Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle Vehicle Management Codes: C507, L290 L296 QUALIFICATION TRAINING PACKAGE

Transcription

1 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE Headquarters US Air Frce Washingtn, D.C QTP24-3-C February 2017 Mine Resistant Ambush Prtected (MRAP) Vehicle Vehicle Management Cdes: C507, L290 L296 QUALIFICATION TRAINING PACKAGE

2 CONTENTS SECTION 1 OVERVIEW Overview... 3 SECTION 2 RESPONSIBILITIES Respnsibilities SECTION 3 INTRODUCTION Objectives Desired Learning Outcmes Lessn Duratin Instructinal References Instructinal Training Aids and Equipment SECTION 4 TRAINEE PREPARATION Licensing Requirements Required Reading (Testable Material) SECTION 5 KNOWLEDGE LECTURE AND EVALUATION Overview f Training and Requirements Vehicle Inspectin Vehicle Safety and Equipment Driving Safety and Precautins Vehicle Operatin SECTION 6 EXPLANATION AND DEMONSTRATION Instructr s Preparatin Safety Prcedures and Equipment Operatr Maintenance Demnstratin Operatin Demnstratin SECTION 7 TRAINEE PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION Trainee Perfrmance Perfrmance Evaluatin Attachment 1 GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 61 Attachment 2 VEHICLE INSPECTION GUIDE 62 Attachment 3 PERFORMANCE TEST 66 Attachment 4 SEVEN-STEP INSPECTION PROCESS 70

3 Sectin 1 OVERVIEW 1.1. Overview Send cmments and suggested imprvements n Air Frce (AF) Frm 847, Recmmendatin fr Change f Publicatin thrugh Air Frce Installatin and Missin Supprt Center (AFIMSC) functinal managers via at AFIMSC.IZSL.VehicleOps@us.af.mil Hw t use this plan: Instructr: Prvide verview f training, Sectin 2 and Sectin Instructr s lessn plan fr trainee preparatin, give classrm lecture, Sectin Instructr s lessn plan fr knwledge training, Sectin Instructr s lessn plan fr demnstratin, Sectin Instructr s lessn plan fr perfrmance and evaluatin, Sectin Trainee: Reads this entire lessn plan prir t starting lecture Fllws alng with lecture using this lessn plan and its attachments Uses Attachment 2 and Attachment 4 as guides fr vehicle inspectin Takes perfrmance test. Sectin 2 RESPONSIBILITIES 2.1. Respnsibilities The trainee shall: Ensure the trainer explains the Air Frce Qualificatin Training Plan (AFQTP) prcess and the respnsibilities Review the AFQTP/Mdule/Unit with the trainer.

4 The trainee shuld ask questins if he/she des nt understand the bjectives fr each unit Review missed questins with the trainer Instructr shall: Review the AFQTP with the trainee Cnduct knwledge training with the trainee using the AFQTP Grade the review questins using the answer key Review missed questins with the trainee t ensure the required task knwledge has been gained t cmplete the task Sign-ff the task(s) The Certifier shall: Evaluate the Airman s task perfrmance withut assistance Sign-ff the task(s). Sectin 3 INTRODUCTION 3.1. Objectives Given lectures, demnstratins, hands-n driving sessin, and a perfrmance and a written test, trainees will be able t perfrm peratr s inspectin and cmplete the perfrmance test with zer instructr assists Train and qualify each trainee in safe peratin and preventive maintenance f the varius MRAP This training will ensure the trainee becmes a qualified MRAP peratr; an peratr wh has the knwledge and skills t perate a MRAP in a safe and prfessinal manner Desired Learning Outcmes Understand the safety precautins t be fllwed befre-, during-, and after- peratin f the MRAP Understand the purpse f the MRAP and its rle in the missin.

5 Knw the prper peratr maintenance prcedures f the MRAP, in accrdance with (IAW) applicable technical rders (TOs) and use f AF Frm Safely and prficiently perate the MRAP Knw the prper prcedures f perating the 4X4 system n the MRAP Knw the twing limitatins f the MRAP vehicle Knw the key perating characteristics/prcedures while driving frwards, backwards, turning, twing, expedient field repairs, and ver adverse terrain Lessn Duratin Recmmended instructinal and hands n training time is 47 hurs: Figure 3.1. Recmmended Training Time fr Training Activities. Training Activity Trainee s Preparatin Instructr s Lecture and Demnstratin Trainee s Persnal Experience (t build cnfidence and prficiency) Perfrm Operatr Maintenance Operate the Vehicle Trainee s Perfrmance Evaluatin 5 Hurs 10 Hurs 30 Hurs 2 Hurs Training Time Nte: This is a recmmended time; training time may be mre r less depending hw quickly a trainee learns new tasks Instructinal References Risk Management (RM) and Safety Principles IAW Air Frce Pamphlet (AFPAM) , Risk Management (RM) Guidelines and Tls Applicable TOs r Manufacturer s Operatr s Manual (see Vehicle Management fr TO number fr vehicle being used in training) TM TM Air Frce Manual (AFMAN) , Operatin f Air Frce Gvernment Mtr Vehicles, Chapters 1-5 and 7-15.

6 AF Frm 1800, Operatr s Inspectin Guide and Truble Reprt (General Purpse Vehicles) Instructinal Training Aids and Equipment MRAP Lessn Plan MRAP Slave cable Tire pressure gauge Applicable TO r Manufacturer s Operatr s Manual AF Frm 1800, Operatr s Inspectin Guide and Truble Reprt (General Purpse Vehicles) MRAP Operatr New Equipment Training (ONET) PwerPints Vides (if lcally prduced) Suitable training area. Sectin 4 TRAINEE PREPARATION 4.1. Licensing Requirements Trainee must have in his/her pssessin a valid state driver s license AF Frm 171, Request fr Driver s Training and Additin t U.S. Gvernment Drivers IAW Air Frce Instructin (AFI) Applicable lcal licensing jurisdictin requirements Required Reading (Testable Material) Read this entire lessn plan Read AFMAN , Chapters 1-5, Read Manufacturer s Operatr s Manual fr the vehicle being trained n.

7 Sectin 5 KNOWLEDGE LECTURE AND EVALUATION 5.1. Overview f Training and Requirements Training bjectives: Given lectures, demnstratins, hands-n driving sessin, and a perfrmance and a written test, trainees will be able t perfrm peratr s inspectin and cmplete the perfrmance test with zer instructr assists Train and qualify each trainee in safe peratin and preventive maintenance f the varius MRAPs This training will ensure the trainee becmes a qualified MRAP peratr an peratr wh has the knwledge and skills t perate a MRAP in a safe and prfessinal manner Desired learning utcmes: Understand the safety precautins t be fllwed befre-, during-, and afterperatin f the MRAP Understand the purpse f the MRAP and its rle in the missin MRAP vehicles are Cmmercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) vehicles designed frm the grund up t reduce casualties and increase survivability fr persnnel subjected t mine explsins, imprvised explsive devices (IED) detnatins, and small arms fire. Blast frces are deflected away frm the crew with the vehicles v- shaped hull The purpse f MRAP vehicles is t prvide added ballistic prtectin fr armament cmpnents, crew, and amm Rle in the missin (Unit/Base/Cmmunity (during natural disasters)/air Frce) MRAP vehicles will be capable f supprting multiple missins t include recn, cnvy peratins, trp transprt, ambulance, cmbat engineer, and explsive rdinance dispsal (EOD) missins fr maneuver units MRAP design. The design f MRAP varies depending n the vehicle type/mdel. Refer t the manufacturer s peratr s manual fr additinal infrmatin n the specific MRAP being perated and t the data plate fr specificatins. The MRAP nrmally can be identified by the fllwing characteristics:

8 Specificatins. Specificatins vary based n vehicle type/mdel. The peratr shuld be familiar with the specificatins f the vehicle that he/she is perating t include, but nt limited t: Dimensins, weight, engine drive train infrmatin, turn radius, fluid types, etc. See Table 5.1. fr an example f MRAP vehicle specificatins fund n the vehicle data plate and manufacturer s peratr s manual. Table 5.1. MRAP Specificatins Example (varies by vehicle type/mdel). MRAP Specificatins (varies by vehicle type/mdel) Height 159 (13 ½ feet) Length 260 (21 ¾ feet Width 120 (10 feet) Weight 31,132 lbs. Fuel Diesel/ 70 gallns. USE DF-1 r DF-2 ONLY MRAP design cmpnents Armr prtectin. MRAPs are equipped with an armr prtectin system designed fr mine blast prtectin and blast f the hull, rf prtectin frm verhead airburst and side prtectin against fragmentatin and blast. Prtectin parameters vary by MRAP type/mdel. Features may include: A flr with a V-shaped belly that can deflect and absrb blastwaves and shrapnel frm IEDs and land mines Individual side facing energy absrbing seats fr blast prtectin Hydraulic activated drs/steps. The MRAP is equipped with driver and passenger-side hydraulic activated drs and a rear step ramp fr crew members NBC prtectin Life supprt system (LSS) prviding NBC prtectin, ventilatin, and climate cntrl. An heat, ventilatin and air cnditining (HVAC)/LSS that regulates fresh and re-circulated air within the cabin and prvides prtectin frm utside extreme ht r cld temperatures In wartime cnfiguratin, the system prvides prtectin frm NBC agents by a special filter Fire suppressin system Prtects persnnel frm fire. The crew cmpartment is equipped with a water-mist fire suppressin that prtects persnnel frm fire.

9 Autmatic peratin. Only the cabin and engine systems are autmatic, and all f the systems can be perated autmatically in the event f a malfunctin Run flat tires. Run n a hard surface rad after cmplete lss f air pressure in any tw tires Blackut (BO) peratins. Ability t drive during BO peratins with BO markers/bo drive MRAP additinal parts Turret (if applicable). Sme MRAPs have a circular hatch with gun munting and the gun ring munt can rtate fr 360 degree field f fire and accepts a variety f crew-served weapns Winch (if applicable). Sme MRAPs are equipped with a self-recvery winch Steering Frnt wheel steering Air brakes The service brake system is pneumatically perated. It has a 6-wheel drum brake S-cam perated system The MRAP has an air activated anti-lck brake system (ABS). Air pressure fr brake peratin is prvided by an engine munted cmpressr The ABS system has an electrnic cntrl unit (ECU) that manages brake system peratin and prvides diagnstic infrmatin in the event f a prblem Gauges, switches, instruments, lights and cntrls:

10 Figure 5.1. Switches/Cntrls/Gauges Switches/cntrls/gauges. See Figure Start/run switch Brake warning indicatr-lights when fluid is lw r parking brake is set Engine temp. Temperature exceeds 230 F (110 C) and deactivate when engine temperature drps belw 230 F (110 C) High beam indicatr Engine il pressure nrmal range varies fr each MRAP mdel. See manufacturer s peratr s manual/data plate Speedmeter Vltmeter nrmal = in the green Air filter restrictin gauge Air tank pressure Fuel gauges indicate supply in each tank; diesel r JP8 nly Tachmeter Clant temperature Heater cntrls defrst, heat r fan Main light switch cntrl panel cntrls service, blackut and panel lights.

11 Directinal signal cntrl and warning hazard lever Dimmer switch Seat adjustment Air cleaner indicatr: nrmal = yellw r up t 24%; red = needs cleaning r filter replacement Windshield washer/wiper cntrl Windshield deicer; used t defrst ice and snw frm windshield A/C n/ff turns n r ff refrigerated air Transmissin shift lever: (R Reverse, N Neutral, D Drive). Nte: Transmissin must be in the psitin N and the vehicle must be stpped befre shifting transfer case. Table 5.2. Transmissin Shift Lever Cntrls. Gear Lw lck (L) Neutral (N) High (H) High lck (H/L) Descriptin Fr climbing r descending steep hills r driving in snw. N pwer is applied t the wheels. Fr nrmal driving and frding. Fr driving thrugh mud, sand, snw, ff-rad r slippery cnditins Vehicle Inspectin Pre-trip vehicle inspectin test. Use Attachment 2 as a walk-arund guide alng with AF Frm Pre-inspectin Ensure engine is ff Cleanliness/damage/missing items (Always keep the vehicle clean inside and ut) All wheel rims (cracks, splits, etc.); check fr lse r missing lug nuts Welds. Lk fr lse r chipped paint, rust r gaps where parts are welded tgether. (If a lse weld is fund, cntact the VCO r maintenance immediately. See Figure 5.2.

12 Figure 5.2. Welded Parts Tighten lse cnnectrs and make sure wires are tight. See Figure 5.3. Figure 5.3. Cnnectrs and Wires Visually check fr fluid and water leaks Check fr signs f wear, damage, r leakage by lking under vehicle fr fluid puddles als lk underside engine. Make sure clamps and fittings are tight. Lk arund engine r underside f engine. Check fr any fuel leaks frm tanks. Figure 5.4. Fluid and Water Leaks.

13 Windws and mirrrs: Windws: Check and inspect windws fr damage and dirt; wash ff dirt depsits with water. Dry with twel Mirrrs: Inspect fr brken, dirty, cracked, r lse mirrrs. Check fr prper alignment, pwer mirrrs, and heated mirrrs fr prper peratin and visibility Tires Prper inflatin Tread t include depth Cuts, guges, cracks, r ther damage Check if valve caps and stems are missing, brken, r damaged Ensure glves are wrn prir t engaging the pintle hk Inspect fuel tank Check fuel tank fr adequate fuel level Remve dirt and debris frm tank. Figure 5.5. Fuel Tank Armr panels. Inspect the cnditin f the armr panels fr damage, crrsin, paint peeling, blistering and/r cmbat damage (ensure all nuts and blts (fasteners) are secure).

14 Figure 5.6. Armr Panels Rear ramp Check ramp hinges and munting hardware Check area under ramp pumps fr leaks Check munting pin and lck pins n ramp pumps Check hydraulic lines frm the tp f the ramp pump t the reservir Check ramp dr seal fr cuts, tears, r missing dr seal. Figure 5.7. Rear Ramp Ballistic glass Check the ballistic glass fr damage Inspect inner surface f ballistic glass and liner.

15 Figure 5.8. Ballistic Glass Pintle hk. Check pintle hk fr secure munting and prper peratin. Ensure safety latch engages hk lck and safety pin is secure and functinal Fire suppressin system (FSS) There is ne fire suppressin system (see Figure 5.9.) fr the MRAP CAT I with fur mnitring areas Press the lamp test buttn t check the lights n the peratin panel Indicatr warning light will cme ON if a system is being perated r needs repairs. Figure 5.9. Fire Suppressin System Instrument panel Check all panel gauges and switches Check il pressure is rising t nrmal.

16 Check vltmeter gauge Check filter restrictin gauge. Figure Instrument Panel Windshield wiper/washing system Check and test wiper washing system Check fr wrn rubber n blades Ensure blades are securely munted n wiper arms Check wiper peratins. Figure Windshield Wipers Hrn. Check hrn peratin by turning the ignitin switch t ON, turning the lights and depress the hrn Master vehicle light switch: Check headlight.

