Direct Torque Control of BLDC Drives for Electrical Vehicle Application

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Direct Torque Control of BLDC Drives for Electrical Vehicle Application"

Transcription

1 Diret Torque Control of BLDC Drives for Eletril Vehile Applition Gopl Krishn Nik B 1, Blji Gutt 2 1 PG student, EEE Deprtment, Gudlvlleru Engineering College (JNTUK), Gudlvlleru, AP, In 2 Assistnt professor, EEE Deprtment, Gudlvlleru Engineering College, Gudlvlleru, AP, In Astrt-Brushless DC (BLDC) motors re ommonly used for severl industril pplitions euse of their smll size, high torque nd high effiieny. This pper presents Diret torque Control of rushless DC (BLDC) drive y using Hysteresis urrent ontrol tehnique to extend the voltge pity of tteries per hrge in eletri vehile pplitions. In the onventionl urrent ontrol method, the urrent is still drwn from the tteries even when the motor is turned off. To void tht lekge urrent, it is fed to zero rossing detetor. By using Hysteresis omprtor it produes high swithing frequeny, whih produes ripple torque. But in this tehnique only urrent ontrol is possile. The proposed method redues the Torque ripple y ontrolling the inverter swithing instnts nd high swithing frequeny y using ret torque ontrol. The modeling, simultion nd ontrol of the BLDC motor is done y using the MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords:-Brushless DC(BLDC)motor, Hysteresis ontroller, Eletri vehile (EV),Buk Converter(step down),current Soure Inverter(CSI), Zero Crossing Detetor. I. INTRODUCTION Eletri Vehile (EV) is n emerging tehnology in the modern world euse of the ft tht it mitigtes environmentl pollutions nd t the sme time inreses fuel effiieny of the vehiles. Bttery-powered eletri vehiles re one of the solutions proposed to tkle the energy sster nd glol wrming. However, the high initil ost, short driving rnge, long hrging (refueling) time, nd redued pssenger nd rgo spe hve proved the limittion of ttery-powered EVs. The effiieny of the ttery is very importnt, euse the eletri motor uses the exess power of the engine to hrge ttery. If the engine genertes more power thn the driver then it provides dtionl power to ssist the driving. BLDC drives re widely used for driving purpose. BLDC motor is trtionlly defined s permnent mgnet synhronous motor with trpezoidl Bk EMF wveform shpe. BLDC motors do not use rushes for ommuttion, insted, they re eletronilly ommu-tted. The urrent ommuttion is done y solid stte swithes, whih elimintes rush mintenne nd sprking ssoited with them. BLDC motors re one of the motor type s fst gining the interest of the reserhers. This motor ttrts muh interest due to its etter speed, high dynmi response, high effiieny, long operting life, noiseless opertion nd power density, omptness, high torque potentil for steep slope or rod ontions, high reliility, roust-ness for eletri vehile nd offers resonle ost. BLDC motors re used in industries suh s Industril Automtion equipment nd Instrumenttion, Applines, Automotive, Airrft, Consumer, Mel. BLDC motors re ville mny fferent power rtings, whih ffer from very smll motor s used in hrd sk drives to lrge motor used in eletri vehiles. II. CONSTRUCTION OF BLDC MOTOR In onstrution point of view BLDC motor hs two min prts one is the sttor (sttionry prt) nd rotor (rotting prt) in whih the mgneti field generted y sttor nd rotor rottes t the sme frequeny, hene eliminting the slip whih is normlly seen in indution mhine. The sttor hs rmture winngs on sttor nd rotor hs permnent mgnets. Fig 1. Outer Rotor nd Inner Rotors IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 409

2 BLDC motors hve lifelong exittion from permnent mgnets mounted on rotor surfe. There re two si rotor designs inner rotor design nd outer rotor design s shown in fig 1. For the outer rotor design, the winng re loted in the ore of the motor. The rotor mgnets surround the sttor winngs nd ts s n insultor, reduing the rte of het ssiption from the motor. This design opertes t lower duty yles or t lower rted urrent nd it is used in low speed motors. The enefit of this design is reltively low ogging torque. For the inner rotor design, the sttor winng surround the rotor nd is fixed t motor housing. The dvntge of the design is the ility to ssipte het thus retly impts its ility to generte torque nd its lower inerti nd these re used in high speed pplitions. Sttor ommodtes 3-ϕ winngs nd the no of sttor slots is hosen depenng on the rotor poles, winng onfigurtion, phse numer. A frtionl slots/pole design is preferred to minimize ogging torque. The winng slots re uilt into the sttor nd rotting mgneti field is provided y the urrent polrity hnges in the slot winngs. The hnge of urrent polrity must e in ordne to the rotor mgneti field, whih requires the position of the rotor. Hll Effet sensors re fixed on the sttor to provide this informtion. Solid stte swithes re used for urrent ommuttion whih elimintes the need of rushes. A. Opertion of BLDC The fundmentl working priniple of BLDC motor is sme s tht of onventionl DC Motor with the permnent mgnets pled in the rotor nd oils in the sttor. Hving the rmture winngs on sttor helps the ondution of het from the winngs. As the winng is sent on rotor, the rotor opper losses re negligile. The oil winngs re eletrilly seprte from eh other whih llows them to turn on nd off in sequene tht retes rotting mgneti field. The rotor position is to e determined so tht exittion of the sttor field lwys leds to the genertion of torque. The rotor is not eletrilly onneted to the sttor thus preventing ring phenomen whih use ron to e produe hene mking insultion filure. Fig 2. BLDC motor ross setion nd phse energizing sequene Here the ommuttion instnts re determined y the rotor position nd the position of the rotor is deteted either y position sensors or y sensor less tehniques. For this mostly we re using two types of sensors they re Hll Effet sensors nd Optil position sensors. These sensors re pled on shft. The signls from these sensors tht generlly used in BLDC motor drive to energize the pproprite sttor winngs. The permnent mgnets used in BLDC motor it helps to keep the inerti low. The k e.m.f mplitude of the BLDC is proportionl to the rotor speed. TABLE II. Hll Signls nd Phse Sequene Swithin g sequene Seq. no Position sensors Swith losed Phse urrent H 1 H 2 H 3 A B C Q 1 Q Off Q 1 Q 6 + Off Q 3 Q 6 Off Q 3 Q off Q 5 Q 2 - off Q 5 Q 4 off - + The ir gp flux-density wve form is essentilly squre wve, w.r.t the rotor position. Beuse of firing the k e.m.f wveform tkes on trpezoidl shpe. The k e.m.f indued in eh phse re similr in shpe nd re spled y w.r.t eh other. By injeting retngulr urrent pulses in eh phse tht oinides with the rest of the k e.m.f wve form in tht phse, it is possile to otin lmost onstnt torque from the BLDC motor. IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 410

3 Fig 3. Three phse Bk E.M.F nd Torque wve forms The mplitude of the phse k e.m.f is proportionl to the rotor speed, whih is given y E = kϕ ω m (1) Where k = onstnt depends on the no.of turns in eh phse, ϕ = permnent mgnte flux, ωm = mehnil speed. During ny intervl, the instneous power is onverted from eletril form to mehnil form, it is given y P o = ω m T e = 2 EI (2) So the out put torque n e written s T e = 2 kϕ I = T e = k t I (3) Where k t = torque onstnt, T e = out put toque A BLDC motor mthemtil equtions n e derived similr to DC mhines where there re two equivlent iruits, i.e. eletril nd mehnil equtions. Figure 4 shows the si loks of BLDC motor tht ontins three phse sttor iruit nd mehnil prt. Applying Kirhhoff s voltge lw for the three phse sttor loop winng iruits yields Fig 4. 3-ϕ Brushless DC mhine equivlent iruit nd mehnil model. v v ir ir L L e (4) v e (6) ir L e (5) Where, v = instntneous of phse voltge IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 411

