Rotate tires according to manufacturer's recommendations. (P-1) Reinstall wheel; torque lug nuts. (P-1)

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1 JOB SHEET 8 Rotating Tires Name: Station: Date: NATEF Correlation This Job Sheet addresses the following NATEF task(s): 4.F.3 4.F.8 Rotate tires according to manufacturer's recommendations. (P-1) Reinstall wheel; torque lug nuts. (P-1) Performance Objective(s) Upon completion of this Job Sheet, you will be able to use common air tools to remove wheels from a vehicle, rotate them according to the manufacturer's recommendation, and reinstall them using a torque wrench and the manufacturer's approved torque sequence. Tools and Materials Service manual Vehicle Hoist Air impact gun Impact socket set Torque wrench Protective Clothing/Equipment Goggles or safety glasses with side shields Describe the vehicle being worked on: Year Make Model VIN Engine type and size PROCEDURE 1. Using the owner's manual or the service manual as a guide, describe the manufacturer's recommendation for rotating tires (include the mileage suggestion and any other relevant information). Note: If the service manual does not specify a certain tire rotation method/placement, then describe the best choice for the vehicle you are working on. 35

2 36 Job Sheet 8 Position the vehicle on the hoist chosen by your instructor and lift the vehicle to a comfortable working height for removing tires. Note: For specific directions on using a vehicle hoist, see fob Sheet #7. 3. Using the air impact gun and the correct size impact socket, remove all of the wheels from the vehicle. Note: Some technicians use a tire crayon to mark the position where the tires came off. Note: Wheels with a chrome or polished finish require care and attention not to scratch them!!! 4. Rotate the tires to their new positions according to the manufacturer's recommendations. 5. Find the air pressure recommendation in the service manual or information decal. Then check the air pressure in the tires and adjust them to what they should be. Front Actual Specification Rear Actual Specification When installing a wheel fastener use a cross-tightening sequence. Sometimes there is information on this in the service manual. Using the space below, draw the sequence (pattern) that you will be using. 7. Describe what could possibly happen if no sequence was used in tightening the wheel fasteners. 8. Start threading the lug nuts/bolts by hand. Then using the lowest torque setting on the air impact gun, install the lug nuts (or bolts) in a cross-tightening sequence. Warning: DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN THE WHEEL LUG FASTENER!

3 Job Sheet Lower the vehicle so that the tires are just touching the ground (do not let the vehicle down all the way). This is so that the tire does not tum when torquing the lug nuts/bolt and so that the vehicle's weight does not push the wheel out of place. 10. Prepare the torque wrench and a correct size socket. Torque each fastener to the manufacturer's specification in the same tightening sequence (pattern) used earlier. Problems Encountered INSTRUCTOR EVALUATION D 4 Mastered Task D 3 Able to Perform Task Independently; Some Additional Training Suggested D 2 Able to Perform Task with Close Supervision; Requires Additional Training D 1 Unable to Perform Task D 0 Not Attempted Comments Instructor Name: Date: InstructorSignature:

4 JOB SHEET 14 Basic Tire Inspection Name: Station: Date: NATEF Correlation This Job Sheet addresses the following NATEF task(s): N/A Performance Objective(s) Upon completion of this Job Sheet, you will be able to inspect tires for normal and irregular tread wear. Tools and Materials Service manual Vehicle Tread depth gauge Tire pressure gauge Air chuck Thick mechanic's-style gloves Protective Clothing/Equipment Goggles or safety glasses with side shields Describe the vehicle being worked on: Year Make Model VIN Engine type and size PROCEDURE 1. Record the tire size of all four tires. LF = LR = RF = RR = 56

5 Job Sheet Record the cold tire pressure of all four tires. LF = LR = RF = RR = Figure The scale pops out of the gauge to show the tire pressure. 3. Record the tread depth of all four tires by taking measurements on the inside, center, and outside tread sections of all four tires. Outside Center Inside Inside Center Tire Tread Tread Tread Tire Tread Tread Depth Depth Depth Depth Depth Outside Tread Depth LF LR RF RR 4. Do any of the pressure or tread depth readings indicate a problem? 5. Locate the tire tread wear indicators. Are any of the tires worn down to this part? Figure 14.3 Tread wear indicators on a tire in need of replacement.