17 Check panel dim Check BO drive Open hd Check clant level in verflw tank when engine is cld Ensure level is abve the cld mark. If clant is belw ADD mark, add clant t bring it up t MAX level with a 50/50 slutin mix Check clant verflw tank and cap fr damage and leakage Lk thrugh plastic reservir and make sure the fluid is within the minimum and maximum fluid level range as marked n the reservir. DO NOT remve pressure cap until clant has cled Check fuel water separatr. Check sediment bwl fr water. Equipment is nt missin capable (NMC) if any fuel leaks. See Figure Figure Fuel Water Separatr Check engine il level With engine ff, pull dipstick ut and wipe with clean rag Re-insert dipstick t fully seat and pull back ut again Oil level shuld be between the FULL and ADD hash marks D nt verfill; this will cause the engine t verwrk and verheat

18 Warning - Cling system cmpnents becme pressurized and extremely ht during nrmal perating. Use extreme care when wrking arund ht cmpnents. Figure Engine Oil Level Pwer steering: Check that the pwer steering fluid is between the tw marks n the white plastic reservir Check reservir fr leaks, damage, and secure munting When attempting t refill pwer steering fluid ensure all dirt arund reservir is wiped away and n lse dirt can fall dwn int reservir Check all hses, cnnectins, cap, and filter fr lseness, leaks, and damage. Figure Pwer Steering.

19 Belts Check all belts fr tensin (n mre than 1/2 inch t 3/4 inch f play when pressed) Check all belts fr cnditin, n fraying r cracks Clse and re-secure hd Seat belts. Inspect belts fr prper peratin. Make sure the anchr muntings are tight and there is n fraying f seat belt material Seats. Check and inspect all seats. Be sure seats are firmly engaged t avid frward r rearward mvement when starting r stpping. Make sure that anchr munting fasteners t the flr, as well as tether straps t flr r cab-back are tight and straps are nt wrn Fire Extinguishers. Inspect prtable fire extinguisher equipment fr any signs f damage r leaks and charge line is the green. Ensure the fire extinguisher is signed-ff per installatin SOP. Check extinguisher bttle is secure. Figure Fire Extinguisher During-peratin inspectin Engine/starter: Turn ignitin t ON, wait fr instrument panel t run self-test, turn ignitin t start engine. Verify starter engages and engine starts prperly Listen fr any unusual nises.

20 Figure Engine/Starter Inspect filter minder gauge n dash fr filter element restrictin indicatin External air tank. The lw pressure warning shuld sund immediately after the engine starts but befre the air cmpressr has built up pressure. The warning shuld stp after the air pressure reaches 70 psi r mre Check service brake fr excessive pedal travel r lss f stpping pwer Check fr peratin f all panel gauges and switches Check that il pressure is building t nrmal Check the vltmeter gauge t see if the alternatr is charging Check filter restrictin gauge t see that it is within acceptable range Check and test wiper washing system. Check fr wrn rubber n blades, blades securely munted n wiper arms, and that wipers wrk Perfrm autmatic check f all exterir lights Light switch is ON r ACC psitin Parking brake is engaged Simultaneusly press cruise ON and cruise RESUME and depress and release brake pedal Lights begin t flash in fllwing rder: Park, headlights (lw and high), right/left frnt and right/left rear turn signal, and brake lights Check t see that all lights illuminate and are clean.

21 Cancel autmatic check by pressing the brake pedal, manually turning n any external light, releasing the parking brake, r turning switch t OFF r ON Check peratin f hrn by turning the lights n and pressing the hrn Check pwer steering by turning the steering wheel t ensure n binding ccurs Check transmissin fr smth shifting thrugh gears Check fur-wheel drive by checking fr prper shifting in and ut f fur-wheel drive. Figure Crew Light/Rear Ramp Light Switches After-peratin inspectin Cleanliness/damage/missing items (always keep the vehicle clean inside and ut) All wheel rims (cracks, splits, etc.); check fr lse r missing lug nut Welds; check fr lse r chipped paint, rust r gaps Visually check fr fluid and water leakage A Seven-Step Inspectin Methd will help ensure the inspectin is the same each time it is cnducted, and that nthing is left ut. See Attachment 4 fr the Seven-Step Inspectin Methd Types f Vehicle Inspectin. If discrepancies are fund they must be reprted t the Vehicle Cntrl Officer/Vehicle Cntrl Nn Cmmissined Officer (VCO/VCNCO), the supervisr, and/r vehicle maintenance:

22 5.3. Vehicle Safety and Equipment Types f cmmn mishaps include: Bruises, head injuries, cuts and laceratins t persnnel. Persnnel must wear head prtectin while travelling in the MRAP Fatalities due t rllvers Hazards and human factrs: Jerky starts and stps Failure t give prper signals when turning Traveling t fast and turning t sharply Failure t release parking brake befre traveling Failure t use a sptter in difficult areas/situatins. Sptters must be trained and use hand signals IAW AFMAN Rllver risk Safety clthing and equipment: Safety steel-ted bts must be wrn Head prtectin, as required Raingear, cld weather gear, etc Reflective belt during hurs f reduced visibility Hearing prtectin/eye prtectin Hand prtectin, as required Tire gauge Fire extinguisher Driving Safety and Precautins Operatr is respnsible fr safety f persnnel riding in vehicle. Operatr will nt mve vehicle if any passenger is in an unsafe psitin r vehicle has t many passengers.

23 Ensure persnnel prtective equipment is n. Identify and understand cautins and warning listed in the peratr s manual and vehicle t prevent serius injury/death t persnnel r damage t the vehicle Secure all carg and/r equipment inside f the vehicle prir t peratin Never start r perate the MRAP frm any ther place than the Operatr s seat. Passengers will ride in the prvided seat. Always keep all bdy parts inside the vehicle, unless up in the turret Always mnitr gauges during vehicle peratin. D nt ignre warning lights r audible alarms If il pressure, air pressure, engine temperature, r transmissin temperature exceed the maximum r drp belw the minimum range, stp the vehicle in a safe place as sn as the tactical situatin permits If CHECK TRANSMISSION light turns n during vehicle peratin, shifting may becme restricted Engage r disengage differential lcks as required fr perating cnditins Make abslutely certain that the gunner s hatch is cmpletely lcked in the pen psitin befre mving the vehicle with a gunner in psitin Never drive the vehicle up t anyne standing in frnt f an bject. Make certain (by lking ut ne f the small rear windws) that n ne is behind the vehicle when lwering the rear dr/ramp. DO NOT perate the rear dr/ramp when t h e vehicle is in mtin. Use extreme cautin when using the emergency rear dr/ramp release t ensure that n ne can be struck by the dr as it falls pen. Keep arms and legs clear f rear dr/ramp when clsing it. Nte: Failure t cmply may result in serius injury r death t persnnel Befre pening hd, make sure that there is enugh rm in frnt f the vehicle fr the hd t pen cmpletely withut being pinned r pinched r pinning r an assistant between the hd and any ther structure. Nte: Failure t cmply may result in serius injury r death DO NOT use steering wheel fr hand grip t enter vehicle. Use f steering wheel fr hand grip may cause sudden vilent jerking f the vehicle. When entering r exiting cab, use three-pint cntact system DO NOT perate vehicle with air pressure system lss; this is extremely dangerus. Vehicle has reduced r n braking capability and may nt stp. Nte: Failure t cmply may result in damage t equipment and/r serius injury r death t persnnel.

24 DO NOT discnnect any airline r fitting until system pressure has been relieved. Air under pressure can penetrate the skin Ensure master pwer switches n bth vehicles are OFF prir t cnnecting NATO slave cables r befre perfrming battery r ther electrical maintenance. Nte: Failure t cmply may result in serius injury r death t persnnel All snw and ice must be remved frm the vehicle as sn as pssible. Snw and ice may slw r stp mvement f crucial parts If peratr leaves the vehicle, even mmentarily, when engine is running, the transmissin MUST be in neutral N; parking brake must be set and engaged, and wheels MUST be chcked The vehicle must be cmpletely stpped with the service brake applied befre shifting between rear wheel and fur-wheel drive, r t shift range in either mde. Failure t cmply may result in damage t equipment D nt direct high-pressure water stream at seals, air intake, exhaust utlet, radiatr, cndenser r ther cmpnents f vehicle that culd be easily damaged by high-pressure water stream. Failure t cmply may result in damage t the driveline D nt use first gear t mve vehicle if the tires are frzen t the grund r if the brakes are frzen t the drums. Failure t cmply may result in damage t the driveline Rllver risk warning. The ptential fr a vehicle t rllver increases fr vehicles with a high grss weight (20,000 lbs. r mre) r a high center f gravity. Check the vehicle s data plate t determine if the vehicle is at higher risk fr rllver D nt attempt t tw r push start the MRAP If the start/run switch is in the RUN psitin, but the engine has nt started, this will drain the battery D nt perate the starter fr mre than 20 secnds If any instrument reading is nt nrmal during-peratin, turn-ff the engine During jump starting prcedures, use nly apprved M-series jumper cables (slave cable) Be alert at all times during vehicle peratin fr exhaust drs, d NOT perate vehicle in enclsed area. Be alert fr excessive exhaust fumes when backing the vehicle Turn-ff all radis within 50 feet f any refueling peratin.