4 i = instntneous of phse urrent e = instntneous of phse k-emf voltge R = r-phse resistne L = -phse indutne M= mutul indutne The eletromgneti Torque is given y T e = (e i + e i + e i ) / ω m (7) The sussion hs onentrted on the opertion of BLDC mhine s motor. It n however operte eqully well s genertor in some speil pplitions. III. CONVENTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM It is simple method tht n offer these requirements is the use of urrent ontrol tehnique. Figure 5 shows the struture of urrent ontroller for BLDC motor. The ontrol of urrent n e estlished y ontrolling the three-phse urrent t its referene suh tht Fig 5. Struture of Conventionl Current Control drive for BLDC motor. it will stisfy the equtions (4).As shown y Fig. 5, the motor urrents need to e ontrolled stisfying to their referenes (i *, i *nd i *). The genertions of referene urrents re sed on the torque demnd (i.e. Iref =Te,ref x G 1 ) nd deoded signls (H 1, H 2 nd H 3 ) whih re derived from the Hll Effet signls (H 1, H 2 nd H 3 ) s given in Tle. I TABLE I: Derivtion of Deoded Signls sed on Hll Signls Hll Effet signls Deoded Signls H 1 H 2 H 3 H 1 H 2 H IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 412

5 Eh phse urrent is ontrolled using 2-level hysteresis omprtor, whih is responsile to produe pproprite swithing sttus to e fed into the inver-ter, either to inrese or derese the phse urrent suh tht its error (or urrent ripple) is restrited within the hysteresis nd (HB).In suh wy, the referene urrent for eh phse will hve the sme pttern wveform with the respetive deoded signls. In the onventionl urrent ontrol method, the urrent is still drwn from the tteries even the referene urrent is set to zero. As the phse urrent needs to e regulted IGBTs/MOSFETs in the inverter,. When the torque pedl is relesed (T e,ref = 0) nd one the tul motor torque is ompletely redued to zero. This setion presents urrent loking strtegy to void wste of energy from the ttery (due to the urrent drwn) when the torque pedl is relesed (i.e. T e, ref = 0) for eletri vehile pplitions. This simply n e estlished with minor mofition on the originl struture of urrent ontrol (shown in Fig. 5) Using hysteresis omprtor s shown in Fig. 6 within the hysteresis nd t round zero Amperes (A). To lok the urrent drwn from the ttery, the proposed urrent loking strtegy will turn OFF ll. By referring to the Fig. 6, the tivtion of urrent loking strtegy requires the solute vlue of torque demnd, T e,ref nd phse urrents (i, i nd i ) whih re then fed into zero rossing detetor nd hysteresis omprtor, respeti-vely. Fig 6. Conventionl urrent loking strtegy sed on hysteresis omprtor The tivtion to swith OFF ll IGBTs/MOSFETs in urrent soure inverter will perform if the torque produ-tion, Te nd torque demnd, Te,ref derese to zero. For lerer piture, the ontion of the tivtion is illustrted in Fig 7. Otherwise, norml swithing oper-tion to keep the urrent (or torque) to e regulted within the hysteresis nd will perform. Fig 7. Bloking Strtegy is Ativted if Te nd T e,ref Derese to IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM COMPONENTS A. Current Controller Hysteresis ontrol is one of the simplest losed-loop ontrol shemes. A referene sine wve urrent is omp-red with the tul phse urrent. When the urrent exeeds presried hysteresis nd, the upper swith in the inverter ridge is turned off IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 413

6 nd the lower swith is turned on, nd the urrent strts to dey. As the urrent rosses the lower nd limit, the lower swith is turned off nd the upper swith is turned on. The tul urrent is fored to trk the sine referene within the hysteresis nd y k nd forth (or ng-ng) swithing of the upper nd lower swithes. The inverter then essentilly eomes urrent soure with pek-to-pek urrent ripple, whih is ontrolled within the hysteresis nd. In hysteresis ontrol, the vlue of the ontrolled vrile is fored to sty within ertin limits round its referene vlue. By ompring with PWM tehnique, hysteresis urrent ontroller is preferred, onsidering its performne, fst retion mximum urrent limit nd insensile to lod prmeter vritions. Due to lk of oorntion mong invidul hysteresis ontrollers of three phses, very high swithing frequeny t lower modultion index my hppen [7]. The sdvntge of the hysteresis nd ontrol tehnique re the high nd unontrolled swithing. frequenies when nrrow hysteresis nd is used nd lrge ripples when the hysteresis nd is wider [8]. The unontrolled swithing frequeny mkes it ffiult to filter the ousti nd eletromgneti noise. The swit-hing method used here is the soft hopping method in whih only the upper swith is turned on nd off while the lower swith is left on. This method produes less torque ripple nd less swithing losses thn the hrd hopp-ing method. Only urrent ontrol is implemented here. The reson is tht if position ontrol is to e implemented in the sme wy s the torque nd the position ontrol, it would only e possile y onstntly reversing the rotor speed so tht the rotor ngle would sty within the hysteresis nd.. B. Retifier Retifier is n eletroni equipment; tht onverts lternting urrent to ret urrent (A.C-D.C), whih flows only in one retion. Mny pplitions of retif-iers, suh s power supplies for television nd omputer equipment, ros, where onstnt DC urrent (s would e produed y ttery) is required. In these pplitions the output of the retifier is urved y n eletroni filter (usully pitor) to generte stedy urrent. C. DC/DC Converter (Buk Converter) A uk onverter is voltge step down nd urrent step up onverter. The si opertion of the uk onverter hs the urrent in n indutor restrited y two swithes (usully trnsistor nd ode). Fig 8. DC /D.C (uk) onverter In this pper, the uk onverter is used for voltge step down purpose of retified D.C. the voltge is eing ontrolled depenng on the duty rtio (D). The gte signls re generted y using urrent speed wve forms of the motor. This ontrolled voltge is fed to the ttery. Output voltge of uk onverter V o = D V in (8) D. Current Soure Inverter (C.S.I) An inverter is n eletroni devie tht hnges ret urrent (DC) to lternting urrent (AC). The input voltge, output voltge nd frequeny, nd overll power hndling depend on the design of the prtiulr devie. The onverter is three phse DC to AC onverter nd it onsists of six solid stte semiondutor swithes s shown in Figure 9. Mosfets nd IGBT re the most ommon types of swithes used. In lower power pplition, Mosfets re preferred over IGBT. The power eletroni onverter is neessry to operte the BLDC mhine. Current ommuttion is done y six-step inverter. The three phse BLDC motor is operting in two phses-on fshion whih mens the two phses tht produe the highest torque re energized while the third phse is off, see Figure 2. The two phses re energized depends on the rotor position. Hll Effet position sensors re most frequently used. IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 414