6 58 Job Sheet Adjust the tire pressures to meet the manufacturer's recommendations. Note: Make sure to check the tire pressure when the tire is cold. 7. With the thick mechanic's-style gloves on, run your hand over the tread of each tire. Does the tire tread feel smooth? 8. Do any of your measurements and findings indicate a possible incorrect alignment? 9. Based on your findings, make a recommendation for an action that needs to be taken. Problems Encountered INSTRUCTOR EVALUATION D 4 Mastered Task D 3 Able to Perform Task Independently; Some Additional Training Suggested D 2 Able to Perform Task with Close Supervision; Requires Additional Training D 1 Unable to Perform Task D 0 Not Attempted Comments Instructor Name: Date: Instructor Signature:

7 JOB SHEET 175 Diagnosing Tire Wear Patterns Name: Station: Date: NATEF Correlation This Job Sheet addresses the following NATEF task(s): 4.F.l Identify tire condition; identify tire wear patterns; check and adjust air pressure; determine necessary action. (P-1) Performance Objective(s) Upon completion of this Job Sheet, you will be able to properly diagnose tire wear patterns. Tools and Materials Service manual Air pressure gauge Tread depth gauge Protective Clothing/Equipment Goggles or safety glasses with side shields Describe the vehicle being worked on: Year Make Model VIN Engine type and size PROCEDURE 1. Record the size of each tire. Right Front Lett Front Right Rear Lett Rear 2. Is this the correct size of tire for this vehicle? 644

8 Job Sheet Explain how having different tire sizes can affect driveability. Rim diameter in inches Radial construction 1 -/ Load index and speed symbol Height-to-width ratio (aspect ratio)\ ;... Normal width in millimeters>(\&\'\"\s \ 9S/f ~ Passenger car tire-- ~ 4,#"'"'"_, x eo,._ ~~Severe snow conditions Maximum permissible inflation pressure ~ it-' <5'0~~ ~ \ "' ~ ~ (' ~ ~ b o 'ff, ~ Tire ply composition 2 and materials used & A.~q, i~ ~ C'._,: ~ ~ <~'&,..o",4~ "''&.,.,o ~ ~"'>~~ Maximum load rating Figure Information found on a typical passenger tire sidewall. Treadwear, traction, and temperature grades 4. Record the tire pressure (cold). Right Front Left Front Right Rear Left Rear 5. What is the correct pressure for this vehicle? 6. Where did you find the data for the correct tire pressure? 7. What is the maximum pressure for these tires (found on the tire itself)?

9 S4S Job Sheet Record the speed/load rating for each tire. Right Front Left Front Right Rear Left Rear 9. What is the correct speed/load rating for this vehicle? 10. Explain how having different tire speed/load ratings can affect ride quality. 11. Does the vehicle you are working on have a tire pressure monitoring system? 12. Are the tires rated as "all season"? Snowflake on the mountain symbol Mud and snow Figure This winter-rated tire has a snowflake symbol showing it is designed for d riving in snow.

10 13. Record the DOT numbers for each tire. Right Front Left Front Right Rear Job Sheet Left Rear Figure A tire's serial number is usually found on the inside of the tire. 14. Were the DOT numbers for each tire found on the inside or outside? 15. What are the name brand and model of each tire? Right Front Left Front Right Rear Left Rear 16. Explain how having different tire brands can lead to vehicle pull and irregular tire wear.

11 648 Job Sheet What are the UTQG ratings for each tire? Item Treadwear Traction Temperature Right Front Left Front Right Rear Left Rear 18. Are the tires directional? If yes, are they facing the correct direction? Figure Uniform Tire Quality Grade (UTQG) markings on a tire sidewall. Figure Some tires are directional and must be kept on the same side of the vehicle during tire rotation.