25 Ensure cell phnes are turned-ff prir t peratin f vehicle and during fueling peratins Off Rad driving. All MRAPs are designed fr use ver all types f rads, in all weather cnditins and the mst difficult terrain. The MRAPs high pwer-t-weight rati, fur-wheel drive, and high-grund clearance cmbined t give it utstanding crss-cuntry mbility. Operatrs shuld use extreme cautin when driving in unusual/unknwn terrain. Rad shulders can give way, unexpected bjects in the rad can cause the peratr t serve r lse cntrl. Situatinal awareness can reduce the chance f driving r slipping int canals/ditches. See AFMAN fr additinal guidance Transitin a slpe IAW manufacturer s peratr s manual recmmended guidance. The MRAP is a high center f gravity vehicle and is susceptible t rllver. Transitining a side slpe at the apprpriate angle and using safe peratin is necessary t prevent injury and equipment damage Rcky terrain D nt try t straddle large bulders; they will damage axles and ther lw parts f the vehicle. Mve slwly ver when driving in rcky terrain Mud and swamps Try t pull ut f the mud/swamp slwly in lw gear if the vehicle is equipped with an autmatic transmissin. Place bards, brush, r similar material under the vehicle s wheels can increase tractin Rll nt the sft area at a medium speed fr the selected gear. Carefully maintain a steady thrttle until reaching slid grund If the vehicle is in an autmatic, try t pull ut slwly by switching t a lwer gear. If this r using bards r brush des nt wrk, try t have anther vehicle pull the vehicle ut Ditches Crss shallw ditches by shifting int lw gear r range and prceeding slwly. Enter the ditch at an angle s that ne wheel leaves the ditch as the ther wheel n the same side enters it Gullies and ravines.

26 Find a place t enter that is easy access and easy t get acrss. Put the vehicle in lw gear and slwly apprach the ravine at a right angle t the edge. Using the ft brake, ease the frnt wheels int the gully; make sure they hit at the same time. Bring the engine up t a nrmal speed befre the wheels hit the bttm. Accelerate just enugh t climb s that the frnt wheels tuch the ppsite bank Slippery cnditins Vehicle peratin in slippery cnditins is hazardus. The MRAP is equipped with ABS but it cannt prvide any better braking and steering capability than available rad tractin will permit. Operatr must travel at reduced speeds and be prepared t meet sudden changes in rad cnditins Failure t maintain safe stpping distances will cause damage t vehicle and/r injury r death t persnnel Apply service breaks sner and press service brake pedal lightly t give early warning t any vehicles that may be fllwing After driving thrugh slush r water, drive slwly and test service brakes T dry ut brake shes and drums, lightly press and hld service brake pedal fr 5 t 10 secnds at a time while lightly applying thrttle Chck blcks shall be used when parking a vehicle in extreme cld cnditins. Failure t d s may result in injury t persnnel r damage t equipment Rllvers During a vehicle rllver, the senir ccupant will ensure that ALL persnnel are checked fr injuries and that injured persnnel are given the apprpriate medical attentin. Reprt the accident immediately alng with injury reprt Rllver prcedures: The first individual t ntice a vehicle beginning t rllver will shut, ROLLOVER! The peratr will release the acceleratr, keep hands n steering wheel with extended, but nt lcked arms, tuck head in t chest and brace fr impact and yell, ROLLOVER! The passenger(s) will tuck their head(s) int chest and brace fr impact. He/she will plant feet firmly n the flr while hlding n t a statinary bject and yell, ROLLOVER!

27 The gunner will drp dwn. He/she will tuck head int chest and brace fr impact. He/she will plant feet firmly n the flr while hlding n t a statinary bject and yell, ROLLOVER! Nte: Gunners perating the turret shuld limit bdy prtrusin nt t exceed the name tape Braking safety Braking withut airbrakes Speed and stpping distance. There are three things that add up t ttal stpping distance: Perceptin Distance + Reactin Distance + Braking Distance = Ttal Stpping Distance Perceptin distance. This is the distance the vehicle mves frm the time the peratr s eyes see a hazard until their brain knws it. The perceptin time fr an alert driver is abut 3/4 secnd Reactin distance. The distance traveled frm the time the peratr s brain tells their ft t mve frm the acceleratr until their ft is actually pushing the brake pedal. The average driver has a reactin time f 3/4 secnd. This accunts fr an additinal 60 feet traveled at 55 mph Braking distance. The distance it takes t stp nce the brakes are put n. At 55 mph n dry pavement with gd brakes, it can take a heavy vehicle abut 170 feet t stp (abut 4 3/4 secnds) Ttal stpping distance. At 55 mph it will take abut 6 secnds t stp and the vehicle will travel abut the distance f a ftball field ( = 290 feet) Braking distance with air brakes With air brakes there is an added delay: the time required fr the brakes t wrk after the brake pedal is pushed. Thus, the ttal stpping distance fr vehicles with air brake systems is made up f fur different factrs: Perceptin Distance + Reactin Distance + Brake Lag Distance + Effective Braking Distance = Ttal Stpping Distance The air brake lag distance at 55 mph n dry pavement adds abut 32 feet. S at 55 mph fr an average driver under gd tractin and brake cnditins, the ttal stpping distance is ver 300 feet. This is lnger than a ftball field Cntrl and stpping requirements.

28 The service brake must hld the vehicle n any grade n which it is perated under all cnditins f lading r unlading The service brakes f every mtr vehicle must be capable f stpping frm an initial speed f 20 miles per hur and is measured in feet as maximum stpping distance (MSD) Fr a vehicle with a grss vehicle weight rating (GVWR) f 10,000 lbs. r mre the MSD is 40 feet Effects f speed n stpping distance When the speed f the vehicle is dubled, it will take abut fur times the distance t stp, and the vehicle will have fur times the destructive pwer if it crashes High speeds increase stpping distances greatly. By slwing dwn a little, the Operatr can gain a lt in reduced braking distance Tire changing prcedures. In the event that the vehicle shuld have a flat r damaged tire, the trainee must knw the fllwing prcedures fr prperly and safely changing the tire: Equipment/tls: Vehicle jack w/jack handle rated fr weight f vehicle Lug wrench Jack stand Wheel chcks Hand/eye/hearing prtectin (if pneumatic tls are ging t be used) Tire changing steps: Use glves when handling and lifting tires Ensure the vehicle is seated n a level surface Chck the adjacent drive wheel Lcate slid part f the vehicle s frame Place the vehicle jack under the vehicle s frame as clse as pssible that will nt impede the tire remval and/r replacement.