7 The inverter is responsile for oth the Eletroni ommuttion nd urrent regultion. The ondution of every phse winng is determined y the rotor position where the position n e known from hll effet sensors tht provides three git output tht hnges every 60 degree (eletril degrees).the genertion of three gitized outputs (i.e. H1,H2 nd H3) from the sensor orng to the rotor position n e lso desried in Tle 2. Fig 9. Three-Phse DC /AC inverter. The power eletroni inverter must e ple of pplying positive, negtive nd zero voltge ross the motor phse terminls. Eh drive phse onsists of one motor terminl driven high, one motor terminl driven low, nd one motor terminl floting [6]. V. PROPOSED DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL TOPOLOGY In the onventionl urrent ontrol strtegy only urrent will e ontrolled, with high ripples in torque. The Diret Torque Control sheme is extended to BLDC motor drives to minimize the Torque Ripples. The eletro-mgneti torque nd the sttor flux linkge mplitude of the BLDC motor under 2-phse ondution mode n e ontrolled simultneously. Here we re going to redue the ripples in torque y using ret torque ontrol. Minly BLDC drive hs drwk of high torque pulstion. Bsilly it is used y two-omponents one is ripple torque nd nother one is ommuttion torque. The min omponents of ripple torque re motor relted nd inverter relted. Motor relted omponents re produed y the non-idelities in the k e.m.f wve forms. Here Motor reltes ogging torque, inverter reltes ripple torque. Ripple torque is onsequene of the intertion of the rmture urrents with the mhine k e.m.f wve forms. Cogging torque produed y vrition of relutne used y the sttor slot openings s rotor rottes. Cogging torque n e redued y skewing nd y hoosing frtionl slot/pole motor design. Fig 10. Blok grm of proposed system The inverter relted ripple torque omponents deprture from the idel retngulr urrent profiles due to finite indutne. The inverter relted ripple torque is used y the Hysteresis ontroller euse whih produes high swithing frequeny urrent ripple. This high frequeny ripple is used y orresponng ripple in phse urrent. The k e.m.f relted omponent hs high frequeny; it is Six times of the eletril frequeny, orresponng to the six ondution intervls in eh yle. At low speeds they n ffet the performne of the drive, ut t high speeds it is not prolem s it is filtered out y lod inerti. This high frequeny torque ripple is redued y ontrolling the urrent nd rotor position. The seond omponent of inverter relted torque ripple is ommuttion torque ripple, it ours t every ommuttion instnt. The torque ripple genertes some of the urrents t ON/OFF position lmost never onstnt during the swithing instnts. Here IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 415

8 the urrent is ommutted from B - phse to C phse. The rte t whih the urrent uilds up in C phse is greter thn the rte t whih deys in B phse, whih results in urrent ripple in A phse nd resultnt ripple in torque prodution. This torque ripple depends on rotor speed nd soure voltge. This ommuttion ripple omponent is minimized y using urrent sensor in eh phse. Here D.C/D.C onverter ontrols the soure voltge, BLDC motor urrent nd tul speed (ω m ). Atul speed ompred with referene speed (ω*) nd is ontrolled using PI ontroller. The PWM ontroller genertes the swithing pulses to the uk onverter, whih ontrols the soure voltge. Fig 11. Ripple Torque Wve Forms In onventionl urrent ontrol only urrent ontrol is possile, ut hving lrge torque ripple s shown in ove fig 11.(ripple is nerly 1.4 N-m). VI. SIMULATION CIRCUITS AND RESULTS Fig 12. Simulink Blok Digrm of Overll System The ove figure.12 shows simultion grm of overll ontrolling system. It ontins. soure, d./d. onverter, inverter nd BLDC drive. Fig 13. Simulink Ciruit of Controlling Ciruit IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 416

9 Figure13 shows the simultion grm of inverter ontrolling system. It ontrols torque nd speed y ontrolling urrent nd rotor position. Fig 14. Hll Sensor Signls Figure 14 shows the hll signls re generted y the lekge flux t the pproprite rotor positions Fig 15. Bk E.M.F Wve Forms Figure 15 shows Bk E.M.F wve forms. Whih re spled y 1200 w.r.t eh other in 3-phse mhine. Fig 16. Motor Sttor Currents. Figure 16 shows 3-phse sttor urrents nd the urrent error ripple is restrited within the predefined nd gp. Fig.17. loking strtegy Motor lekge Currents Aove fig.17 wve forms shows lekge urrent of the motor. Current ripple is redued smll mount ompred to urrent ontrol 1A to 0.8 A. IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 417

10 Fig.18(). Torque wve forms The ove figure shows redued ripple torque wveforms. Fig18(). Torque Wve Forms The ove figure shows redued ripple torque wveforms (ripple is redued from 1.4 N-m to 0.12 N-m). Fig 19.Speed Wve Forms Aove figures 18 & 19 shows Torque nd speed wve forms, these re in positive nd negtive. It n e oserved s the speed nd torque dereses (during motor rking) the frequeny of the urrent wveforms dereses nd s the speed nd torque inrese (during motor elertion) the frequeny of the urrent wveforms inreses. By the opertion of BLDC motor it n however work s genertor. The polrity of Torque n e reversed y simply reversing the polrity of phse urrent wveforms w.r.t k e.m.f. wveforms. In regenertive reking it is used n dvntge, in vehile popultion. For exmple speil rrngements re needed in the power onverter to llow the energy returned y the mhine, s onventionl ode ridge retifiers re unle to feed k to the A.C. supply. In utomoile pplitions this sitution is onsiderly simplified y using the ttery s soure. TABLE 2: Performne Comprison Without Bloking Strtegy Current ontrol Diret Torque ontrol Torque Ripple 1.6 N-m 1.4 N-m 0.12 N-m Current Ripple 4.9 A 1 A 0.8 A IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 418

11 Volume 2 Issue XII, Deemer 2014 VII. CONCLUSION This pper presents simultion results of Diret Torque Control of rushless DC (BLDC) drive y using Hysteresis urrent ontrol tehnique to extend the voltge pity of tteries per hrge in eletri vehile pplitions. In the onventionl urrent ontrol method, the urrent is still drwn from the tteries even when the motor is turned off. To void tht lekge urrent, it is fed to zero rossing detetor. By using Hysteresis omprtor it produes high swithing frequeny, whih produes ripple torque. But in this tehnique only urrent ontrol is possile. The proposed method redues the Torque ripple y ontrolling the inverter swithing instnts nd high swithing frequeny y using Diret Torque ontrol. The simultions of the ret torque ontrol were performed using MATLAB/Simulink. REFERENCES [1] Ahmd Fiz Noor Azm, Auzni Jin, Nor Azzi Ngtimn, M.H Jopri, Mustf Mnp, Adeline Lukr Herlino, Nor Fezh Alis urrent ontrol of ld drive for ev pplition,ieee 7th Interntionl Power Engineering nd Optimiztion Conferene (PEOCO2013), Lngkwi, Mlyssi. 3-4 June,2013. [2] Lefley, P., L. Petkovsk, nd G. Cvetkovski. Optimiztion of the design prmeters of n symmetri rushless DC motor for ogging torque minimiztion in Power Eletronis nd Applitions (EPE 2011), Proeeng of the thEuropen Conferene on [3] Bhri N., Jin A., Adullh A. R. nd Othmn M. N., Modeling nd Simultion of Torque Hysteresis Controller for Brushless DC Motor Drives, IEEE Symposium on Industril Eletronis nd Applitions ISIEA, [4] Myer, J.S. nd O. Wsynzuk, Anlysis nd modelling of single-phse rushless DC motor drive system, Energy Conversion, IEEE Trnstions on, (3): p [5] Jin, A., Idris, N. R. N., Ytim, A. H. M., Sutikno, T. nd Eluluk, M. E. An Optimized Swithing Strtegy for Quik Dynmi Torque Control in DTC-Hysteresis-Bsed Indution Mhines, IEEE Trnstions on Industril Eletronis,2011, Vol. 58, pp [6] Norhzilin Binti Bhri; Jin, Auzni in; Adullh, Adul Rhim in; Md Nzri in Othmn; Mnp, Mustf in, "Modeling nd simultion of torque hysteresis ontroller for rushless DC motor drives," Industril Eletronis nd Applitions (ISIEA), 2012 IEEE Symposium on, vol., no., pp.152,155, Sept [7] Hendershot, J.R nd T. Miller. Design of Brushless Permnent Mgnet Motors. Oxford: Mgn Physis Pulitions & Oxford Siene Pulition, [8] Ching-Tsi, P. nd C. Ting-Yu, An improved hysteresis urrent ontroller for reduing swithing frequeny. Power Eletronis, IEEE Trnstions on, (1): p [9] KS Low M.F Rhmn nd K.W Lim. Approhes to the Control of Torque nd Current in Brushless D Drive,2002. Gopl Krishn Nik. B Reeived his B.Teh degree in Eletril nd Eletronis Engineering from Chirl Engineering College, Chirl, ffilited to JNTU, Kkind in He is pursuing M.Teh in the deprtment of Eletril nd Eletril Engineering with speiliztion in Power Eletronis nd Eletri Drives in Gudlvlleru Engineering College, Gudlvlleru, A.P, In. His reserh interests inlude Power Eletroni Converters nd Drives. BALAJI GUTTA hs reeived his B.Teh degree from Gudlvlleru Engineering ollege, Gudlvlleru under J.N.T.University, Hyderd in the yer M.Teh degree with the speiliztion of Eletril Drives nd Control from Ponherry Engineering College in the yer At present he is working s n Assistnt Professor in Gudlvlleru Engineering ollege, Gudlvlleru. His res of interest re Eletril Mhines nd Drives, Power Eletronis, Eletril Ciruits, nd Control Systems. IJRASET 2014: All Rights re Reserved 419

