial gap allowing radial displacement of the nozzle ring relative to the retainer ring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) [0013] Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein: [0014] FIG. 1 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a turbocharger in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and [001] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a subassembly of a variable vane cartridge for the turbocharger in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0016] The present inventions now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some but not all embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. [0017] A turbocharger in accordance with one embodiment of the invention is illustrated in fragmentary perspective view in FIG. 1. The turbocharger comprises a compressor 12 having a compressor wheel or impeller 14 mounted in a compressor housing 16 on one end of a rotatable shaft 18. The shaft is supported in bearings (not specifically illustrated) mounted in a center housing of the turbocharger. The shaft 18 is rotated by a turbine wheel 22 mounted on the other end of the shaft 18 from the compressor wheel, thereby rotatably driving the compressor wheel, which compresses air drawn in through the compressor inlet and delivers the compressed air to the intake of an internal combustion engine (not shown) for boosting the performance of the engine. [0018] The turbocharger also includes a turbine housing 24 that houses the turbine wheel 22. The turbine housing defines a generally annular chamber 26 that surrounds the turbine wheel and that receives exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine for driving the turbine wheel. The exhaust gas is directed from the chamber 26 generally radially inwardly through a turbine nozzle 28 to the turbine wheel 22. As the exhaust gas flow through the passages between the blades of the turbine wheel, the gas is expanded to a lower pressure, and the gas discharged from the wheel exits the turbine housing through a generally axial bore 32 therein. [0019] The turbine nozzle 28 is a variable nozzle for varying the cross-sectional flow area through the nozzle so as to regulate flow into the turbine wheel. The nozzle includes a plurality of vanes 34 that are circumferentially spaced about the nozzle. Each vane is affixed to a pin 36 that passes through an aperture in a generally annular nozzle ring 38 that is mounted coaxially with respect to the turbine wheel 22. Each pin 36 is rotatable about its axis for rotating the attached vane. The nozzle ring 38 forms one wall of the flow passage of the nozzle 28. Each of the pins 36 has a vane arm affixed to an end of the pin that protrudes out from the nozzle ring 38, and is enagaged by a generally annular unison ring 42 (also referred to herein as an actuator ring) that is rotatable about its axis and that is coaxial with the nozzle ring 38. An actuator (not shown) is connected to the unison ring 42 for rotating it about its axis. When the unison ring is rotated, the vane arms are rotated to cause the pins 36 to rotate about their axes, thereby rotating the vanes 34 so as to vary the cross-sectional flow area through the nozzle 28. As described thus far, the variable nozzle mechanism generally corresponds to a conventional variable nozzle having variable vanes (see, e.g., EP1432A1) which shows such prior vane configura- 3

4 EP B2 6 tions in more detail. [00] In accordance with the invention, however, the variable vane mechanism is provided in the form of an improved cartridge 0 that is installable into and removable from the turbocharger as a unit. The cartridge 0 comprises the nozzle ring 38, vanes 34, pins 36, vane arms, and unison ring 42. The cartridge further comprises an insert 2 (shown in isolated perspective view in FIG. 2) that has a tubular portion 4 sealingly received into a portion 32a of the bore 32 of the turbine housing, and a nozzle portion 6 extending generally radially out from one end of the tubular portion 4, the nozzle portion 6 being axially spaced from the nozzle ring 38 such that the vanes 34 extend between the nozzle ring 38 and the nozzle portion 6. The bore portion 32a of the turbine housing has a radius that exceeds that of the remainder of the bore 32 by an amount slightly greater than the radial thickness of the tubular portion 4 of the insert 2. The radially outer surface of the tubular portion 4 has at least one circumferential groove, and preferablyhas two axially spaced grooves as shown in FIG. 1, in