29 Raise the vehicle with the jack until the vehicle s weight is supprted n the jack, but the tire is still in cntact with the grund Lsen, DO NOT, remve the lug nuts Raise the vehicle up until the tire clears the grund with n mre than an extra inch t allw replacement f the tire Place the jack stand under the frame f the vehicle t supprt the vehicle in the case that the jack s hydraulics shuld leak and/r fail Remve the wheel s lug nuts Remve the vehicle s flat/damaged tire using tw persnnel Place the replacement tire nt the vehicle s axle using tw persnnel Replace the vehicle s lug nuts (t hand tightness) Jack the vehicle up and remve the jack stand Lwer the vehicle until the wheel makes cntact with the grund t prevent the tire frm spinning during tightening, DO NOT put the entire vehicle weight n the wheel until after the next step Tighten vehicle s lug nuts in a star pattern t ensure prper seat f the wheel t the axle Lwer the jack stand cmpletely and remve frm under the vehicle. Nte: Tighten lse lug nuts. Have vehicle maintenance tighten the stud nuts and lug nuts t the prper trque fund in the manufacturer s peratr s manual Winch safety When recvering the cable, recvery takes time, d nt hurry. A brken winch line reacts like a whip, when hking t a vehicle, use bth shackles whenever pssible s effrt is applied equally and damage t the vehicle in minimized Never bend the wire cable at a sharp angle Straighten ut all the kinks and twists while taking up the slack Stand clear f the winch cable befre it is tightened. A cable being tightened may break and whip back causing serius bdily harm r even death.

30 After using the winch, have ne persn r preferably tw pull back n the cable while it is wund slwly and even n the drum. Keep the cable lubricated accrding t the manual Vehicle Operatin Starting prcedures Ensure that the MRAP is in the neutral psitin. Apply parking brake Adjust the driver s seat and utside mirrrs Fasten safety belt, remving all slack ut f the belt fr prper use Check psitin f fuel indicatr switch Check fuel gauges Check that WAIT TO START warning indicatr n the warning panel is nt lit. See Figure Figure Warning Panel Press acceleratr lightly and mve ignitin switch t START. See Figure Push ignitin switch UP until engine starts, release Switch will mve t RUN Fr temperatures > 60 F, keep ft ff acceleratr while cranking. See Figure Fr temperatures <60 F, full depress acceleratr after engaging the starter.

31 Figure Ignitin Switch. Figure Acceleratr. Nte: D nt vertax the starter r battery. D nt crank the starter fr mre than 20 secnds at a time. Wait at least secnds between attempts Allw the engine t reach perating temperature prir t mving the vehicle (unless there is an emergency situatin) If at this pint the engine will nt start, refer t the manufacturer s peratr s manual fr the trubleshting sectin After engine has warmed up and air tanks have reached 130 psi, press brake pedal and listen fr an audible leak. Press the YELLOW push-pull switch and place the vehicle in the desired driving psitin (RED push-pull switch is fr trailer use nly) T turn n the lights; press the Serv. Drive buttn, then press Enter while flashing until light illuminates and stays steady. Use the same step fr parking lights nly T turn BO lights n; press the B.O. Drive buttn then press Enter while flashing until light illuminates. Use same step fr B.O. marker lamps T turn any light system ff, press the All Off buttn then press Enter while flashing until n lights are visible.

32 Check steering fr excessive play Test hrn. Nte: Hrn will nt perate unless the service drive buttn is activated Check windshield wipers and washers Autmatic transmissin cntrl. The MRAP autmatic transmissin has neutral (N), reverse (R) and five frward gear psitins Neutral. The transmissin resets itself t neutral when the engine is shut-ff. This psitin can be used if the vehicle stalls, in rder t restart the vehicle. Always ensure the vehicle has the parking brake set when using neutral Reverse. The vehicle needs t be at a cmplete stp prir t shifting t reverse t avid damage t the transmissin. Due t the extreme visibility cnstraints assciated with the MRAP, always use a sptter when backing Abuse prtectin. The transmissin has built in prtectins against several types f abuse The transmissin will nt shift frm N t D t R if the drive shaft is mving The transmissin will nt shift frm N int (F) r R UNLESS the service brake is applied When a lwer gear is selected the transmissin will nt shift t that gear until the vehicle slws t the speed range allwed fr that gear The transmissin always shifts up r dwn thrugh the gears sequentially If R is pressed while the vehicle is mving, the transmissin gear indicatr windw will flash R If the vehicle cmes t a stp within 3 secnds, the transmissin gear indicatr will shift int R and the flashing will stp If the vehicle des nt cme t a stp within 3 secnds, the shift request will be ignred and the last drive number will be displayed If D is pressed while the vehicle is mving backward, the transmissin gear indicatr windw will flash D If the vehicle cmes t a stp within 3 secnds, the transmissin gear indicatr will shift int D and the flashing will stp.

33 If the vehicle des nt cme t a stp within 3 secnds, the shift request will be ignred and R r N will be displayed n the transmissin shift pad If D is pressed while mving frward in any gear, the left digit n the transmissin shift pad will display When IGNITION switch is mved t RUN psitin, the transmissin shift pad displays N. See Figure and Figure Figure Ignitin Switch. Figure Digital Display Digital display.

34 Directin f travel. Press R r D n the transmissin shift pad t chse directin f travel. See Figure belw Shift int neutral N whenever prlng idling is anticipated The drive D ranges includes five frward gears When idling with D selected, first gear is engaged. Digital Display Panel will display the number 5 in the left psitin and ne in the right psitin. See Figure Figure Directin f Travel At each shift the number in the right psitin will change t display the actual gear that the transmissin is perating in Figure shws an example f transmissin gear ratis and the maximum speed fr each gear. Refer t the manufacturer s peratr s manual fr the specific MRAP type/mdel being perated. Figure type/mdel). Transmissin Gear Ratins and Maximum Speed (varies by MRAP

35 Manual shifting. The autmatic transmissin can be manually shifted by pressing the up r dwn arrws n the transmissin shift cntrl pad. See Figure Figure Manual Shifting If the vehicle exceeds the maximum speed fr a lwer gear, use the brakes t slw vehicle until shift ccurs If the vehicle is mving slwer than the minimum speed fr a higher gear, accelerate t increase speed until the shift ccurs The transmissin will stay in the specific gear s lng as the vehicle is at prgrammed speed range If the vehicle exceeds the prgrammed range, the transmissin will upshift and the right digit in the display will change t indicate actual gear.

36 If the vehicle speed is belw the prgrammed range, the transmissin will dwnshift and the right digit in the display will indicate the actual gear When the vehicle is perating in a manually selected lw gear, there are tw ways t mve t higher gears: The up arrw will mve the transmissin up ne gear at a time. Shifting will ccur at prgrammed engine speed and lad Pressing D n the selectr pad will return transmissin tp gear range t fifth gear. Transmissin will shift thrugh the gears accrding t prgrammed parameters Standard perating mde Rear wheel drive vehicle under nrmal cnditins Only rear wheels pwer vehicle Transfer Case delivers pwer t center axle Driveshaft transfers pwer t rear axle. See Figure Suitable fr mst rad travel. Figure Standard Operating Mde All-wheel drive (AWD). Nte: Cautin Stp t shift in r ut f AWD. Limit speed t less than 25 mph when perating ff-rad r in inclement cnditins AWD verview: Transfer case delivers pwer t frnt and center axle.

37 Frnt differential alternates trque t LH and RH wheels Trque applied t ne wheel n center axle and diagnally ppsite wheel n rear axle T engage AWD: Stp vehicle Press tp f AWD switch LED may nt illuminate the AWD switch until the vehicle mves frward Vehicle will perate nrmally and cycle thrugh all 5 gears T disengage AWD: Stp vehicle t shift ut f AWD Press bttm f AWD switch The AWD LED will g ut after the vehicle has traveled 15 ft. See Figure Figure All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Six-wheel drive (6WD). See Figure WD verview Prvides maximum tractin fr traversing irregular r hazardus terrain.