3/8" Square Multi-Turn Cermet Trimmer

3/8 Square Multi-Turn Cermet Trimmer www.vishy.om 3/8" Squre Multi-Turn Cermet Trimmer Vishy Sfernie FEATURES Industril grde W t 70 C Tests ording to CECC 41000 or IEC 60393-1 The is smll size trimmer - 3/8" x 3/8" x 3/16" - nswering PC ord

More information

Sizing and Simulation of a Flywheel Energy Storage System for Ramea Hybrid Power System

Sizing and Simulation of a Flywheel Energy Storage System for Ramea Hybrid Power System 1 Sizing nd Simultion of Flywheel Energy Storge System for Rme Hyrid Power System 1 K. Islm, M.T. Iql nd R. hshn Fulty of Engineering & pplied Siene Memoril University of Newfoundlnd, St. John s, NL, nd

More information

3/8" Square Multi-Turn Cermet Trimmer

3/8 Square Multi-Turn Cermet Trimmer www.vishy.om 3/8" Squre Multi-Turn Cermet Trimmer Vishy Sfernie FEATURES Industril grde W t 70 C Tests ording to CECC 41000 or IEC 60393-1 The is smll size trimmer - 3/8" x 3/8" x 3/16" - nswering PC ord

More information

ELECTRICAL and IGNITION 2 A IGNITION SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL and IGNITION 2 A IGNITION SYSTEM ELECTRICAL nd IGNITION 2 A IGNITION SYSTEM Tle of Contents Pge Desription................................... 2A-1 Test Proedures............................... 2A-1 Diret Voltge Adpter (DVA) Tests...........

More information

Electrical measurement and control. Measurement Transformers and Shunts

Electrical measurement and control. Measurement Transformers and Shunts Eletril mesurement nd ontrol Mesurement Trnsformers nd Shunts M.7 - Mesurement Trnsformers nd Shunts serie MC Mesurement Trnsformers nd Shunts Single-phse Effiient urrent trnsformers... M7-7 serie MC-3

More information

Harmonic Reduction of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Connected To the Grid

Harmonic Reduction of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Connected To the Grid P (pu) 24 IJEDR Volume 2, Issue 2 ISSN: 2329939 Hrmoni Redution of Douly Fed Indution Genertor onneted To the Grid Jdv Pnkj, 2 elim Firdus, P.G. Student (Eletril System), 2 P.G. Student (Eletril System)

More information

Operation Manual. Meter Relay Model NRE-65A

Operation Manual. Meter Relay Model NRE-65A Opertion Mnul Meter Rely Model NRE-65A I-2331-1/2 We thnk you for your purhse of our model NRE-65A series meter rely. For sfety use of this produt, plese oserve the following ution. For proper opertion

More information

AP, India

AP, India TORQUE RIPPLES REDUCTION IN BLDC DRIVE FOR ELECTRIC AUTOMOBILE APPLICATION 1 YALAMANDARAO PAPISETTI, 2 GOPALA KRISHNA NAIK BHUKYA 1 P.G Scholar(PS), 2 Asst. professor, EEE Department, G.V.R&S College of

More information

CS 7700 FULL FUNCTION LOBBY TERMINAL REAR LOAD - 15" OR 19" DISPLAY

CS 7700 FULL FUNCTION LOBBY TERMINAL REAR LOAD - 15 OR 19 DISPLAY L0 LL -800--600 R S 00 FULL FUNTION LOBBY TERMINL RER LOD - " OR " DISPLY mm ( ") UL SFE ONSULT WITH DIEBOLD INSTLLTION/SERVIE BRNH FOR DDITIONL DETILS ND INFORMTION. PLESE SEE PLNNING ND SITE PREPRTION

More information

Connectors according to DIN /IEC

Connectors according to DIN /IEC Connetors ording to DIN 41612 /IEC 60603-2 26 ept GmH I Tel. +49 (0) 88 61/25 01 0 I Fx +49 (0) 88 61/55 07 I E-Mil sles@ept.de I www.ept.de Contents Introdution 28 Overview 30 The Stndrd 32 Derting Digrms

More information

CS 5700 LOBBY CASH DISPENSER REAR LOAD - 15" DISPLAY OR 19" DISPLAY TYPICAL ACCESS TO LEVELING LEGS - RANGE (2) EACH SIDE OF SAFE CEN I SAFE ONLY * *

CS 5700 LOBBY CASH DISPENSER REAR LOAD - 15 DISPLAY OR 19 DISPLAY TYPICAL ACCESS TO LEVELING LEGS - RANGE (2) EACH SIDE OF SAFE CEN I SAFE ONLY * * L LL -800--600 S 00 LOBBY SH DISPENSER RER LOD - " DISPLY OR " DISPLY 40mm ( 6") EN I, EN III GS or EN IV GS SFES SFE ( 6 ") ONSULT WITH DIEBOLD NIXDORF INSTLLTION/SERVIE BRNH FOR DDITIONL DETILS ND INFORMTION.