each of which a sealing ring 8 is retained for sealingly engaging the inner surface of the bore portion 32a. Advantageously, the outer diameter of the tubular portion 4 of the insert is slightly less than the inner diameter of the bore portion 32a so that a slight gap is defined therebetween, and only the sealing rings 8 make contact with the inner surface of the bore portion 32a. Additionally, there is a gap 60 between the nozzle portion 8 and the adjacent end of the turbine housing at the end of the bore portion 32a. In this manner, the insert 2 is mechanically and thermally decoupled from the turbine housing 24. [0021] A plurality of spacers 62 are connected between the nozzle portion 6 of the insert 2 and the nozzle ring 38 for securing the nozzle ring to the insert and maintaining the desired axial spacing between the nozzle portion of the insert and the nozzle ring. Each spacer 62 passes through an aperture in the nozzle portion 6 and has an enlarged head 62h on the side of the nozzle portion 6 that faces away from the nozzle 28. Each spacer also has a pair of enlarged shoulders 62s axially spaced along the length of the spacer such that one shoulder 62s abuts the opposite side of the nozzle portion 6 and the other shoulder 62s abuts the facing surface of the nozzle ring 38, thereby setting the axial spacing between the nozzle ring and nozzle portion. An end portion of each spacer 62 passes through an aperture in the nozzle ring 38 and the distal end of this end portion is upset to form an enlarged head 62h to capture the nozzle ring. Advantageously, the spacers 62 are formed of a material having good high-temperature mechanical properties and a relatively low thermal conductivity, such as stainless steel (e.g., grade 3 stainless steel) or the like, so that the nozzle ring 38 and insert 2 are effectively thermally decoupled from each other. [0022] The variable-vane cartridge 0 also comprises a generally annular retainer ring 64 fastened to the center housing in such a manner as to capture the nozzle ring 38 between the retainer ring 64 and the center housing. The retainer ring 64 is formed as a separate part from the insert 2 and is mechanically and thermally decoupled from the insert. More specifically, the retainer ring comprises an annular ring that is fastened to the center housing using threaded fasteners 66. At its radially outer side, the retainer ring has an annular axially extending projection 68 that engages a shoulder on the center housing to restrain the retainer ring with respect to radially inward movement relative to the center housing. At its radially inner side, the retainer ring has an annular radially inwardly extending projection 70 that engages the surface of the nozzle ring 38 facing toward the insert 2. The engagement between the projection 70 and the nozzle ring 38 preferably is along a full 360 circumference of the nozzle ring so as to substantially seal the interface between the retainer ring and the nozzle ring. The projection 70 also assists the spacers 62 in restraining the nozzle ring with respect to axial movement in the direction toward the insert 2. Advantageously, the retainer ring 64 has a radially inner surface 72 facing toward a radially outer surface 74 of the nozzle ring 38, and the retainer ring surface 72 is slightly greater in diameter than the nozzle ring surface 74 such that there is a gap between these surfaces. This gap accommodates radial displacement of the nozzle ring relative to the retainer ring, such as may occur through differential thermal growth or other causes. [0023] Additionally, the retainer ring 64 has a radially outer surface 76 that faces a radially inwardly facing surface 78 of the turbine housing 24. The turbine housing 24 is fastened to the center housing in such a manner that a gap is defined between the inner surface 78 of the turbine housing and the outer surface 76 of the retainer ring. This gap provides mechanical and thermal decoupling between the turbine housing and the retainer ring. [0024] The cartridge 0 further comprises a heat shroud 80 that is captively retained between the nozzle ring 38 and the center housing when the cartridge is installed onto the center housing. The heat shroud 80 provides sealing between the nozzle ring and center housing to prevent hot exhaust gas from migrating between these parts into the cavity in which the vane arms and unison ring 42 are disposed. The heat shroud 80 advantageously is a resiliently elastic material such as spring steel or the like, and the shroud is configured so that it is compressed in the axial direction between the nozzle ring 38 and the center housing so that the restoring force of the shroud urges the shroud firmly against surfaces of the nozzle ring and center housing to substantially seal against these surfaces. [002] From the above description of one embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that the variablevane cartridge 0 enables a number of advantages or characteristics to be attained. The avoidance of direct contact between the insert 2 and the turbine housing 24 and between the retainer ring 64 and the turbine housing provides mechanical and thermal decoupling be- 4