38 Differential n each axle is lcked t deliver equal pwer t bth wheel ends Transmissin range limited t tw lwest gears T engage six-wheel drive Stp the vehicle t shift int six-wheel drive Press tp f bth the AWD and DIF lck switches LED n bth the AWD and DIF LOCK switches will illuminate after the AWD and differential are engaged Driver shuld limit speed limit t less than 24 mph T disengage 6WD Stp the vehicle t shift ut f six-wheel drive Press bttm f bth the AWD and DIF LOCK switches The AWD and DIF LOCK LED s will g ut after the vehicle has traveled frward. Figure Six-Wheel Drive (6WD) Transfer case lw range peratin.

39 Transfer case switch used t lck transmissin in lw gear and prevents any shifting Only as a get hme strategy in an emergency situatin. Figure Transfer Case Lw Range Operatin Stp the vehicle t engage transfer case lw range Press tp f the TCASE LP SPD switch t shift the transfer case int lw range The red LED lights up after the vehicle mves frward Stp the vehicle t shift ut f transfer case lw range Press bttm f the TCASE LO SPD switch t shift the transfer case t lw range Shift transmissin t N and wait t feel transmissin release Shift the transmissin t D The transfer LED will turn ff after the vehicle has traveled frward Cntrlling vehicle The MRAP is steering a cnventinal manner.

40 Place light cntrl switch in apprpriate psitin Use dimmer switch t cntrl brightness f the panel lighting. Figure Cntrlling the Vehicle Cntrl Switches. Table 5.3. Vehicle Cntrl Switches. Cntrl Off IR BO MRKR HDLP Functin Turns all lights ff Frnt Bumper IR Lights n. Exterir blackut marker and drive lights n. The sidemarkers lights n. Nrmal night time driving lights Press center f steering wheel t sund hrn Press and hld ft brake Release parking brake Select desired gear (D r R) n transmissin selectr pad. See Figure 5.31.

41 Figure Cntrlling the Vehicle (1/3) Release brake pedal and press acceleratr pedal Regularly check gauges, light indicatr panel, and transmissin display fr prblems. See Figure Figure Cntrlling the Vehicle (2/3) When perating at night, use the lighting cntrl switch t turn n headlights Use the bright light cntrl n the turn signals t turn bright lights n and ff as needed. See Figure Figure Cntrlling the Vehicle (3/3) Stpping vehicle The service brakes are air perated and cntrlled by an antilck braking system.

42 Braking actin is similar t autmbile brakes. Hwever, the driver cannt feel braking frce thrugh the service brake pedal pressure The distance the pedal is depressed determines the braking frce applied by the air brake system. The resistance felt by the driver is the same whether the brake is gently applied r fully engaged in a full emergency stp Press brake pedal t apply brakes. Transmissin will dwnshift autmatically Exhaust brake. The MRAP is equipped with an exhaust brake which perates by clsing a butterfly valve within the exhaust system just after the turbcharger. This creates back pressure n the engine and drive train and inhibits pwer prductin D nt use the exhaust brake in rain r any ther slippery cnditins. Use f the exhaust brake under these cnditins may cause skidding and pssible lss f vehicle cntrl When using the exhaust brake, the brake lights d nt illuminate. An accident may ccur if anther vehicle is clsely fllwing and des nt realize the vehicle is braking T activate the exhaust brake: Press the tp f the Exhaust Brake rcker switch Easing ff f the acceleratr activates the exhaust brake The AUXILIARY BRAKE warning light n the light panel turns n. See Figure belw. Figure Exhaust Brake/Light Panel T disengage exhaust brake: Exhaust brake shuld nt be disengaged while brakes are being applied.

43 Press bttm f EXHAUST BRAKE switch t turn it ff. See Figure The ABS system will turn ff the exhaust brake autmatically when necessary t maintain braking cntrl If air pressure is lst. Air brakes will revert t the BRAKE cnditin, in which springs will apply braking frce Fr cmplete brake failure emergencies, turn n the exhaust brake and dwnshift transmissin Reversing vehicle Bring vehicle t a cmplete stp While hlding brake pedal, press the neutral N buttn n the shift cntrl panel Press the reverse R buttn n the shift cntrl panel Press acceleratr pedal Infrared mde. See Figure Figure Infrared Mde Turn knb n lighting cntrl panel t IR Only the IR lights will perate in this mde Flip the warning light panel cver dwn T return t nrmal peratins, turn knb n lighting cntrl panel t apprpriate lighting scheme. See Figure 5.36.

44 BO peratins. See Figure Figure Blackut Operatins Turn the knb n the lighting cntrl panel t BO The BO lighting will prvide sme illuminatin fr reading r ther tasks Flip the warning light cver panel int place ver the display. See Figure The dash backlighting is infrared and will perate nrmally under BO cnditins Marker lights mde. See Figure Figure Marker Lights Mde Turn the knb n the lighting cntrl panel t MRKR.

45 The marker lights mde switch turns n the frnt and back marker (parking) lights The dash backlighting will perate nrmally under Marker Light cnditins The cmpartment lights will als perate nrmally Headlamp lights mde. See Figure Figure Headlamp Lights Mde Turn the knb n the lighting cntrl panel t HDLP The headlamp lights mde switch turns n the frnt headlights and back lights. See Figure The dash backlighting will perate nrmally under headlamp lights mde cnditins The cmpartment lights will als perate nrmally Dashbard dimmer cntrl. See Figure Click UP fr BRIGHTER dash lighting Click DOWN fr DIMMER dash lighting.

46 Figure Dashbard Dimmer Cntrl Engine shutdwn Pull parking bake knt t set parking brakes Shift transmissin t Neutral N Idle fr 3 t 5 minutes Turn the ignitin switch frm RUN t OFF Flip battery discnnect and tggle switches t the UP psitin Secure frm peratins Chck at least tw wheels, n ppsite sides f the vehicle Secure vehicle: Clse all drs, stwage bins, hatches, and turn ff master battery switch Winch peratins Fllw the steps belw t ensure safety and recvery f the winch during peratin: Check the capacity f the winch. The capacity shwn n the manufacturers plate is the maximum with ne layer f cable n the drum. Each additinal layer increases the diameter f the drum and decreases the capacity t as little as 50 percent.

47 Check the cable fr rust, kinks, r frays Estimate the ttal resistance. Cnsider all factrs that wuld affect the winch and the item it will be pulling Check the equipment. Be sure t rig safely t vercme the resistance with the equipment available Select r prvide a suitable anchr Rig and check rigging. D nt put pwer n the winch until after checking every element in the rigging and are satisfied that there are n mistakes Clear persnnel frm the danger area. All persnnel standing bserving the peratin shuld stand utside the angle frmed by the cable under stress at a distance. Clear all persnnel away befre tightening the cable Single-vehicle winch peratins If the vehicle been dispatched alne and gets int a spt where its tractin is nt enugh t get thrugh, the peratr will need t use the winch and a suitable right t pull the vehicle thrugh Vehicle with winch: Select r cnstruct a strng anchr. Attach a snatch blck t the anchr with the tw chain, run the winch cable thrugh the blck and back t the truck. (See Figure 5.41.) Take up the slack gradually and pull the truck frward with its winch. Pwer may be applied t the wheels at the same time. Refer t the vehicle manufacturer s peratr s manual fr additinal details n the perating the vehicle and winch.

48 Figure Vehicle Winching Tw-vehicle winch peratin Mechanical advantage is gained by using a mechanism t transmit frce. Small frce, when mves thrugh a lng distance by ne r mre mechanisms (pulleys), will mve a large weight (vehicle) fr a shrt distance. Use ne f the fllwing prcedures when rigging fr greater mechanical advantage Tw-part line: This hkup gives a 2:1 advantage (see Figure 5.42.). Attach a snatch blck t the lad. Next, run the winch cable thrugh the blck and secure the cable t the winch vehicle. Place a lg in frnt f the twing vehicle t help hld its grund Three-part line: T get a mechanical advantage f 3:1, use tw snatch blcks- ne at the lad and ne n the winch vehicle (see Figure 5.42.). Thread the winch cable first thrugh the blck n the lad, back thrugh the blck n the winch and then again t the lad where it is secured Fur-part line: This gives the Operatr a 4:1 advantage. Use tw snatch blcks- a duble-sheave blck fr the lad and s single-sheave blck fr the winch vehicle (see Figure 5.42.). Thread the winch cable thrugh ne sheave f the duble blck attached t the lad, back thrugh the single- sheave n the winch vehicle and again t the lad thrugh the secnd sheave f the duble blck. Finally secure it t the winch vehicle.