More information

SureForce Bar Clamps. More powerful clamping force with less effort

SureForce Bar Clamps. More powerful clamping force with less effort The Pros Know SureFore Br Clmps More powerful lmping fore with less effort EXCEPTIONAL RELIABLE TOUGH The essene of n Amerin legy Totlly seled threds withstnd high impt work environments inluding dust,

More information

Basic module type PVBZ. PVP with integrated HPCO. Tech Note

Basic module type PVBZ. PVP with integrated HPCO. Tech Note Bsi module type PVBZ PVP with integrted HPCO Teh Note Bsi module type PVBZ Teh Note Contents ontents Introdution... 3 Setionl drwing... 4 Funtion... 5 Tehnil dt... 6 PVP Pump side module with T0... 7 PVBZ

More information

Power electronic topologies for wind turbines

Power electronic topologies for wind turbines XIX JORNADAS de CONFERENCIAS JCEE 14 Power electronic topologies for wind turbines Author: Source: ALSTOM WIND Presenttion of the wind systems: lrge numbers Annul offshore wind instlltion (011) Source:

More information

CALL HEIGHT CARD READER TOP OF MONITOR FRONT SIDE CONCRETE SURFACE TO BE FLAT AND LEVEL IN AREA OF UNIT

CALL HEIGHT CARD READER TOP OF MONITOR FRONT SIDE CONCRETE SURFACE TO BE FLAT AND LEVEL IN AREA OF UNIT R OPTEV 5 EXTERIOR SH DISPENSER 5 HIGH ND mm ( ") SFE L009 LL -800-999-600 HEIGHT DEPTH 65 TOP FUNTION KEY 06 (4 ") 8 ( (4 8 ") 89 (5 4 ") (4 8 ") (5 9 8 ") ( 98 8 ") (8 D E RD REDER REEIPT PRINTER DVNED

More information

GUARDIAN MEDIUM PRESSURE

GUARDIAN MEDIUM PRESSURE GUARDIAN MEDIUM PRESSURE P1100 & P00 GUARDIAN INDUSTRIAL & ATEX Exi CERTIFIED PRESSURE SWITCH The stndrd rnge represents the bsi models to over pressure pplitions for settings of between 0. nd 19 br (3

More information

Unbalanced Voltage Compensation by Interline Photo Voltaic Systems

Unbalanced Voltage Compensation by Interline Photo Voltaic Systems Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems Unlned Voltge ompenstion y Interline Photo Volti Systems h. shok Kumr 1 M. Umrni 2 1PG Sholr, Deprtment of EEE,

More information

Power Flow Comparisons in a Transmission Line with UPFC and SSSCs Devices

Power Flow Comparisons in a Transmission Line with UPFC and SSSCs Devices Power Flow oprisons in Trnsission Line with UPF nd SSSs Devies rkh Rjpurohit & nil Kur hudhry Deprtent of Eletril & Eletronis Engineering, MT, Mndsur, ndi E-il : rkhrjpurohit7@gilo, nilkur6352@gilo strt

More information

LifeTec PP N PROCESS FILTRATION FROM PURE TO STERILE MAIN FEATURES & BENEFITS PRODUCT DESCRIPTION INDUSTRIES

LifeTec PP N PROCESS FILTRATION FROM PURE TO STERILE MAIN FEATURES & BENEFITS PRODUCT DESCRIPTION INDUSTRIES FROM PURE TO STERILE MAIN FEATURES & BENEFITS Extremely durle Polypropylene onstrution Outstnding flow rte Extremely high dirt holding pity Asymmetril filter mtrix for longer servie life Approved for Food

More information

Method of Shorted Turn Monitoring in the Turbogenerator Rotor Winding

Method of Shorted Turn Monitoring in the Turbogenerator Rotor Winding Pro. of the 5th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Eletri Power Systems, High Voltges, Eletri Mhines, Tenerife, Spin, Deemer 16-18, 25 (pp468-473) Method of Shorted Turn Monitoring in the Turogenertor Rotor Winding

More information

HFKN. The SMW-AUTOBLOK. Technology at the highest level:

HFKN. The SMW-AUTOBLOK. Technology at the highest level: Tehnology t the highest level: The SMWAUTOBOK FK Esy lurition even on vertil mhines with 3 rdil uiltin grese nipples. rge through hole for full use of spindle ore. igh effiieny of the wedge r drive ensures

More information

Model 3500 Transmitter (9-wire) or Model 3300 Peripheral

Model 3500 Transmitter (9-wire) or Model 3300 Peripheral Quik Referene Guide P/N 3300995, Rev. C April 2003 Model 3500 Trnsmitter (9-wire) or Model 3300 Peripherl Instlltion Instrutions for Rk-Mount For online tehnil support, use the EXPERT 2 system t www.expert2.om.

More information

ARGUS DIFFERENTAL PRESSURE FEATURES. D560 ARGUS ATEX Exd, Exia & INDUSTRIAL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

ARGUS DIFFERENTAL PRESSURE FEATURES. D560 ARGUS ATEX Exd, Exia & INDUSTRIAL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ARGUS DIFFERENTAL PRESSURE D560 ARGUS ATEX Exd, Exi & INDUSTRIAL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH These swithes hve been designed to suit pplitions where differentil pressures re to be sensed. The Argus provides

More information

Timing/Synchronizing/ Adjusting (3 Cylinder Models)

Timing/Synchronizing/ Adjusting (3 Cylinder Models) Timing/Synhronizing/ Adjusting (3 Cylinder Models) 2. Timing Light* 91-99379 Speifitions 65 JET, 75 nd 90 Models Full Throttle RPM Rnge Model 75 Model 65 JET/90 4750-5250 5000-5500 Idle RPM (in FORWARD

More information

PRODUCT INFORMATION. English MCF - MBF - MBL HIGH PRESSURE. Series

PRODUCT INFORMATION. English MCF - MBF - MBL HIGH PRESSURE. Series PRODUCT INFORMATION English Series MCF - MBF - HIGH PRESSURE SERIES MCF - MBF - Aout us Ing. Ene Mttei SpA is n Itlin ompny tht hs een produing ir ompressors sine 1919. Over the yers, the ompny hs ontinully

More information

CRUISE CONTROL (VACUUM TYPE)

CRUISE CONTROL (VACUUM TYPE) 3 RUISE ONTROL (VUUM TYPE) FROM POWER SOURE SYSTEM (SEE PGE 5) 5 EU IG 5 GUGE 8 5 E R L 5 T HEK R R R J3 JUNTION 9 3 R L 7 J/ NO. 3 4, 3 RUISE ONTROL INDITOR LIGHT [OM. METER] 6 W L W L IG LG R 4 IG PI

More information

An Experimental Investigation of Jatropha Biodiesel Blends in a Multi Cylinder CI Engine: Performance and Emissions Study

An Experimental Investigation of Jatropha Biodiesel Blends in a Multi Cylinder CI Engine: Performance and Emissions Study Reserh Artile Interntionl Journl of Current Engineering nd Tehnology ISSN 77-1 13 INPRESSCO. All Rights Reserved. Aville t http://inpresso.om/tegory/ijet An Experimentl Investigtion of Jtroph Biodiesel

More information

5000 series strike. Installation Instructions. ASSA ABLOY, the global leader in door opening solutions HES 2005

5000 series strike. Installation Instructions. ASSA ABLOY, the global leader in door opening solutions HES 2005 22630 North 17th Avenue Phoenix, Arizon 85027 Tehnil Support: 800.626.7590 support@hesinnovtions.om www.hesinnovtions.om 5000 series strike Instlltion Instrutions ASSA ABLOY, the glol leder in door opening

More information

AIR CONDITIONERS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION FROM 1,5 TO 20 kw

AIR CONDITIONERS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION FROM 1,5 TO 20 kw IT COOLING TELECOM SOLUTIONS AIR CONDITIONERS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION FROM 1,5 TO 20 kw 4Low opertionl nd mintenne osts 4Wide rnge of full inverter solutions 4Relibility nd extended opertion 4Advned ontrol

More information

Microelectronics Journal

Microelectronics Journal Miroeletronis Journl 44 (2013) 553 560 Contents lists ville t SiVerse SieneDiret Miroeletronis Journl journl homepge: www.elsevier.om/lote/mejo Low voltge dul mode logi: Model nlysis nd prmeter extrtion