5 7 EP B2 8 tween the turbine housing and these parts. The retainer ring 64 is connected with the relatively low-temperature center housing, while the insert 2 is connected with the much higher-temperature nozzle ring 38. Because the retainer ring and insert are thermally and mechanically decoupled, the temperature difference between these parts does not give rise to thermally induced stresses and deformations that could adversely affect the proper operation of the variable-vane mechanism. Thermal growth of the nozzle ring 38 in the radial direction is accommodated by the gap between the nozzle ring and the retainer ring 64. Furthermore, the separate formation of the insert 2 and the retainer ring 64 and the simple mechanical connection provided between the insert and the nozzle ring 38 via the spacers 62 substantially simplifies manufacturing and assembly of the variable-vane cartridge 0. In particular, this simple design avoids the need to keep very close tolerances on the various parts, thereby reducing the cost of production. [0026] Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. 1 2 nozzle ring (38) for securing the nozzle ring (38) to the insert and for maintaining an axial spacing between the nozzle portion (6) of the insert (2) and the nozzle ring (38); and a generally annular retainer ring (64) structured and arranged to be fastened to a center housing () of the turbocharger in such a manner as to capture the nozzle ring (38) between the retainer ring (64) and the center housing (), characterized in that: the retainer ring (64) is formed as a separate part from the insert (2) and is mechanically and thermally decoupled from the insert (2) wherein the nozzle ring (38) includes a radially outer surface (74) facing a radially inner surface (72) of the retainer ring (64), and wherein a radial gap is defined between the radially outer surface (74) of the nozzle ring (38) and the radially inner surface (72) of the retainer ring (64), the radial gap allowing radial displacement of the nozzle ring (38) relative to the retainer ring (64). 2. The variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) of claim 1, further comprising at least one sealing ring (8) retained in a groove formed in a radially outer surface of the tubular portion of the insert (2) for sealing against a surface of a bore (32a) of a turbine housing (24). Claims 1. A variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) for a variable-nozzle turbine, the cartridge (0) comprising an assembly of: 3 3. The variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) of claim 1, wherein the spacers (62) are formed separately from the nozzle ring (38) and the insert (2) and are joined to the nozzle portion (6) of the insert (2) and project axially therefrom. a generally annular nozzle ring (38) and an array of vanes (34) circumferentially spaced about the nozzle ring (38), each vane (34) being rotatably mounted to the nozzle ring (38) and connected to a rotatable actuator (42) such that rotation of the actuator ring (42) relative to the nozzle ring (38) rotates the vanes (34) for regulating exhaust gas flow through the array of vanes (34); an insert (2) having a tubular portion (4) structured and arranged to be sealingly received into a bore (32a) of a turbine housing (24) and having a nozzle portion (6) extending generally radially out from one end of the tubular portion (4), the nozzle portion (6) being axially spaced from the nozzle ring (38) such that the vanes (34) extend between the nozzle ring (38) and the nozzle portion (6); a plurality of spacers (62) connected between the nozzle portion (6) of the insert (2) and the The variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) of claim 3, wherein the nozzle ring (38) defines apertures that receive first end portions of the spacers (62).. The variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) of claim 4, wherein each of the spacers (62) has a first shoulder (62s) that is abutted by a face of the nozzle ring (38) when the first end portion of the spacer (62) is received in one of the apertures, the shoulders (62s) delimiting the axial spacing between the nozzle ring (38) and the nozzle portion (6) of the insert (2). 