49 Figure Tw Vehicle Winch Operatins Jump/slave starting peratins A slave cable is ne large cable that is cnnected frm ne running NATO vehicle (i.e. Deuce etc.) t the dead vehicle. There is n psitive and negative pst like cmmercial vehicle class type. Just hk up ne end f the slave cable t the running vehicle and the ther end t the dead vehicle and jump similar t nrmal vehicles. The slave cables shuld have 24 prngs attached under the plug. It plugs int the back end f any M series vehicle and is a 24 vlt cnnectin. Nte: The slave cables are used fr NATO vehicles nly Psitin slaving vehicle and disabled vehicle clse enugh fr cable hkup Stp slaving vehicle engine Remve cver frm slave receptacle f disabled vehicle and slaving vehicle Warning - Ensure all battery cables in disabled vehicle are prperly cnnected befre cnnecting slave cable. Damage t batteries, cables r serius injury t persnnel may result frm imprperly cnnected batteries Cautin - Use a twisting mtin when installing slave cable t the receptacle. Frcefully pushing the cable nt the receptacle may cause damage t the receptacle munt.

50 Nte: Ensure all electrical switches in bth vehicles are turned-ff Cnnect slave cable t the slave receptacle f bth vehicles Start slaving the vehicle engine Start the disabled vehicle engine After engine starts, discnnect slave cable frm bth vehicles Install receptacle cvers n bth vehicles. Nte: Fr easy remval, apply hand cleaner n the inside f the cver befre installing the receptacle cvers Gunner s platfrm peratin Befre-peratin: Depress tw lck buttns n lcking pins and remve lcking pins frm lcking lugs and hles securing platfrm in stwed psitin. Grasp hand hld n platfrm t lift platfrm t either half-height psitin r full- height psitin. If halfheight psitin is required, lift platfrm all the way up, and turn tw latches s that ledges f latches are facing up and parallel t bttm edge f platfrm Lwer the platfrm and allw it t rest n the ledges f latch at half- height psitin. Insert lcking pins thrugh frward lcking hles in platfrm and hles in platfrm risers. If full-height psitin is required, lift platfrm t the full-height psitin, and ensure that rear lcking hles in left and right sides f platfrm are aligned with lcking hles in platfrm risers. Insert lcking pins thrugh rear lcking hles in platfrm and hles in platfrm risers After-peratin: Remve lcking pins securing platfrm in either half-height psitin r full-height psitin by pressing lck buttns and remving lcking pins. Lift up n platfrm and turn tw latches s that ledges f latch are facing dwnward, parallel t flr Lwer platfrm t stwed psitin, and align lcking hles with lcking lugs. Insert lcking pins thrugh lcking hles and lugs Runflat peratins. The vehicles are equipped with runflat tires, allwing the vehicle t be driven with ne r tw tires flat. Fr runflat peratins, refer t Table 5.4.

51 Table 5.4. Runflat Operatins. Cmbinatin f Flat Tires Recmmended Distance Vehicle Speed Tw tires flat- rear 35 mph max. 30 mi (48 km) One tire flat- any 35 mph 30 mi (48 km) lcatin Tw tires flat- same side 35 mph 30 mi (48 km) Tw tires flat-frnt nly 35 mph 30 i (48 km) Nte: WARNING - D nt exceed 35 mph during any runflat peratins. D nt exceed 20 mph (32 kph) with bth rear tires flat. D nt perate the vehicle fr mre than 30 miles Speeds indicated in Table 5.4. are the maximum speeds and must be reduced when traveling n secndary rads, crss- cuntry, r in traffic. Failure t reduce speeds culd cause lss f cntrl f vehicle causing damage t equipment and injury r death t persnnel When driving a vehicle existing cnditins are cnstantly changing. Never drive at a speed greater than is reasnable and prudent fr these cnditins. Lss f vehicle cntrl may ccur, causing damage t equipment and injury r death t persnnel. Nte: WARNING - A wheel that has been ran flat must be replaced and inspected by unit maintenance as sn as pssible befre reuse, r damage t equipment may result Run flat peratin may cause the tread t separate frm the tire and/r wheel. If abnrmal handling is experienced r nise such as flapping r punding arund the wheel well ccurs, the tread needs t be cut away frm the wheel befre cntinuing peratin. Failure t d s culd result in damage t the vehicle. Sectin 6 EXPLANATION AND DEMONSTRATION 6.1. Instructr s Preparatin Establish a training lcatin Obtain apprpriate vehicle peratr s manual Schedule/reserve a vehicle Ensure trainee cmpletes AF Frm 171.

52 6.2. Safety Prcedures and Equipment The fllwing safety items shuld be fllwed by bth the instructr and trainee Chck wheel (if required) when MRAP is parked Remve all jewelry and identificatin tags Persnal prtective equipment and equipment items Safety steel-ted bts must be wrn First aid kit Raingear, cld weather gear, etc Reflective belt during hurs f reduced visibility r n the flightline Hearing/eye prtectin Hand prtectin Head prtectin Walk arund vehicle t becme familiar with and t familiarize and the trainee with all warning labels and signs Ensure trainee wears seat belts Prperly adjust driver s seat and all mirrrs, if available Thrughut demnstratin, practice MRAP safety Practice basic RM prcess during demnstratin: Identify hazards Assess hazards Develp cntrls and make decisins Implement cntrls Supervise and evaluate.

53 6.3. Operatr Maintenance Demnstratin With trainee, accmplish vehicle inspectin using AF Frm 1800, Operatr s Inspectin Guide and Truble Reprt. The vehicle inspectin will fllw the seven-step methd as described in Attachment 4. An inspectin guide (Attachment 2) can be used t ensure all areas f the MRAP are cvered in additin t the Operatin Demnstratin guidelines prvided belw Operatin Demnstratin Thrughut demnstratin: Allw fr questins Repeat demnstratins as needed Fr all MRAPs, within the training area, demnstrate and explain the fllwing. Nte: Use infrmatin cntained n the data plate and/r the peratr s manual: Specific MRAP capacities: Explain parking brake as they apply t MRAP being used MRAP cntrls Shifting pattern Overdrive Pint ut the items t be inspected during peratins Instruments Air pressure gauge (if the vehicle has air brakes) Temperature gauges Pressure gauges Ammeter/vltmeter Mirrrs Tires Carg, carg cvers.

54 Demnstrate the fllwing MRAP peratins and prcedures (use sptter when backing) General driving prcedures Right/left turns Intersectin Urban/rural straight Stpping/starting Curves Railrad crssing Bridge/verpass/sign With the MRAP, demnstrate driving n an ff-rad curse apprved by Security Frces All-terrain peratin: Sandy area Swampy and sandy area Ditches Rcky terrain Prper use f BO markers/turret Backing Parking Nighttime peratins Shw trainee the after peratin inspectin and reprt Ensure vehicle is cleaned Carg straps and chains are prperly stwed.

55 Refuel vehicle Fllwing manufacturer s shut-dwn prcedures Park Apply brakes Place transmissin in neutral (park r an autmatic) Perfrm a walk-arund inspectin Anntate any discrepancies fund n AF Frm Cnclude by allwing time fr questins and any requested re-demnstratins. Sectin 7 TRAINEE PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION 7.1. Trainee Perfrmance Instructr will: Ensure safety at all times. Nte: Stp training when safety items are vilated. Prceed nly when the trainee fully understands hw t avid repeating the safety infractin(s) Chck wheel (if required) when MRAP is parked Remve all jewelry and identificatin tags. Nte: If available, mark vehicle with magnetic sign indicating Driver-in-Training r Trainee Operatr Persnal prtective equipment and ther items: Safety steel-ted bts must be wrn Hand prtectin Head prtectin First aid kit Reflective belt during hurs f reduced visibility r n the flightline Raingear, cld weather gear, etc.