12 Job Sheet Record the tread depth of all four tires by taking measurements on the inside, center, and outside tread sections of all four tires. Outside Center Inside Inside Center Outside Tread Tread Tread Tread Tread Tread Tire Depth Depth Depth Tire Depth Depth Depth LF LR RF RR 20. Inspect each tire for the following items. Item Right Front Left Front Right Rear Left Rear Sidewall Bulges Wheel Damage Tread Missing Inside Edge Feathering Outside Edge Feathering Cupping 21. Are the tire wear patterns indicative of a pressure or alignment issue? 22. Do the tire tread wear patterns show a need for a suspension, steering, or alignment inspection? 23. Based on your inspection and data, what service recommendations should you make concerning the tires? Problems Encountered

13 650 Job Sheet 175.INSTRUCTOR EVALUATION D 4 Mastered Task D 3 Able to Perform Task Independently; Some Additional Training Suggested D 2 Able to Perform Task with Close Supervision; Requires Additional Training D 1 Unable to Perform Task D 0 Not Attempted Comments Instructor Name: Date: Instructor Signature:

14 JOB SHEET 176 Tire Repair Name: Station: Date: NATEF Correlation This job Sheet addresses the following NATEF task(s): 4.F.6 4.F.9 4.F.10 Dismount, inspect, and remount tire on wheel; balance wheel and tire assembly (static and dynamic). (P-1) Inspect tire and wheel assembly for air loss; perform necessary action. (P-1) Repair tire using internal patch. (P-1) Performance Objective(s) Upon completion of this Job Sheet, you will be able to properly dismount, inspect, repair, and remount a tire. Note: A tire and wheel assembly should be balanced after it has been dismounted. Refer to Job Sheet #177 for instructions on balancing. Tools and Materials Service manual Tire machine and equipment Wheel balancer and equipment Torque wrench Patch and tire repair equipment Protective Clothing/Equipment Goggles or safety glasses with side shields Describe the vehicle being worked on: Year Make Model VIN Engine type and size PROCEDURE Note: Before starting the task you should review job Sheet # Describe the tire machine that you will be using. Include the name of the manufacturer, the model number, and the style. 651

15 652 Job Sheet 176 Hoist the vehicle in the air and remove the wheels. 3. Visually inspect the tire for nails, cuts, and foreign objects. 4. Visually inspect the tire for tread, bruises, bulges, and separation. If the tire is safe, inflate it to the maximum pressure as stated on the sidewall of the tire. Task Completed 5. Dip the tire into the water tank and check for leaks. Figure Check for bubbles at the water line as you spin the tire slowly in the tank. 6. Did you find any leaks? 7. Describe where the leak is. 8. If the leak (or tire damage) is located in the crown of the tire, it can be repaired. If it is located anywhere else, including the tread shoulders or sidewall, it cannot be repair and the tire must be discarded. Task Completed Figure Repairs ore usually made only to the crown area.

16 Job Sheet 176 &53 9. Does the vehicle have a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS)? Note: If the vehicle has a TPMS, you should refer to the service manual for directions on tire removal and service. 10. Remove the wheel weights. 11. Deflate the tire by either removing the valve stem or removing the core from the valve stem. Task Completed Figure A tool for removing and replacing valve cores. 12. Place the tire/wheel assembly on the tire machine so that the shoe can move in and "break" the bead of the tire (this means breaking the bead loose from the wheel). Position the tire so that the valve stem is opposite from the machine's shoe. Note: This step will be different on different types of tire r:zachines. Warning: Do not place aluminum or custom wheels on the machine without the protective adapters. Damage (either cosmetic or structural) may occur otherwise. Figure Breaking the bead using a tire changer..

17 654 Job Sheet 176 Figure Hydraulic bead rollers break the bead seat on the top (a) and bottom (b). 13. After breaking the beads on both sides of the tire, mount the tire in the position needed to remove the outer bead of the assembly. Note: Some vehicles have a different drop center designed wheel. In these cases you will have to remove the inner bead first. Ask your instructor or refer to the service manual.

18 14. Use a tire iron to pull the top bead over the edge of the rim. Job Sheet Figure A tire iron is used to pull the top bead over the edge of the rim. Be sure that the other side of the tire bead is in the drop center of the wheel. 15. Move the tire slightly above the drop center of the wheel and continue to remove the bottom bead so that the tire is completely removed from the wheel. Note: If the vehicle has a TPMS, be careful not to damage the TPMS unit. After removing the first bead, check for the location of the unit. Task Completed Faceplate Spring Retaining drum \ Hub nut Figure Recommended computer balancer mounting arrangement for hut:rcentric wheels. 16. After removing the tire from the wheel, inspect the wheel for cracks, bends, and damage. If the bead area of the wheel is rusty or corroded clean it with a steel brush.