6. The variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) of claim, wherein the nozzle portion (6) of the insert (2) defines apertures that receive opposite second end portions of the spacers (62), each of the spacers (62) having a second shoulder (62s) that abuts a face of the nozzle portion (6) when the second end portion is received in one of the apertures of the nozzle por-

6 9 EP B2 tion (6). 7. The variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) of claim 1, wherein the retainer ring (64) has an axially facing surface that engages an opposing axially facing surface of the nozzle ring (38) along a full 360 circumference so as to substantially seal an interface between the retainer ring (64) and the nozzle ring (38). turbine housing (24) and the retainer ring (64), the gap providing decoupling between the turbine housing (24) and the retainer ring (64).. The turbocharger of claim 8, further comprising at least one sealing ring (8) disposed between the tubular portion (4) of the insert (2) and the turbine housing (24). 8. The variable-nozzle turbine cartridge (0) of claim 1 installed in a turbocharger, the turbocharger comprising: a turbine assembly comprising a turbine housing (24) and a turbine wheel (22) mounted in the turbine housing (24) and connected to a rotatable shaft (18) for rotation therewith, the turbine housing (24) defining a chamber (26) surrounding the turbine wheel (22) for receiving exhaust gas from an engine and for supplying the exhaust gas to the turbine wheel (22), the turbine assembly defining a nozzle (28) leading from the chamber (26) generally radially inwardly to the turbine wheel (22), the turbine housing (24) further defining an axially extending bore (32a) through which exhaust gas is discharged after passing through the turbine wheel (22); a compressor assembly comprising a compressor housing (16) and a compressor wheel (14) mounted in the compressor housing (16) and connected to the rotatable shaft (18) for rotation therewith; and a center housing () connected between the compressor housing (16) and the turbine housing (24); wherein the cartridge (0) is connected between the center housing () and the turbine housing (24), with the tubular portion (4) of the insert (2) sealingly received into the bore (32a) of the turbine housing (24), and with the retainer ring (64) fastened to the center housing () in such a manner as to capture the nozzle ring (38) between the retainer ring (64) and the center housing (), wherein the nozzle ring (38) includes a radially outer surface (74) facing a radially inner surface (72) of the retainer ring (64), and wherein a radial gap is defined between the radially outer surface (74) of the nozzle ring (38) and the radially inner surface (72) of the retainer ring (64), the radial gap allowing radial displacement of the nozzle ring (38) relative to the retainer ring (64). 9. The turbocharger of claim 8, wherein the turbine housing (24) is fastened to the center housing () in such a manner that a gap is defined between the The turbocharger of claim, wherein the at least one sealing ring (8) is retained in a groove formed in a radially outer surface of the tubular portion (4) of the insert (2). 12. The turbocharger of claim 11, wherein the at least one sealing ring (8) spaces the outer surface of the tubular portion (4) of the insert (2) from an opposing inner surface of the turbine housing (24) so as to substantially decouple the insert (2) from the turbine housing (24). 13. The turbocharger of claim 8, wherein the spacers (62) are formed separately from the nozzle ring (38) and the insert (2). 14. The turbocharger of claim 13, wherein the nozzle ring (38) defines apertures that receive first end portions of the spacers (62). 1. The turbocharger of claim 14, wherein each of the spacers (62) has a first shoulder (62s) that is abutted by a face of the nozzle ring (38) when the first end portion of the spacer (62) is received in one of the apertures, the shoulders (62s) delimiting the axial spacing between the nozzle ring (38) and the nozzle portion (6) of the insert (2). 16. The turbocharger of claim 1, wherein the nozzle portion (6) of the insert (2) defines apertures that receive opposite second end portions of the spaces (62), each of the spacers (62) having a second shoulder (62s) that abuts a face of the nozzle portion (6) when the second end portion is received in one of the apertures of the nozzle portion (6). 17. The turbocharger of claim 8, wherein the retainer ring (64) has an axially facing surface that engages an opposing axially facing surface of the nozzle ring (38) along a full 360 circumference so as to substantially seal an interface between the retainer ring (64) and the nozzle ring (38). Patentansprüche 1. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) für eine Turbine mit Verstelldüse, wobei die Patrone (0) eine Anordnung aus Folgendem umfasst: 6