56 Hearing/eye prtectin Pay particular attentin t the cautins and warnings listed in the peratr's manual Ensure trainee wears seat belts Prperly adjust driver s seat and all mirrrs MRAP safety items/prcedures Ensure the driver is aware f driving situatins he/she is t perfrm Cnduct during/after-actin reviews with the trainee (demnstratin may need t be re-accmplished) Trainee will: Ensure AF Frm 1800 is prperly dcumented Demnstrate required peratins and prcedures: Trainee Perfrmance Cnduct peratr maintenance (have trainee explain items being inspected). Nte: Allw trainee t use Attachment 2 as a guide while perfrming inspectin Backing. Serve as the trainee s sptter, r if available, have anther trainee be the sptter Cntinue until trainee can shw prficiency in perating Have trainee practice the MRAP peratins listed belw (use sptter when backing) until they can safely and efficiently perfrm Establish an ff-rad curse and perate the MRAP until trainee perfrms maneuvers safely and efficiently Establish a rad curse and perate the MRAP until trainee perfrms safely and efficiently, the curse shuld include the fllwing: General driving prcedures Right/left turns.

57 Intersectin Urban/rural straight Stpping/starting Curves Railrad crssing Bridge/verpass/sign All-terrain peratin: Sandy area Swampy and sandy area Ditches Rcky terrain Prper use f BO markers/turret Backing Parking Nighttime peratins Perfrm after-peratin inspectin Ensure vehicle cleaned Carg straps and chains are prperly stwed Refueled Fllwing manufacturer s shut-dwn prcedures Park Apply brakes Place transmissin in neutral (park r an autmatic).

58 Perfrm a walk-arund inspectin Reprt any discrepancies fund n AF Frm Perfrmance Evaluatin Trainee will perfrm perfrmance evaluatin fund in Attachment Instructr and trainee will review Attachment Instructr will answer trainee s questins. Nte: If available, mark vehicle with magnetic sign indicating Driver-in-Training r Trainee Operatr Instructr will: Ensure safety at all times Place wheel chcks (if required) when MRAP is parked Remve all jewelry and identificatin tags Persnal prtective equipment and ther items Safety steel-ted bts must be wrn Hand prtectin First aid kit Reflective belt during hurs f reduced visibility r n the flightline Hearing/eye prtectin Head prtectin Pay particular attentin t the cautins and warnings listed in the peratr's manual Ensure trainee wears seat belts Prperly adjust driver s seat and all mirrrs (if available) MRAP safety items/prcedures.

59 Explain driving techniques Establish a rad curse that will have the fllwing: (if the curse des nt have ne f the fllwing, then the trainee shuld be able t explain the crrect driving techniques) General driving prcedures Right/left turns Intersectin Urban/rural straight Stpping/starting Curves Railrad crssing Bridge/verpass/sign All-terrain peratin: Sandy area Swampy and sandy area Ditches Rcky terrain Prper use f BO markers/turret Backing Parking Nighttime peratins Ensure the driver is aware f driving situatins Cnduct after-actin reviews with the trainee Trainee is nt allwed any instructr assists t pass perfrmance evaluatin Evaluatin checklist prvided in Attachment 3.

60 Retraining; retrain N-G s Re-demnstrate N-G items Have trainee re-perfrm until they shw prficiency in perating, critique weaknesses as bserved Re-evaluate.

61 Attachment 1 GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION References AFI , Vehicle Operatins, 5 May 2016 AFMAN , Operatin f Air Frce Gvernment Mtr Vehicles, X January 2017 AFPAM , Risk Management (RM) Guidelines and Tls, 11 February 2013 Adpted Frms AF Frm 171, Request fr Driver s Training and Additin t U.S. Gvernment Drivers, 15 March 2011 AF Frm 847, Recmmendatin fr Change f Publicatin AF Frm 1800, Operatr s Inspectin Guide and Truble Reprt Abbreviatins and Acrnyms ABS Antilck Brake System AF Air Frce AFI Air Frce Instructin AFIMSC Air Frce Installatin Missin Supprt Center AFMAN Air Frce Manual AFQTP Air Frce Qualificatin Training Plan AWD All-Wheel Drive BO Blackut COTS Cmmercial Off the Shelf ECU Electrnic Cntrl Unit FSS Fire Suppressin System GVWR Grss Vehicle Weight Rating HVAC Heating, Ventilatin, and Air Cnditining IAW In Accrdance With IED Imprvised Explsive Device IR Infrared LSS Life Supprt System MRAP Mine Resistance Ambush Prtected MSD Maximum Stpping Distance NMC Nt Missin Capable ONET Operatr New Equipment Training RM Risk Management TO Technical Order VCNCO Vehicle Cntrl Nn Cmmissined Officer VCO Vehicle Cntrl Officer 6WD Six Wheel Drive

62 Attachment 2 MRAP INSPECTION GUIDE GENERAL STEP 1. VEHICLE OVERVIEW Paperwrk AF Frm 1800 Discrepancy Crrectin Cmplete (VM Anntatin) Vehicle Apprach Damage Vehicle Leaning Fresh Leakage f Fluids Hazards Surrunding Vehicle INTERNAL STEP 2. ENGINE COMPARTMENT Leaks/hses/Electrical Wiring Insulatin Oil Level Clant Level Pwer Steering Fluid Hydraulic Fluid Windshield Washer Fluid Battery Fluid Level, Cnnectins & Tie-dwns Autmatic Transmissin Fluid Level Fluid Water Separatr Engine Cmpartment Belts STEP 3. ENGINE START/CAB CHECK (LEFT/FRONT/RIGHT) Safe Start Gauges Oil Pressure Gauge Air Pressure Gauge Temperature Gauge (Clant/Engine Oil) Ammeter/Vltmeter Fire Suppressin System Warning Lights & Buzzers Mirrrs & Windshield & Ballistic Glass Wipers/Washers

63 Emergency & Safety Equipment Red Reflective Triangles Prperly Charged & Rated Fire Extinguisher Optinal (Chains/Tire Changing Equip, Emergency Phne List) 3B Lights/Reflectrs/Reflectr Tape Cnditin (Frnt/Sides/Rear) (Dash Indicatrs fr:) Left Turn Signal Right Turn Signal Fur-Way Emergency Flashers High Beam Headlight ABS Indicatr (If equipped) Clearance Lights (Reflective Clean & Functinal Light & Reflectr Checks Include:) Headlights Taillights Backing Lights Turn Signals Fur-Way Flashers Brake Lights Red Reflectrs & Amber Reflectrs Reflective Tape Cnditin Blackut Lights/Markers Hrn Heater/Defrster Brakes Parking Brake Check Air Brake Check (if equipped) Service Brake Check Safety Belt (TURN-OFF ENGINE/TURN-ON HEADLIGHTS *LOW BEAM* AND FOUR-WAY FLASHERS) STEP 4. WALK-AROUND INSPECTION 4A Steering Steering Bx/Hses Steering Linkages 4B Suspensin Springs/Air/Trque Munts Shck Absrbers

64 4C Brakes Brake Chambers Brake Hses/Lines Drum Brake Brake Linings 4D Wheels Rims Tires Hub Oil Seals/Axle Seals Lug Nuts Spacers & Budd Spacing SIDE OF VEHICLE 4E Drs 4E Mirrrs 4E Fuel Tank 4E Armr Panels 4F Battery REAR OF VEHICLE 4G Frame 4G Rear Ramp 4H Twing Cnnectin

65 Figure A2.1. MRAP Vehicle Inspectin Guide.