More information

Active damping devices for aeroelastic models

Active damping devices for aeroelastic models Ative dmping devies for eroelsti models D. Rohi 1, T. Blduzzi 1, G. Czzulni 1 nd T. Argentini 1 1 Deprtment of Mehnis, Politenio di Milno, Vi L Ms 1, Milno, Itly. dniele.rohi@polimi.it Abstrt The dmping

More information

Electric Vehicle Simulator for Energy Consumption Studies in Electric Mobility Systems

Electric Vehicle Simulator for Energy Consumption Studies in Electric Mobility Systems Eletri Vehile Simultor for Energy Consumption Studies in Eletri Moility Systems Rirdo Mi, Mro Silv, Rui Arújo, nd Urno Nunes Astrt One of the most importnt environmentl prolems in lrge ities is the vehiulr

More information

MANN+HUMMEL In-line oil filters

MANN+HUMMEL In-line oil filters MANN+HUMMEL In-line oil filters 5 MANN+HUMMEL In-line oil filters MANN+HUMMEL in-line filters re used minly in ydruli systems, for te filtrtion of engine nd gerbox oil, nd in lube-oil iruits in generl

More information

CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Mech"nic"l Engineering

CATALYST GROUP) Bsic Mechnicl Engineering CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Mech"nic"l Engineering 1. In " split ph"se motor, the running winding should h"ve (") high resist"nce "nd low induct"nce (b) low resist"nce "nd high induct"nce (c) high resist"nce

More information

Study on the Characteristics of Gas Molecular Mean Free Path in Nanopores by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Study on the Characteristics of Gas Molecular Mean Free Path in Nanopores by Molecular Dynamics Simulations Int. J. Mol. Si. 2014, 15, 12714-12730; doi:10.3390/ijms150712714 Artile OPEN ACCESS Interntionl Journl of Moleulr Sienes ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.om/journl/ijms Study on the Chrteristis of Gs Moleulr Men

More information

Linear measuring technology

Linear measuring technology Mesuring length mx 125 m Trverse speed mx 10 m/s The drw wire mehnis 50 ost oth ompt design nd high dynmis The drw wire mehnis my e equipped with enoders with n nlog, inrementl or solute put The mximum

More information

NV/NH horizontal fuse-switch disconnectors KVL for busbar mounting

NV/NH horizontal fuse-switch disconnectors KVL for busbar mounting 60 mm usr system NV/NH horizontl fuse-swith disonnetors KVL for usr mounting Uniform over utout KVL - horizontl fuse-swith disonnetors with different sizes n e omined together nd form uniform over utout.

More information

HF Bloc-...-VPS HF Bloc-...-DSLC-SG HF Bloc-...-DSLC-HP

HF Bloc-...-VPS HF Bloc-...-DSLC-SG HF Bloc-...-DSLC-HP HF Blo Doule vlve omintion Nominl dimeter DN 50 - DN 300 HF Blo-...-VPS HF Blo-...-DSLC-SG HF Blo-...-DSLC-HP 7.70 Printed in Germny Edition 02.10 Nr. 255 933 1 6 Tehnology DUNGS doule vlve omintion HF

More information

864293A02 4.3L (262 CID) MANIFOLD CONVERSION

864293A02 4.3L (262 CID) MANIFOLD CONVERSION 864293A02 4.3L (262 CID) MANIFOLD CONVERSION Models Covered Notie Prts List Additionl Prts Needed Models Covered Seril Numer Or Yer 4.3L (262 CID) Single Piee Mnifolds 0F803800 nd Aove NOTICE After ompleting

More information

V-JETm2 / JET-R User s Manual

V-JETm2 / JET-R User s Manual V-JETm2 / JET-R User s Mnul 1 Pkge Contents Trnsmitter Reeiver Speifitions Prout Usge Connetor Type Operting Frequeny Rnge Wireless Distne Wireless Vieo Streming HDMI / USB-C 57GHz ~ 64GHz Mx. 10 meters

More information

Electrical System. Table of Contents. Section 4A - Starting System. Starting System

Electrical System. Table of Contents. Section 4A - Starting System. Starting System Eletril System Strting System Tle of Contents Setion 4A - Strting System Preutions...4A-2 MerCruiser Color Wiring Digrms...4A-4 Strter Identifition...4A-2 Strter Speifitions...4A-2 Torque Speifitions...4A-3

More information

ADVANCED ENGINE PERFORMANCE SPECIALIST TEST (L1)

ADVANCED ENGINE PERFORMANCE SPECIALIST TEST (L1) REVISED 2016 ADVANCED ENGINE PERFORMANCE SPECIALIST TEST (L1) COMPOSITE VEHICLE TYPE 4 REFERENCE BOOKLET This ooklet is intended only for referene when prepring for nd tking the ASE Advned Engine Performne

More information

JET PUMP R1 JUNE 1996 JET PUMP

JET PUMP R1 JUNE 1996 JET PUMP JET PUMP 5 90-831996R1 JUNE 1996 JET PUMP 5-1 Tle Of Contents Pge Generl Informtion....................... 5-1 Priniples of Opertion................. 5-1 Speil Tools.......................... 5-2 Serviing

More information

Electrical System. Table of Contents. Section 4C - Ignition System. Ignition System

Electrical System. Table of Contents. Section 4C - Ignition System. Ignition System Eletril System Ignition System Tle of Contents Setion 4C - Ignition System Exploded View Distriutor nd Relted Components...4C-4 Preutions...4C-2 Timing Speifitions...4C-6 3.0 TKS...4C-6 3.0 MPI ECT...4C-6

More information

PERSEUS DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE DF61 & DF62 ATEX & IECEx Exd, Exia & INDUSTRIAL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH

PERSEUS DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE DF61 & DF62 ATEX & IECEx Exd, Exia & INDUSTRIAL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH PERSEUS DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE DF61 & DF62 ATEX & IECEx Exd, Exi & INDUSTRIAL DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH The ltest innovtion to our rnge of swithes fetures robust high qulity housing with 1 or 2 seled

More information

B E CORE OPENING DIMENSION PRINT, KD KW SCALE CEK KW ALTERNATOR FRAME SIZE KH04830TO4D KH05520TO4D KH03850TO4D

B E CORE OPENING DIMENSION PRINT, KD KW SCALE CEK KW ALTERNATOR FRAME SIZE KH04830TO4D KH05520TO4D KH03850TO4D 0-0 KW LEFT SIE ONLY WHEN REKERS OR LO US RE PRESENT ON LEFT SIE REUNNT TTERY HRGERS [.] [.] [.] ONTROLLER OPTIONL TTERY RK [.] 0 [.] 0 [.] SUGGESTE FUEL SUPPLY/ RETURN STU-UP RE OOLNT RIN MOEL LTERNTOR

More information

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 4 A STARTING SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 4 A STARTING SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 4 A 72079 STARTING SYSTEM Tle of Contents Pge Strters (PG260 And Delo-Remy)......... 4A-1 Speifitions......................... 4A-1 Torque Speifitions.................. 4A-2 Lurints,

More information

PROJECTIONS OF PLANES

PROJECTIONS OF PLANES PROJECTIONS OF PLANES A plne is two imensionl ojet hving length n reth only. Its thikness is lwys neglete. Vrious shpes of plne figures re onsiere suh s squre, retngle, irle, pentgon, hexgon, et. PROJECTIONS

More information

Basic Module Type PVBZ. PVP with Integrated HPCO. Tech Note

Basic Module Type PVBZ. PVP with Integrated HPCO. Tech Note Bsi Module Type PVBZ PVP with Integrted HPCO Teh Note Bsi Module Type PVBZ Teh Note Contents Revision History Tle of Revisions Dte Pge Chnged Rev Jn 2010 16 Jpn lotion hnged BC Jn 2010 4, 13 Drwings CA