7 11 EP B2 12 einem allgemein ringförmigen Düsenring (38) und einer Anordnung von Leitschaufeln (34), die umfangsmäßig um den Düsenring (38) beabstandet sind, wobei jede Leitschaufel (34) drehbar an dem Düsenring (38) befestigt und mit einem drehbaren Aktuatorring (42) verbunden ist, so dass eine Drehung des Aktuatorrings (42) bezüglich des Düsenrings (38) die Leitschaufeln (34) zur Regulierung des Abgasstroms durch die Anordnung von Leitschaufeln (34) dreht; einem Einsatz (2) mit einem röhrenförmigen Teil (4), der dazu strukturiert und angeordnet ist, abdichtend in einer Bohrung (32a) eines Turbinengehäuses (24) aufgenommen zu werden, und mit einem Düsenteil (6), der sich allgemein radial aus einem Ende des röhrenförmigen Teils (4) herauserstreckt, wobei der Düsenteil (6) axial von dem Düsenring (38) beabstandet ist, so dass sich die Leitschaufeln (34) zwischen dem Düsenring (38) und dem Düsenteil (6) erstrecken; mehreren Abstandsstücken (62), die zwischen dem Düsenteil (6) des Einsatzes (2) und dem Düsenring (38) verbunden sind, um den Düsenring (38) an dem Einsatz zu befestigen und um eine axiale Beabstandung zwischen dem Düsenteil (6) des Einsatzes (2) und dem Düsenring (38) aufrechtzuerhalten; und einem allgemein ringförmigen Haltering (64), der dazu strukturiert und angeordnet ist, an einem mittleren Gehäuse () des Turboladers so befestigt zu werden, dass er den Düsenring (38) zwischen dem Haltering (64) und dem mittleren Gehäuse () ergreift, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Haltering (64) als ein getrenntes Teil von dem Einsatz (2) hergestellt und mechanisch und thermisch von dem Einsatz (2) entkoppelt ist, wobei der Düsenring (38) eine radial äußere Fläche (74) aufweist, die zu einer radial inneren Fläche (72) des Halterings (64) weist, und wobei ein radialer Spalt zwischen der radial äußeren Fläche (74) des Düsenrings (38) und der radial inneren Fläche (72) des Halterings (64) definiert wird, wobei der radiale Spalt eine radiale Verschiebung des Düsenrings (38) bezüglich des Halterings (64) gestattet. 2. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) nach Anspruch 1, die weiterhin mindestens einen Dichtungsring (8) umfasst, der in einer in einer radial äußeren Fläche des röhrenförmigen Teils des Einsatzes (2) ausgebildeten Nut zur Abdichtung gegen eine Fläche einer Bohrung (32a) eines Turbinengehäuses (24) festgehalten wird. 3. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Abstandsstücke (62) getrennt von dem Düsenring (38) und dem Einsatz (2) hergestellt sind, mit dem Düsenteil (6) des Einsatzes (2) verbunden sind und axial davon vorragen. 4. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) nach Anspruch 3, wobei der Düsenring (38) Öffnungen definiert, die erste Endteile der Abstandsstücke (62) aufnehmen.. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) nach Anspruch 4, wobei jedes der Abstandsstücke (62) eine erste Schulter (62s) aufweist, gegen die eine Seite des Düsenrings (38) anstößt, wenn der erste Endteil des Abstandsstücks (62) in einer der Öffnungen aufgenommen wird, wobei die Schultern (62s) den axialen Abstand zwischen dem Düsenring (38) und dem Düsenteil (6) des Einsatzes (2) begrenzen. 6. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) nach Anspruch, wobei der Düsenteil (6) des Einsatzes (2) Öffnungen definiert, die gegenüberliegende zweite Endteile der Abstandsstücke (62) aufnehmen, wobei jedes der Abstandsstücke (62) eine zweite Schulter (62s) aufweist, die an eine Seite des Düsenteils (6) anstößt, wenn der zweite Endteil in einer der Öffnungen des Düsenteils (6) aufgenommen wird. 7. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Haltering (64) eine in Axialrichtung weisende Fläche aufweist, die eine gegenüberliegende, in Axialrichtung weisende Fläche des Düsenrings (38) entlang einem vollen Umfang von 360 in Eingriff nimmt, um eine Grenzfläche zwischen dem Haltering (64) und dem Düsenring (38) im Wesentlichen abzudichten. 