Determination of The Efficiency of the Hydro-mechanical Differential Variator

Transcription

1 BIOSCIECES BIOTECOLOGY RESEARC ASIA, June 6. Vol. 3(, Determination of The Efficiency of the ydro-mechanical Differential Variator Ildar Ilgizarovich Salahov*, Ildus Rifovich Mavleev, Radi Fanisovich Ildarhanov and Eduard iolaevich Tsyunov aerezhnochelninsy Institute (ranch «Kazan Federal University», Russian Federation, 438, aerezhnye Chelny, pr.syuyumie, A. (Received: 7 Feruary 6; accepted: 9 April 6 The author has carried out the analysis of dynamic-coupled automatic transmissions and regarded the prospects of their application and development. ew design of continuously variale transmission ased on differential hydra-mechanical gear train was developed and covered y RF patents o985 and o Principles of wor performance for high-torque differential hydra-mechanical gear train ased on interoperation equaleness of moments opposing one another that are produced at the gear carrier owing to inner forces of differential stages as well as self-actuated pressure variation and hydraulic fluid consumption change when it comes through hydraulic pump and hydraulic actuator. Key words: ydra-mechanical gear train, continuously variale transmission, differential hydramechanical variator, mechanical diagram, high-torque differential hydra-mechanical variator. Mechanical losses are mainly those due to friction etween the parts of the machine woring ody. These losses depend on the difference in fluid pressure acting on the parts of the woring ody and the rotation speed of these parts. The largest part of the total numer of losses is accounted for the mechanical losses. So particular attention should e paid to their reduction,. Differential hydro-mechanical variator and principle of operation Differential hydro-mechanical variator is a comination of two mechanisms, namely- the reduction gearing unit and the gear hydraulic machine. The ratios changes of the mechanical and hydraulic power flow occur y the variator operation as part of the vehicle transmission. The variator will have the lowest efficiency factor at * To whom all correspondence should e addressed. iis_fu@mail.ru setting off, as in this case it will operate as a hydrostatic transmission, in which there occur volumetric, hydraulic and mechanical losses. With the rotation speed of the variator (carrier housing increase there happens the redistriution of power flow, and the loss ratio in the hydraulic power flow is reduced resulting in the increased overall efficiency of the variator, up to a value close to % at the variator rotation in self-latching mode (the machine operates as a shaft. Two parallel power flows shall e considered y determination of the overall variator efficiency. Energy losses in the hydraulic power flow consist of the mechanical, hydraulic and volumetric losses. Almost all these losses are converted into heat causing the heating of the machine parts and the woring fluid passing through its internal cavities 3, 4. The mechanical efficiency value of the hydraulic machine can e expressed in terms of dimensionless variales:

2 86 SALAEOV et al., Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia, Vol. 3(, (6 Δp мг ( ξ Δp...( Δp Δp Δp Δp м...( Δp ξ Δp ( where Δ p, Δ p the dimensionless pressure drops; ξ coefficient of resistance. ydraulic losses are made up of energy losses in the input and output cavities of the machine, at the entrance and exit of the variale woring ody. ydraulic losses are mainly local and losses and occur at any change in the shape or direction of the flow. The values of the hydraulic efficiency can e expressed in terms of dimensionless variales:...(3 г Δ...(4 p [ Δp ] where the criterion for ler; à è typical coefficients of hydraulic. Volume losses can e divided into losses due to leaages of liquid from the cavities with higher pressure into the cavities with low pressure, and losses due to incomplete filling of the woring chamers of the machine with fluid during the first phase of the woring cycle. The value of volumetric efficiency can e expressed in terms of dimensionless variales: ог a ( Δpг...(5 о a ( Δp...(6 where Δ p and г Δ p the dimensionless pressure drops at the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor. Overall efficiency of hydraulic machines: ;...(7 пг п мг м гг г ог....(8 о The parameters needed to determine the efficiency of hydraulic machines in the pump motor and hydraulic motor mode are summarized in Tale. гг Tale. The parameters for the calculation of gear efficiency hydraulic Parameter The value of the parameter а,3-, 3-4 h,-, , - Ω,4-, Λ M πn ном μ( p ε Ω Δp [ p ] Δ Ωψ M Δp Δ ном M,5 - -,5 - M ( Δ p г ( M [ ] ψ Ω ( Δ p ( M [ ] ψ Ω ψ Λ n exp( hn n ξ [ ] Energy losses in the mechanical power flow can e considered as loss in the planetary gear mechanisms. In practice the planetary or differential transmissions are usually reduced y inverting to a simple transmission with fixed axes, assuming that the additional rotation, imparted to the entire mechanism in general, does not change anything in the moment as a result of transformation, and consequently, in the forces of friction operation 4. It is necessary to distinguish etween two cases: the driving parts are the carrier and one of the central wheels; oth central wheels are driving, and the carrier is a slave one. In the first case, differential transmission efficiency shall e defined y the formula: 3Н ( 3 i3 3 i3 3...(9 where i 3 the gear ratio of the differential