19 656 Job Sheet Inspect the edge of the tire. Was the tire damaged by low pressure, cuts, or nails? 18. Is the tire repairable or reusable? Figure (a) A rim bruise break is caused by impact against something like a curb or pothole. (b) This damage was caused by driving for a short distance on a severely underinflated tire.

20 Job Sheet If the tire is being repaired because it has a hole in it, remove the foreign object and clean the area where the plug/patch will go on the inside of the tire. Task Completed Figure Use rubber cleaning solvent and a scraper to clean the tire liner. 20. Buff the area where the patch will go. Figure Buff the area where the patch will be installed. 21. Ream the hole out using the correct sized reamer. Figure Ream the hole to remove metal burrs from the belts.

21 658 Job Sheet Apply vulcanizing cement to the buffed area. Figure Apply vulcanizing cement to the buffed area where the patch is to be installed. 23. Insert the plug/patch into the hold and use the stitcher to seat the patch to the tire casing. Task Completed Figure Use the stitcher to seat the patch to the tire casing. 24. Cut off the plug stem flush with the tread surface or the tire. Figure Cut the plug off flush with the tread surface.

22 25. Lubricate the tire bead and prepare it to go back on the wheel. Job Sheet Figure Lubricate both tire beads with an appropriate rubber lubricant. 26. Check the orientation of the tire directional mounting. Use the other tires and their orientation to match it up to. Note: If identifying the tire's orientation is difficult, use the DOT numbers. They are only on one side. 27. Use the tire machine clamp to mount the inner (lower) tire bead. 28. After moving the top bead partially in place, position the upper bead so that the bead is below the drop center. Task Completed Diagonal mounting distance Wide bead ledge Figure The bead must be all the way past the edge of the narrow bead ledge or the diagonal mounting distance will not be sufficient to allow the bead to pass over the edge of the wheel.

23 660 Job Sheet Check to see that both beads are seated properly. Do this by rotating the tire back and forth on the wheel a few times. Task Completed 30. Inflate the tire by pressing down on the air valve. Do not use more than 40 psi to seat the bead. Warning: DO NOT STAND DIRECTLY ABOVE THE TIRE WffiLE IT IS INFLATING! Apply rubber lubricant to both upperandlowerbeads High pressure through tire valve required to ensure sufficient flow on difficult tires ~~=~::=iii!iii:... Air inflation jets Usually the last to "pop" is the top bead Visually confirm bead seating WARNING Do not stand over tire ~ during inflation ~ c ~ g. ~ l) Figure Hold the tire against the top bead seat and use the air jets to seal the bottom 31. Check the bead on both sides of the tire to make sure that they are seated properly. 32. Balance the wheel and tire assembly (use Job Sheet #177 as reference). 33. Remount the wheel back on the vehicle. Problems Encountered

24 Job Sheet INSTRUCTOR EVALUATION 0 4 Mastered Task 0 3 Able to Perform Task Independently; Some Additional Training Suggested 0 2 Able to Perform Task with Close Supervision; Requires Additional Training 0 1 Unable to Perform Task 0 0 Not Attempted Comments Instructor Name: Date: Instructor Signature:

25 Servicing and Diagn sing TPMS Name: Station: Date: NATEF Correlation This Job Sheet addresses the following NATEF task(s): 4.F.7 4.F.ll Dismount, inspect, and remount tire on wheel equipped with tire pressure monitoring system sensor. (P-2) Inspect, diagnose, and calibrate tire pressure monitoring system. (P-2) Performance Objective(s) Upon completion of this Job Sheet, you will be able to understand how to properly diagnose and test the tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) and how to dismount a tire from a wheel with TPMS. Tools and Materials Service manual Technician's tool set Scan tool Vehicle with TPMS TPMS resetting tool or magnet (if applicable) Protective Clothing/ Equipment Goggles or safety glasses with side shields Describe the vehicle being worked on: Year Make Model VIN Engine type and size PROCEDURE 1. Check the cold air pressure in all four tires. Record it below. LF = RF = LR = RR = 2. Compare those readings to what the manufacturer specifies. Is there a difference? , Cengage Learning, Inc. Licensed for one-time use by the purchaser only; no additional copyi ng or retransmission is permitted.