8. Verstelldüsenturbinenpatrone (0) nach Anspruch 1, die in einem Turbolader installiert ist, wobei der Turbolader Folgendes umfasst: eine Turbinenanordnung mit einem Turbinengehäuse (24) und einem in dem Turbinengehäuse (24) angebrachten Turbinenrad (22), das mit einer drehbaren Welle (18) zur Drehung damit verbunden ist, wobei das Turbinengehäuse (24) eine Kammer (26) definiert, die das Turbinenrad (22) zum Empfang von Abgas von einem Motor und zur Zuführung des Abgases zu dem Turbinenrad (22) umgibt, wobei die Turbinenanordnung eine Düse (28) definiert, die von der Kammer (26) allgemein radial nach innen zu dem Turbinenrad (22) führt, wobei das Turbinengehäuse (24) weiterhin eine sich axial erstreckende Bohrung (32a) definiert, durch die Abgas nach dem Durchströmen des Turbinenrads (22) abgeführt wird; eine Verdichteranordnung, die ein Verdichtergehäuse (16) und ein in dem Verdichtergehäuse (16) angebrachtes Verdichterrad (14) umfasst, 7

8 13 EP B2 14 das mit der drehbaren Welle (18) zur Drehung damit verbunden ist; und ein mittleres Gehäuse (), das zwischen dem Verdichtergehäuse (16) und dem Turbinengehäuse (24) verbunden ist; wobei die Patrone (0) zwischen dem mittleren Gehäuse () und dem Turbinengehäuse (24) verbunden ist, wobei der röhrenförmige Teil (4) des Einsatzes (2) abdichtend in der Bohrung (32a) des Turbinengehäuses (24) aufgenommen wird und wobei der Haltering (64) an dem mittleren Gehäuse () befestigt ist, um den Düsenring (38) zwischen dem Haltering (64) und dem mittleren Gehäuse () zu ergreifen, wobei der Düsenring (38) eine radial äußere Fläche (74) aufweist, die zu einer radial inneren Fläche (72) des Halterings (64) weist, und wobei ein radialer Spalt zwischen der radial äußeren Fläche (74) des Düsenrings (38) und der radial inneren Fläche (72) des Halterings (64) definiert wird, wobei der radiale Spalt eine radiale Verschiebung des Düsenrings (38) bezüglich des Halterings (64) gestattet. 9. Turbolader nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Turbinengehäuse (24) so an dem mittleren Gehäuse () befestigt ist, dass zwischen dem Turbinengehäuse (24) und dem Haltering (64) ein Spalt definiert wird, wobei der Spalt eine Entkopplung zwischen dem Turbinengehäuse (24) und dem Haltering (64) gewährleistet.. Turbolader nach Anspruch 8, der weiterhin mindestens einen Dichtungsring (8) umfasst, der zwischen dem röhrenförmigen Teil (4) des Einsatzes (2) und dem Turbinengehäuse (24) angeordnet ist. 11. Turbolader nach Anspruch, wobei der mindestens eine Dichtungsring (8) in einer in einer radial äußeren Fläche des röhrenförmigen Teils (4) des Einsatzes (2) ausgebildeten Nut festgehalten wird. 12. Turbolader nach Anspruch 11, wobei der mindestens eine Dichtungsring (8) die äußere Fläche des röhrenförmigen Teils (4) des Einsatzes (2) von einer gegenüberliegenden inneren Fläche des Turbinengehäuses (24) beabstandet, um den Einsatz (2) von dem Turbinengehäuse (24) im Wesentlichen zu entkoppeln. 13. Turbolader nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Abstandsstücke (62) getrennt von dem Düsenring (38) und dem Einsatz (2) hergestellt sind. 14. Turbolader nach Anspruch 13, wobei der Düsenring (38) Öffnungen definiert, die erste Endteile der Abstandsstücke (62) aufnehmen Turbolader nach Anspruch 14, wobei jedes der Abstandsstücke (62) eine erste Schulter (62s) aufweist, gegen die eine Seite des Düsenrings (38) anstößt, wenn der erste Endteil des Abstandsstücks (62) in einer der Öffnungen aufgenommen wird, wobei die Schultern (62s) den axialen Abstand zwischen dem Düsenring (38) und dem Düsenteil (6) des Einsatzes (2) begrenzen. 16. Turbolader nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Düsenteil (6) des Einsatzes (2) Öffnungen definiert, die gegenüberliegende zweite Endteile der Abstandsstücke (62) aufnehmen, wobei jedes der Abstandsstücke (62) eine zweite Schulter (62s) aufweist, die an eine Seite des Düsenteils (6) anstößt, wenn der zweite Endteil in einer der Öffnungen des Düsenteils (6) aufgenommen wird. 17. Turbolader nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Haltering (64) eine in Axialrichtung weisende Fläche aufweist, die eine gegenüberliegende, in Axialrichtung weisende Fläche des Düsenrings (38) entlang einem vollen Umfang von 360 in Eingriff nimmt, um eine Grenzfläche zwischen dem Haltering (64) und dem Düsenring (38) im Wesentlichen abzudichten. Revendications 1. Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable pour une turbine à tuyère variable, la cartouche (0) comprenant un assemblage constitué des éléments suivants : une bague de tuyère généralement annulaire (38) et un ensemble d ailettes (34) espacées circonférentiellement autour de la bague de tuyère (38), chaque ailette (34) étant montée à rotation sur la bague de tuyère (38) et étant connectée à une bague d actionneur rotative (42) de telle sorte que la rotation de la bague d actionneur (42) par rapport à la bague de tuyère (38) fasse tourner les ailettes (34) pour réguler l écoulement de gaz d échappement à travers l ensemble d ailettes (34) ; un insert (2) ayant une portion tubulaire (4) structurée et agencée de manière à être reçue de manière étanche dans un alésage (32a) d un carter de turbine (24) et ayant une portion de tuyère (6) s étendant généralement radialement vers l extérieur depuis une extrémité de la portion tubulaire (4), la portion de tuyère (6) étant axialement espacée de la bague de tuyère (38) de telle sorte que les ailettes (34) s étendent entre la bague de tuyère (38) et la portion de tuyère (6) ; une pluralité d éléments d espacement (62) connectés entre la portion de tuyère (6) de l insert (2) et la bague de tuyère (38) pour fixer la ba- 8

9 1 EP B2 16 gue de tuyère (38) à l insert et pour maintenir un espacement axial entre la portion de tuyère (6) de l insert (2) et la bague de tuyère (38) ; et une bague de retenue généralement annulaire (64) structurée et agencée de manière à être attachée à un carter central () du turbocompresseur de telle manière que la bague de tuyère (38) soit capturée entre la bague de retenue (64) et le carter central (), caractérisée en ce que : la bague de retenue (64) est formée en tant que pièce séparée de l insert (2) et est désaccouplée mécaniquement et thermiquement de l insert (2), dans laquelle la bague de tuyère (38) comporte une surface radialement externe (74) en face d une surface radialement interne (72) de la bague de retenue (64) et dans laquelle un espace radial est défini entre la surface radialement externe (74) de la bague de tuyère (38) et la surface radialement interne (72) de la bague de retenue (64), l espace radial permettant un déplacement radial de la bague de tuyère (38) par rapport à la bague de retenue (64). 2. Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre au moins une bague d étanchéité (8) retenue dans une gorge formée dans une surface radialement externe de la portion tubulaire de l insert (2) pour réaliser l étanchéité contre une surface d un alésage (32a) d un carter de turbine (24). 3. Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les éléments d espacement (62) sont formés séparément de la bague de tuyère (38) et de l insert (2) et sont réunis à la portion de tuyère (6) de l insert (2) et font saillie axialement depuis celle-ci. 4. Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle la bague de tuyère (38) définit des ouvertures qui reçoivent des premières portions d extrémité des éléments d espacement (62).. Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle chacun des éléments d espacement (62) a un premier épaulement (62s) contre lequel vient buter une face de la bague de tuyère (38) lorsque la première portion d extrémité de l élément d espacement (62) est reçue dans l une des ouvertures, les épaulements (62s) délimitant l espacement axial entre la bague de tuyère (38) et la portion de tuyère (6) de l insert (2) Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable selon la revendication, dans laquelle la portion de tuyère (6) de l insert (2) définit des ouvertures qui reçoivent des deuxièmes portions d extrémité opposées des éléments d espacement (62), chacun des éléments d espacement (62) ayant un deuxième épaulement (62s) qui bute contre une face de la portion de tuyère (6) lorsque la deuxième portion d extrémité est reçue dans l une des ouvertures de la portion de tuyère (6). 7. Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la bague de retenue (64) a une surface tournée axialement qui s engage avec une surface opposée tournée axialement de la bague de tuyère (38) le long d une circonférence complète de 360 de manière à sceller substantiellement une interface entre la bague de retenue (64) et la bague de tuyère (38). 