More information

CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Electric"l Engineering

CATALYST GROUP) Bsic Electricl Engineering CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Electric"l Engineering 1. In " split ph"se motor, the running winding should h"ve (") high resist"nce "nd low induct"nce (b) low resist"nce "nd high induct"nce (c) high resist"nce

More information

UNITED KINGDOM AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR

UNITED KINGDOM AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR NATS Ltd UK Aeronutil Informtion Servie Hethrow House Bth Rod Hounslow, Middlesex TW5 9AT URL: Phone: Phone: Phone: UNITED KINGDOM AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULAR http://www.is.org.uk/ 020-8750 3778

More information

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 4 D INSTRUMENTATION

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 4 D INSTRUMENTATION ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 4 D 72747 INSTRUMENTATION Tle of Contents Pge Identifition............................. 4D-1 Speil Informtion....................... 4D-1 Lighting Options.................... 4D-1 Commodore

More information

Power supplies and transformers

Power supplies and transformers pges 14054/2 to 14054/5 pges 14058/2 nd 14058/3 Presenttion ABL-iR power supplies The ABL-iR rnge of power supplies is designed to provide the d.. voltge neessry for the ontrol iruits of most ontrol system

More information

POWER STEERING PUMP 10 A

POWER STEERING PUMP 10 A POWER STEERING 72951 PUMP 10 A Tle of Contents Pge Pump Speifitions.................... 10A- 1 Torque Speifitions................ 10A- 1 Tools/Selnts...................... 10A- 1 Power Steering Pump nd

More information

Preliminary Studies of Various Rotor Pole Number for Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines (PMFSM)

Preliminary Studies of Various Rotor Pole Number for Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines (PMFSM) Preliminry Studies of Vrious Rotor Pole Number for Permnent Mgnet Flux Switching Mchines (PMFSM) Lili Iwni Jusoh, Erwn Sulimn, Rjesh Kumr, Ftihh Shfiqh Bhrim & M. Firoz Omr Deprtment of Electricl Power

More information

ALUMINUM ENTRANCE DOORS

ALUMINUM ENTRANCE DOORS DOORS REVISION SHEET DESRIPTION 1 - GENERL NOTES & GLZING DETIL 2 - ELEVTIONS, NHOR LYOUT & ONFIGURTIONS 3 ELEVTIONS, NHOR LYOUT & ONFIGURTIONS - - VERTIL DETILS - HED & SILL OPTIONS 2. DEQUY OF THE EXISTING

More information

Evaluation of UPS for Intersection Traffic Signals with LEDs: Findings for Myers PB-1250PC UPS

Evaluation of UPS for Intersection Traffic Signals with LEDs: Findings for Myers PB-1250PC UPS Civil Engineering Studies Trnsporttion Engineering Series No. 127 Trffi Opertions Lb Series No. 7 UILU-ENG-2003-2007 ISSN-0917-9191 Evlution of UPS for Intersetion Trffi Signls with LEDs: Findings for

More information

Distribution & Power Transformers

Distribution & Power Transformers www.entrdo.o.id Distriution & Power Trnsformers Design Mnufturing Instlltion Servie www.entrdo.o.id Introdution ENTRDO is trnsformer mnufturer, whih estlished sine 1976. ENTRDO hs developed yer to yer

More information

ADVANCED ENGINE PERFORMANCE SPECIALIST TEST (L1) COMPOSITE VEHICLE TYPE 3 REFERENCE BOOKLET

ADVANCED ENGINE PERFORMANCE SPECIALIST TEST (L1) COMPOSITE VEHICLE TYPE 3 REFERENCE BOOKLET ADVANCED ENGINE PERFORMANCE SPECIALIST TEST (L1) COMPOSITE VEHICLE TYPE 3 REFERENCE BOOKLET This ooklet is intended only for referene when prepring for nd tking the ASE Advned Engine Performne Speilist

More information

Security Evaluation of DPA Countermeasures Using Dual-Rail Pre-charge Logic Style

Security Evaluation of DPA Countermeasures Using Dual-Rail Pre-charge Logic Style Security Evlution of DPA Countermesures Using Dul-Ril Pre-chrge Logic Style Disuke Suzuki Minoru Seki Mitsuishi Electric Corportion, Informtion Technology R&D Center 1 Summry - Motivtion nd results Outline

More information

DC CONTACTOR. hubbell industrial controls, inc. Hubbell Industrial Controls, Inc. Type Ampere 1500 Volt DC Contactor

DC CONTACTOR. hubbell industrial controls, inc. Hubbell Industrial Controls, Inc. Type Ampere 1500 Volt DC Contactor Huell Industril Controls, Inc. 716 1600 Ampere 1500 Volt DC Contctor Ctlog 42716 Mrch 2013, Replces Septemer 2005 42716 Highlights Non-polrized rc chute (series lowout coil) design s stndrd Optionl polrized

More information

Unit 2. DC Motors and Generators UNIT OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OF FUNDAMENTALS. Operating principle of dc motors

Unit 2. DC Motors and Generators UNIT OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OF FUNDAMENTALS. Operating principle of dc motors Unit 2 DC Motors nd Genertors UNIT OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OF FUNDAMENTALS When you hve completed this unit, you will be ble to use the DC Motor/Genertor module to demonstrte nd explin the opertion of dc

More information

Making use of example sentences

Making use of example sentences Oxford Lerner s Ditionry of Ademi English Mking use of exmple sentenes Ask students if they use the exmple sentenes in their ditionry. Wht do they use them for? Wht else ould they use them for? Hopefully,

More information

DAMPING OF OSCILLATIONS IN MULTI-MACHINE INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEMS USING HYBRID FUZZY STRATEGIES

DAMPING OF OSCILLATIONS IN MULTI-MACHINE INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEMS USING HYBRID FUZZY STRATEGIES Interntionl Journl of Reserh nd Reviews in pplied Sienes Volue, Issue (Noveer 009) DMPING OF OSILLTIONS IN MULTI-MHINE INTEGRTED POWER SYSTEMS USING HYRID FUZZY STRTEGIES DKK OULESU, DR. S. F. KODD, DR.

More information

Safety Relay Unit. Ordering Information. Ultra Slim Safety Relay

Safety Relay Unit. Ordering Information. Ultra Slim Safety Relay Sfety Rely Unit Ultr Slim Sfety Rely Unit Models of width 17.5 mm (smllest Unit in the world s of Jnury 2001) vilble with 2 or 3 poles. Models of width 22.5 mm with 3 poles lso vilble. EN stndrds (TÜV

More information

COMMANDER 3000 CLASSIC PANEL MOUNT REMOTE CONTROL

COMMANDER 3000 CLASSIC PANEL MOUNT REMOTE CONTROL COMMANDER 3000 CLASSIC PANEL MOUNT REMOTE CONTROL 74428 11 Tle of Contents Pge Commner 3000 Clssi Remote Control Mintenne n Replement Prts.... 11-1 Disssemly............................. 11-2 Clening n

More information

ELECTRICAL 2 B BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM AND STARTING SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL 2 B BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM AND STARTING SYSTEM ELECTRICAL 2 B BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM AND STARTING SYSTEM 51797 Tle of Contents Pge Speifitions................................ 2B-1 Speil Tools................................ 2B-1 Bttery......................................