26 Job Sheet Do the pressure readings indicate that the warning light should be on? 4. Gain access to the service manual. Describe how this specific type of TPMS works. 5. Explain how the tire warning indicator light will illuminate (what conditions will set it). 6. Check the service manual for TSBs related to the TPMS. List and describe each below. 7. Connect the scan tool and check for and DTCs related to the TPMS. List any you found. 8. Does the scan tool show any data related to the TPMS? If yes, list it here. 9. Remove one of the wheels from the vehicle and bring it to the tire machine. 10. According to the service information, where is the sensor located? 11. Place the tire machine dismounting shoe on the opposite side of the sensor. If you do not know where the sensor is located, it is best to assume that it is mounted as part of the valve stem. 12. After breaking the bead, carefully dismount the tire with respect to the sensor. Be careful not to hit it with any of the tire machine tools.

27 642 Job Sheet Inspect the sensor. Describe what it looks like. 14. Remove the sensor and the rubber gaskets. Install new gaskets, seals, and a valve. 15. Reinstall the tire in the opposite manner in which you removed it. Use care not to damage the TPMS sensor. 16. Balance the tire as needed. 17. Reinstall the wheel on the vehicle and tighten it to manufacturer's specifications. 18. Resetting the system will depend on the type of system, scan tool, and other special tools you are using. Describe the method that you will have to use to reset the sensors (such as that used when rotating tires). Be specific with your answer. 19. What is the sequence of resetting the tires (which one first, last)? 20. Inflate the tires to the proper specification. 21. Begin resetting the system with the tool you have chosen. 22. Did the resetting (sometimes called relearning) process work? 23. Install the tool and rotate the piston so that it starts to retract and have just enough clearance to install the old brake pads or a new set. 24. Install the brake pads and move the caliper into position to check if there is enough clearance between the brake pads and rotors. There should be just a tiny air gap between the brake pads and rotors. 2012, Cengage Learning, Inc. Licensed for one-time use by the purchaser only; no additional copying or retransmission is permitted.

28 Job Sheet After adjusting the brake caliper accordingly, tighten all bolts and reinstall the wheels. 26. Tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer's specification. 27. Explain how moving the emergency brake adjusts the rear caliper piston. Problems Encountered INSTRUCTOR EVALUATION D D 4 Mastered Task D 3 Able to Perform Task Independently; Some Additional Training Suggested D 2 Able to Perform Task with Close Supervision; Requires Additional Training 1 Unable to Perform Task D 0 Not Attempted Comments Instructor Name: Date: Instructor Signature:

29 JOB SHEET 177 Wheel and Tire Vibration Diagnosis Name: Station: Date: NATEF Correlation This Job Sheet addresses the following NATEF task(s): 4.F.2 4.F.4 4.F.6 Diagnose wheel/tire vibration, shimmy, and noise; determine necessary action. (P-2) Measure wheel, tire, axle flange, and hub runout; determine necessary action. (P-2) Dismount, inspect, and remount tire on wheel; balance wheel and tire assembly (static and dynamic). (P-1) Performance Objective(s) Upon completion of this Job Sheet, you will be able to properly diagnose tire and wheel vibration issues. Tools and Materials Service manual Dial indicator Tire machine Wheel balancer and equipment Torque wrench Protective Clothing/Equipment Goggles or safety glasses with side shields Describe the vehicle being worked on: Year Make Model VIN Engine type and size 662

30 Job Sheet PROCEDURE Note: Before starting the task you should review Job Sheet # Hoist the vehicle in the air. Take a close look at the lug nuts. Do they appear to be flush and mounted correctly? Washer Correct length (a) Too long (b) Figure Lug nuts in cast aluminum wheels: (a) is correct, and (b) would allow the wheel to be loose. 2. Remove each wheel and all of the lug nuts. Are the wheel studs damaged? 3. Make any repairs to the wheel studs as needed. See Job Sheet #172 for wheel stud replacement. 4. Check the lug nut holes on the wheels. Are they damaged, rounded, or cracked? 5. Visually inspect the tires using some of the components from Job Sheet #175. Are any of the tires causing obvious balance issues? This may include tire tread separation, exposed steel cords, significant tire wear patterns, etc. 6. Reinstall the wheels and lug nuts. Make sure to torque each lug nut using the correct pattern. Four-lug wheel Five-lug wheel Six-lug wheel Figure Torque sequences for various wheel lug configurations.