8. Cartouche (0) de turbine à tuyère variable selon la revendication 1, installée dans un turbocompresseur, le turbocompresseur comprenant : un assemblage de turbine comprenant un carter de turbine (24) et une roue de turbine (22) montée dans le carter de turbine (24) et connectée à un arbre rotatif (18) en vue de tourner avec lui, le carter de turbine (24) définissant une chambre (26) entourant la roue de turbine (22) pour recevoir les gaz d échappement provenant d un moteur et pour alimenter en gaz d échappement la roue de turbine (22), l ensemble de turbine définissant une tuyère (28) conduisant depuis la chambre (26) généralement radialement vers l intérieur jusqu à la roue de turbine (22), le carter de turbine (24) définissant en outre un alésage s étendant axialement (32a) à travers lequel les gaz d échappement sont déchargés après avoir traversé la roue de turbine (22) ; un ensemble de compresseur comprenant un carter de compresseur (16) et une roue de compresseur (14) montée dans le carter de compresseur (16) et connectée à l arbre rotatif (18) en vue de tourner avec lui ; et un carter central () connecté entre le carter de compresseur (16) et le carter de turbine (24) ; la cartouche (0) étant connectée entre le carter central () et le carter de turbine (24), avec la portion tubulaire (4) de l insert (2) reçue de manière hermétique dans l alésage (32a) du carter de turbine (24), et avec la bague de retenue (64) attachée au carter central () de manière à ce que la bague de tuyère (38) soit capturée entre la bague de retenue (64) et le carter central (), dans laquelle la bague de tuyère (38) comporte une surface radialement externe (74) en face d une surface radialement interne (72) de la bague de retenue (64) et dans laquelle un espace radial est défini entre la surface radiale- 9

10 17 EP B2 18 ment externe (74) de la bague de tuyère (38) et la surface radialement interne (72) de la bague de retenue (64), l espace radial permettant un déplacement radial de la bague de tuyère (38) par rapport à la bague de retenue (64). 9. Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le carter de turbine (24) est attaché au carter central () de manière à ce qu un espace soit défini entre le carter de turbine (24) et la bague de retenue (64), l espace fournissant un désaccouplement entre le carter de turbine (24) et la bague de retenue (64). deuxième portion d extrémité est reçue dans l une des ouvertures de la portion de tuyère (6). 17. Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 8, dans lequel la bague de retenue (64) a une surface tournée axialement qui s engage avec une surface opposée tournée axialement de la bague de tuyère (38) le long d une circonférence complète de 360 de manière à sceller substantiellement une interface entre la bague de retenue (64) et la bague de tuyère (38).. Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 8, comprenant en outre au moins une bague d étanchéité (8) disposée entre la portion tubulaire (4) de l insert (2) et le carter de turbine (24) Turbocompresseur selon la revendication, dans lequel l au moins une bague d étanchéité (8) est retenue dans une gorge formée dans une surface radialement externe de la portion tubulaire (4) de l insert (2). 12. Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l au moins une bague d étanchéité (8) espace la surface externe de la portion tubulaire (4) de l insert (2) d une surface interne opposée du carter de turbine (24) de manière à désaccoupler substantiellement l insert (2) du carter de turbine (24) Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 8, dans lequel les éléments d espacement (62) sont formés séparément de la bague de tuyère (38) et de l insert (2) Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la bague de tuyère (38) définit des ouvertures qui reçoivent des premières portions d extrémité des éléments d espacement (62). 1. Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 14, dans lequel chacun des éléments d espacement (62) a un premier épaulement (62s) contre lequel vient buter une face de la bague de tuyère (38) lorsque la première portion d extrémité de l élément d espacement (62) est reçue dans l une des ouvertures, les épaulements (62s) délimitant l espacement axial entre la bague de tuyère (38) et la portion de tuyère (6) de l insert (2) Turbocompresseur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la portion de tuyère (6) de l insert (2) définit des ouvertures qui reçoivent des deuxièmes portions d extrémité opposées des éléments d espacement (62), chacun des éléments d espacement (62) ayant un deuxième épaulement (62s) qui bute contre une face de la portion de tuyère (6) lorsque la

11 EP B2 11

12 EP B2 REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader s convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard. Patent documents cited in the description EP 1432 A1 [0019] 12