Unit 10 Measuring Instruments

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2 Objectives: Unit 10 Discuss the operation of a d Arsonval meter movement. Connect a voltmeter to a circuit. Read an analog multimeter. Connect an ammeter. Measure resistance using an ohmmeter.

3 Analog meters are characterized by the fact that they use a pointer and scale to indicate their value. One of the common types of meters uses the d Arsonval type of meter movement. Analog meters use a moving coil placed between the poles of a magnet.

4 Basic d Arsonval meter movement.

5 Basic d Arsonval meter movement with rectifier to change AC voltage to DC voltage.

6 The voltmeter is designed to be connected directly across the source of power.

7 Reading an analog meter is similar to reading a speedometer or fuel gauge.

8 The ammeter is used to measure current and must be connected in series with the load to permit the load to limit the current flow.

9 A shunt is used to set the value of the ammeter.

10 Many electricians use the clamp-on type of AC ammeter. Please note the clamp-on ammeter reads only one conductor at a time.

11 Ohmmeters The ohmmeter is used to measure resistance. There are two basic types: analog or digital. The common VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter) contains an ohmmeter. An ohmmeter should always be readjusted to zero when the scale is changed.

12 Digital Ohmmeters Digital ohmmeters display the resistance in figures instead of using a meter movement. They operate by measuring the voltage drop across a resistor. The ohmmeter, whether digital or analog, must never be connected to a circuit when the power is turned on!

13 Digital Ohmmeter

14 Digital Voltmeter

15 Low-impedance Voltage Tester The low-impedance voltage tester has a very large current draw compared to other types of voltmeters and should never be used to test low-power circuits.

16 Low-impedance Voltage Tester This tester has an impedance of 5000 Ω and can generally be used to measure voltages as high as 600 V.

17 Low-impedance Voltage Tester This is also known as a solenoid type tester. This tester is not susceptible to giving the misleading voltage readings caused by highimpedance ground paths or feedback voltages.

18 Low-impedance Voltage Tester High-impedance ground paths can produce misleading voltage readings.

19 Low-impedance Voltage Tester

20 Reading a Digital Meter Many digital meters are auto-ranging, which means that they select the range scale automatically. This type will display a notation beside the numerical digits to indicate the meter scale.

21 Review: 1. The d Arsonval movement is one of the common types of meters. 2. The d Arsonval movement operates only on DC currents or rectified AC current. 3. Voltmeters have a high resistance and are designed to be connected directly across the power line.

22 Review: 4. Ammeters have a low resistance and must be connected in series with a load. 5. Shunts are used to change the value of DC ammeters. 6. Clamp-on ammeters read only one conductor at a time.

23 Review: Unit Ohmmeters are used to measure the resistance in a circuit. 8. There are two basic types of Ohmmeters: analog and digital. 9. Ohmmeters must never be connected to a circuit that has power applied to it.

24 Review: 10. Digital multimeters display their value in digits instead of using a meter movement. 11. Digital ohmmeters measure resistance by measuring the voltage drop across an unknown resistor when a known amount of current flows through it.

25 Review: 12. Low-impedance voltage testers (solenoid type) are not susceptible to indicating a negligible voltage caused by a highimpedance ground or feedback.

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