HEATING OF THE INDUCTION MOTOR ROTOR WITH DAMAGED SQUIRREL-CAGE

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1 Prace Naukowe Instytutu Maszyn, Napędów i Pomiarów Elektrycznych Nr 63 Politechniki Wrocławskiej Nr 63 Studia i Materiały Nr Ludwik ANTAL*, Maciej ANTAL** induction motors, broken rotor bars, heating HEATING OF THE INDUCTION MOTOR ROTOR WITH DAMAGED SQUIRREL-CAGE The work presented calculation results of a small power (1.5 kw) squirrel cage motor warm-up. Computation was realized with normal load. There is two models: one with non-damaged rotor and second one with three broken rotor bars. Calculation of coupling transient magneto-thermal field was realized with two-dimensional field-circuit motor model. There is a linear temperature characteristic of aluminum resistivity in squirrel cage, and a linear temperature characteristic of a thermal parameters in squirrel cage and core. Heating characteristic of motor with non-damaged rotor and another one with three broken rotor bars was compared. Heat distribution in rotor was investigated in both situation, in thermal transient state and after its. 1. INTRODUCTION The work presents calculation results of small power (1.5 kw) squirrel cage, induction motor rotor warm up. Two models were realized: first with undamaged rotor and second with three broken rotor bars. Computations were realized for the motors at nominal load. Problem was described by coupling between magneto harmonic field of eddy currents and transient thermal field. Calculations of coupling transient magneto thermal field were realized with two dimensional field circuit motor model (fig. 1). Calculations results for motor with undamaged rotor and motor with three broken rotor bars was compared for identify thermal effect of rotor failure. * Politechnika Wrocławska, Instytut Maszyn, Napędów i Pomiarów Elektrycznych, Wrocław ul. Smoluchowskiego 19, ludwik.antal@pwr.wroc.pl, ** Dolnośląska Fabryka Maszy Elektrycznych, Wrocław, ul. Fabryczna 10, maciej.antal@dfme.pl

2 85 Fig. 1. Field-circuit model of squirrel-cage motor: 1 - stator, 2 - rotor, 3 rotating air-gap, 4 - external air region, 5 - shaft 2. COUPLING MAGNETO THERMAL FIELD Simulation of induction motor rotor warm-up was made with use FLUX 8.10 magneto-thermal module [1, 2]. Model assumed linear dependence of electric and thermal parameters of squirrel cage and thermal parameters of rotor lamination from temperature. Magneto-dynamic computation (calculations of magneto-harmonic field with rotor rotary motion) demand a constant rotational speed. For undamaged motor constant rotational speed was assumed as nominal speed (1410 rpm). Torque for this speed value (nominal for undamaged motor and lower than nominal for motor with broken bars) change with temperature variations because of rotor cage resistivity change during warm-up. Lower than nominal value of torque for motor with damaged rotor also come from failure changes of torque and current characteristic (fig. 2). Magnetothermal computation for constant nominal torque of motor with three broken rotor bars demand lower than nominal rotational speed. Rotational speed for damaged motor (1397 rpm) come from static characteristics (fig. 2) is too low and can t guaranteed its nominal load at thermal steady state. Comparison of torque variations during warm-up for undamaged motor and damaged motor working with different constant speeds show that constant speed of 1392 rpm guaranteed nominal load at thermal steady state for motor with three broken rotor bars (fig. 3).

3 86 Next results are calculated for constant nominal rotational speed (1410 rpm) for undamaged motor and speed 1392 rpm for motor with three broken rotor bars. 30 torque [Nm], current [A] torque stator current 0 1 0,8 0,6 slip 0,4 0,2 0 Fig. 2. Torque and current characteristics of a motor with broken rotor bars (dashed lines) and of an undamaged motor 12,0 11,5 11,0 undamaged rotor rpm, 10,28 Nm damaged rotor rpm, 10,24 Nm torque [Nm] 10,5 10,0 9,5 9, time [min] Fig. 3. Torque variations of motors working with constant rotational speed versus warm-up time 3. CALCULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS RESULTS Magneto-thermal computations gave heating curves of undamaged motor rotor and rotor with three broken rotor bars (fig. 4). Computations were realized for constant rotational speed (1410 rpm for undamaged motor, 1392 rpm for damaged motor) cor-

4 87 responding to constant nominal load. Figure 4 also shows measured heating curves of both rotors. Temperature measurements were done with use infrared thermometers fixed in motor cap plate (fig. 5) temperature [deg C] damaged rotor - calculation damaged rotor - measurement undamaged rotor - calculation undamaged rotor - measurement time [min] Fig. 4. Heating curve of damaged and undamaged motor rotors Fig. 5. Infrared thermometers use to measurement of rotor temperature It is possible to determine temperature distribution in rotor cross-section at any moment of above three hours warm-up. Examples of rotor temperature distribution in thermal steady state (t = 200 min) for both, damaged and undamaged motors show on figures 6 and 7. Comparison of temperature field in different moments of warm-up process show heat spread direction. In damaged motor temperature distribution is irregular but maximum difference of temperature is about 1 deg C. Temperature differences in undamaged motor are similar.

5 88 Fig. 6. Rotor temperature distribution of an undamaged motor (time = 200 min) Fig. 7. Rotor temperature distribution of a motor with three broken rotor bars (time = 200 min) 4. CONCLUSIONS Calculations results show that rotor of motor with three broken rotor bars working with nominal load have 13,5 deg C higher steady temperature than undamaged motor. The higher temperature is in bars situated at opposite site from rotor damaged place. Computed and measured heating curves are similar in temperature steady state. There

6 89 are some differences in heatup rate between measurements and computations which can come from calculations assumptions. Computations assumed linear dependence of electric and thermal properties from temperature. Measurements results shows that these properties aren t linear. REFERENCES [1] FLUX 8.10 User s guide, Cedrat, MEYLAN Cedex, June 2003 [2] FLUX D Application. Induction heating tutorial, Cedrat, MEYLAN Cedex, December 2003

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