31 664 Job Sheet 177 Figure Use a socket extension to provide clearance to the tire sidewall. 7. Verify that the tires and wheels are safe for a test-drive. Meet with your instructor before going on a test-drive. Instructor's Initials Test-drive the vehicle. Are there any vibrations between 20 and 40 mph? Note: You should always have a predetermined test route. This test route should have smooth road, be fairly level, and have enough room to obtain the speeds necessary. Always follow safety and traffic rules. 9. Are there any vibrations between 40 and 60 mph? 10. Are there any vibrations when you brake, accelerate, or turn? 11. Describe where you feel the vibrations the most. Is it in the steering wheel, seat, floor, etc. 12. Return the vehicle to the shop and place it on the hoist. Note: Try to place the vehicle on a drive-on alignment rack.

32 Job Sheet Using the portable jacks on the hoist, jack the car so the tires are off the rack. Place the dial indicator on the rack and set it up to record wheel run out. What is the amount of wheel run out with the wheel still installed on the vehicle? Note: Some wheel balancers can check the wheel and tire assembly runout. 14. Remove the wheels. Figure This wheel balancer detects wheel runout. 15. Do the wheels have tape or clamp weights on it (or both)? 16. Record the amount of weight added to the tire/wheel assembly before removing them. Location Right Front Left Front Right Rear Left Rear Inside Outside

33 &&& Job Sheet If the wheel has clamping weights on it, check if they are the right style. Weight clamp Light truck Aluminum wheel N ~ -~ "' 5 ~ Steel wheel Flush-mounted ~ wheel covers ~ Figure Wheel weights are installed on the wheel to counterbalance a tire. There are several styles for different applications. Figure Location of weights for static balance. 18. What are the name brand and model of the wheel balancer you are using? Figure A lug-centric adapter installed on a wheel balancer. It can be configured with three. four, or five adjustable arms.

34 Job Sheet Turn the wheel balancer on. According to the owner's manual, does the wheel balancer need to be calibrated first? 20. Is the wheel you are working with lug- or hub-centric? Note: If the wheel you are working on is lug-centric, you will need a special adapter for the wheel balancer. Not using this special adapter may be the cause of an imbalance. Figure The lug-centric adapter is held against the balancer mounting flange while retaining screws are installed and tightened. Adapter lug nuts Figure Special lug nuts hold the wheel against the lug-centric adapter.

35 668 Job Sheet Place one of the tire/wheel assemblies on the wheel balancer. 22. Perform the measurements of wheel size, width, and offset according to the machine's specific directions. Figure This measurement tells the computer where the wheel is located on the balancer shaft. Figure There can be stiffer or weaker areas of the tire when under load. 23. Close the safety hood and spin the tire. Was it off balance?

36 Job Sheet If the tire/wheel assembly was off balance, remove the weights and rebalance the wheel. Figure Remove wheel weights from the rim. 25. Perform this procedure for each tire. Were any of the other tires off balance? 26. Correctly balance each of the remaining tires. 27. Mount the dial indicator on each axle. Rotate the axle slowly and record runout. 28. Are the axles the cause of a vibration? 29. Do you think the wheel balance caused the vibration? If the answer is no, what service procedures or inspections do you recommend? 30. Reinstall the wheels and correctly torque the lug nuts to the torque specification. 31. If necessary, test-drive the vehicle again and check for vibrations using the same road, speed, and criteria you used earlier.

37 670 Job Sheet 177 ~ Problems Encountered INSTRUCTOR EVALUATION 0 4 Mastered Task 0 3 Able to Perform Task Independently; Some Additional Training Suggested 0 2 Able to Perform Task with Close Supervision; Requires Additional Training 0 1 Unable to Perform Task 0 0 Not Attempted Comments Instructor Name: Date: ~Instructor Signature:

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