3 SALAEOV et al., Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia, Vol. 3(, (6 87 mechanism; transmission efficiency with fixed 3 axles; equal to ± depending on whether the element facing the transfer slave master; the angular velocity of rotation of the Central wheel ; Í angular velocity of rotation of the carrier ; 3 the angular velocity of rotation of the Central wheel 3. In the second case the resistance forces moment is applied to the carrier and the efficiency is determined y the formula: 3Н i3 3 3 i3...( 3 The reliale and, perhaps, the only correct way to determine the variator efficiency is to split it into separate elements, calculate their efficiency, and asing on this data to define the total efficiency of the variator 5-7. The variator shown in the Figure should e viewed as a series connection of two hydromechanical differential mechanisms. erewith, the first hydro-mechanical differential mechanism, eing at the same time a hydraulic pump, manifests power separation into two parallel streams. That means, it is necessary to consider the differential parallel connection of two mechanisms in order to determine the efficiency of the differential hydraulic pump: a hydraulic pump and a mechanical differential, which are the consumers of one and the same source of motive power 5. Thus, the total power on the driving unit of the hydro-mechanical differential mechanism...( where the power consumed in mechanical stream, W; L the power consumed y the hydraulic flow, W; ρ The efficiency of a mechanical flow; Efficient hydraulic flow. Proceeding from the common definition of the machine efficiency Д,...( Н where ÃÌÄ the overall efficiency of the differential pump. By dividing the numerator and denominator y the formula ( is reduced to the form Д Н...(3 Using formulas (7 and ( the efficiency of the differential pump shall e to determined as Д i i нг...(4 Two parallel power flows are summed up on the differential hydraulic motor. It means that for determining the efficiency of differential hydraulic motor we should consider the parallel connection of two mechanisms, the hydraulic motor and the mechanical differential, which are the sources of motive power for energy supply of one user [6, 7]. M Ã ' 3 Ã Ì M Â Û Õ wheel input shaft; driven wheels of the hydraulic pump (satellites; carrier (ody pump; L the hydraulic pump; LM - hydraulic motor Fig.. Differential hydro-mechanical CVT

4 88 SALAEOV et al., Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia, Vol. 3(, (6 Overall efficiency in this case Д Н...(5 where ç ÃÌÄ total efficiency of the differential hydraulic motor; the power supplied for mechanical stream, W; ÃÌ the power supplied y the hydraulic flow, W; ç Í efficiency mechanical stream; ç ÃÌ efficient hydraulic flow. Using formulas (8 and (9 it is possile to define the efficiency of differential hydro-motor н i ( i Д...(6 The efficiency of the variator shown in Figure is expressed y the equation var i i Δp ( ξ Δp Δp Δp Δp 3 i'3 '3 ' ( ( Н i p p p [ p ] '3 Δ ξ Δ '3 Δ Δ ' Δp Δp [ Δp ] [ Δpг ] [ Δp ]. вар,95,9,85,8,75,7,65,6,55 p н5 МПа p н МПа p н5 МПа p н МПа p н5 МПа,,,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, i var Fig.. Graphs of the efficiency of the variator in the range i var /i s for different values of fluid pressure The greatest influence on the variator efficiency is rendered y fluid pressure and gear ratios of the differential stage. These dependences are shown in Figures and 3. COCLUSIO Comparing to a prototype, infinitely variale adjustment of inematic and power parameters is implemented at a total asence of any steering system thus reaching the simplicity of design. The comparative economic analysis of product profiling of self-actuated gear oxes, вар,95,9,85,8,75,7,65 i -5 i -4 i -3 i - i -,,,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, i var Fig. 3. Graphs of the efficiency of the variator in the range i var /i s for different values of the gear ratios of hydromechanical eveled chain variators and toroid progressive transmissions produced y the modern automoile industry of different countries shows the high degree of design-engineering consistency of operations in relation to the existing level of geared transmissions and hydraulic machines manufacture, high extent of universalization, consideraly less cost of materials and laor effort and, accordingly, lower cost of production. In automoile industry high-torque differential hydra-mechanical gear trains used in the quality of automatic transmissions for automotive trucs maes the possile to wor in the mode of equal powers when the external load

5 SALAEOV et al., Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia, Vol. 3(, (6 89 varies within the whole range, what rings to optimal power use and, correspondingly, to the considerale diminishment of fuel consumption. The attainale technical results provide for multifunctional use of the given invention in all fields of machine uilding. REFERECES. Mavleev, I.R. Development of efficient schemes and designs high-torque hydromechanical CVTs for vehicles: Author. dis. Cand. tehn. Sciences. - aerezhnye Chelny, 7; 9. Salahov, I.I. The development of automatic transmissions rational schemes, ased on the planetary system of universal multi-threaded differential mechanism: Author. dis. Cand. tehn. Sciences. - Izhevs: M.T. Kalashniov IzhSTU, 3; Patent ¹ RF IPC F6 47/4. Differential hydro-mechanical high-torque CVT / Volosho V.V., & Mavleev I.R. Pul. 7..9, Bull. ¹ Patent ¹ RF IPC F6 3/44. Automatic speed planetary gearox / Volosho V.V., & Salahov I.I. Pul..3., Bull. ¹ Ildar Ilgizarovich Salahov*, Vladimir Vladimirovich Volosho, Ilnur Dinaesovich Galimyanov and Ildus Rifovich Mavleev Universal Differential Mechanism / Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 4; (3: pp., currentissue.php?pg 6. Ildar Ilgizarovich Salahov*, Ildus Rifovich Mavleev, Ildar Rafisovich Shamsutdinov, Ruslan Ramilevich Basyrov and Volosho Vladimir Vladimirovich Research and Development of ydro-mechanical Differential Variator / Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 5; (: , Ildar Ilgizarovich Salahov*, Ildus Rifovich Mavleev, Eduard iolaevich Tsyunov, Ruslan Ramilevich Basyrov and iyaz Ilgizarovich Salahov Car Gearox on the Basis of the Differential Mechanism / Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 5; (Spl. Edn., 4-44 pp., SE% SEP %5