More information

TORQUE HYSTERESIS CONTROLLER FOR BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR DRIVES

TORQUE HYSTERESIS CONTROLLER FOR BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR DRIVES TORQUE HYSTERESIS CONTROLLER FOR BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR DRIVES Ahmad Faiz Noor Azam, Mustafa Manap, Auzani Jidin, Norhazilina Bahari, Hatta Jopri, Abdul Rahim bin Abdullah Department Of Power Electronics Drives,

More information

Electrically operated directional spool valve with a soft-shift function type WE10P NS 10. up to 35 MPa up to 120 DATA SHEET - OPERATION MANUAL

Electrically operated directional spool valve with a soft-shift function type WE10P NS 10. up to 35 MPa up to 120 DATA SHEET - OPERATION MANUAL LICTION Electriclly operted directionl spool vlve with soft-shift function type WE10 NS 10 Electriclly operted directionl spool vlve type WE10 is intended for chnging the direction of fluid flow in hydrulic

More information

tel. +44 (0) 28 37 518111 fx +44 (0) 28 37 528181 e.mil sles@technidrive.co.uk points for considertion when shft mounting direct drive ger units. modern hollow bore output hub ger units lend themselves

More information

If you don t see it here, try a. Sauce Pans. Mauviel pots have cast iron, riveted handles for maximum strength and good grip.

If you don t see it here, try  a. Sauce Pans. Mauviel pots have cast iron, riveted handles for maximum strength and good grip. L: length W: width (T: top, B: ottom) D: depth H: height C: pity : dimeter ookwre MAUVIEL Extr Hevy Professionl M Cookwre Mde y Muviel Compny, Frne s highest qulity ookwre mnufturer, these pns hve multi-lyered

More information

What else can you do?

What else can you do? LOSS, LOSS,LOSS, LOSS, LOSS, LOSS, Wht else n you do? Perentge Clultions nd loss s nd losses re usully money vlues relting to the sle or trde of items y retilers. Some importnt terms first: ost prie: The

More information

MANN+HUMMEL Oil-bath air cleaner Single-stage air cleaner without spare parts

MANN+HUMMEL Oil-bath air cleaner Single-stage air cleaner without spare parts MANN+HUMMEL Oil-th ir clener Single-stge ir clener without spre prts 57 Oil-th ir clener: Servicing without spre prts The proven oil-th ir cleners from MANN+HUMMEL re suitle for light to medium dust conditions

More information

Solenoid Operated Proportional Directional Control Valve (with Pressure Compensation, Multiple Valve Series)

Solenoid Operated Proportional Directional Control Valve (with Pressure Compensation, Multiple Valve Series) Solenoid Operted Proportionl Directionl Control Vlve (with Pressure Compenstion, Multiple Vlve Series) Hydrulic circuit (Exmple) v Fetures hese stcking type control vlves show pressure compensted type

More information

Design and Implementation of the Performance Test System for Battery-Powered Motorcycles

Design and Implementation of the Performance Test System for Battery-Powered Motorcycles Rhodes, Greece, August 0-, 008 Design nd Implementtion of the Performnce Test System for Bttery-Powered Motorcycles DING-TSAIR SU, YING-SHING SHIAO, JUI-LIANG YANG Deprtment of Electricl Engineering Ntionl

More information

JS Series Sub-Miniature Slide Switches

JS Series Sub-Miniature Slide Switches Su-Miniture Switches Fetures/enefits Positive detent Low profile IR reflow to 60º solder profile Surfce nd thru hole mounting, DPDT, DPT models RoHS complint Typicl pplictions Telecommuniction products

More information

9400/F9400 SERIES SURFACE VERTICAL ROD EXIT DEVICE

9400/F9400 SERIES SURFACE VERTICAL ROD EXIT DEVICE INSTLLTION INSTRUTIONS 9400/F9400 SERIES SURFE VERTIL ROD EXIT DEVIE 1135-28 www.dorm-us.om 1-800-523-8483 I9400-8 9/07 HNDING RHR LHR RHR LHR RHR LHR RHR LHR TYPIL INSTLLTIONS 9400 Series Devie 9400 Series

More information

RESEARCHES ON THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE WAVE COMPRESSOR ON THE INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE SUPERCHARGED ENGINES

RESEARCHES ON THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE WAVE COMPRESSOR ON THE INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE SUPERCHARGED ENGINES Bulletin of the Trnsilvni University of Brşov Vol. 8 (57) No. 1-2015 Series I: Engineering Sciences RESEARCHES ON THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE WAVE COMPRESSOR ON THE INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE SUPERCHARGED

More information

Schematic diagram for the 8200 vector, 230 V Schematic diagram for the 8200 vector, 400/500V 1)

Schematic diagram for the 8200 vector, 230 V Schematic diagram for the 8200 vector, 400/500V 1) Generl informtion should e used to reduce the lod on the motor windings, s well s to reduce the cpcitive lekge currents to PE tht my e cused y the use of long motor cles. A motor filter is required: if

More information

Hardware. Contents. Hardware. Gates. p3-6 p7-16

Hardware. Contents. Hardware. Gates. p3-6 p7-16 Hrdwre Greyson Gtes hs een produing gtes nd gte hrdwre for over 50 yers. We strive to deliver the highest qulity - from the purhse of rw mterils to the finished produt. Greyson s qulity gte hrdwre is uilt

More information

Application Examples of Air-piloted Valves

Application Examples of Air-piloted Valves ir-piloted Vlves Fetures Since the unit requires ir piping only, with no need for electricl wiring, it cn e hndled y person without fer of electricl shocks or current lekge. Using no electricity mens tht

More information

POWER TRIM. Table of Contents. Section 5B - Trim Cylinders

POWER TRIM. Table of Contents. Section 5B - Trim Cylinders Tle of Contents POWER TRIM Setion 5B - Trim Cylinders Speifitions......................... 5B-2 Torque Speifitions............... 5B-2 Lurints/Selers/Adhesives........ 5B-2 Speil Tools.........................

More information

Revisiting Nested Stratification of Primary Sampling Units

Revisiting Nested Stratification of Primary Sampling Units Revisiting Nested Strtifition of Primry Smpling Units Tom Krenzke nd Wen-Chu Hung Westt, 16 Reserh Boulevrd, Rokville, MD, 285 Strtified multi-stge luster re smple designs re used widely when onduting

More information

ELECTRICAL. Section 2C - Timing, Synchronizing & Adjusting

ELECTRICAL. Section 2C - Timing, Synchronizing & Adjusting Tle of Contents TIMING, SYNCHRONIZING & ADJUSTING ELECTRICAL Setion 2C - Timing, Synhronizing & Adjusting Speifitions.......................... 2C-1 210 HP Timing/Synhronizing/Adjusting... 2C-1 Speil Tools...........................

More information

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 4 C CHARGING SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 4 C CHARGING SYSTEM ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 4 C 72078 CHARGING SYSTEM Tle of Contents Pge Ientifition............................. 4C-1 Replement Prts Wrning............... 4C-1 Mno 55 n 65 Amp Alterntor.......... 4C-1 Speifitions............................

More information

A Low-Cost Efficient Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Distributed Generation Penetration Analysis

A Low-Cost Efficient Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Distributed Generation Penetration Analysis Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 11 (017) 69-78 doi: 10.1765/194-8975/017.04.007 D DVID PUBLISHING Low-Cost Effiient Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Distributed Generation Penetration nalysis Kourosh

More information

Platinum - Wave Design Team Elica LI2X9A Ed. 06/06

Platinum - Wave Design Team Elica LI2X9A Ed. 06/06 Pltinum - Wve Design Tem Eli I2X9A Ed. 06/06 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12- 13-14-15-23- 24-25 16-17-18-19- 20-21-22-23- 24-25 B D E S x 3 C T x 3 Z F G A U x 3 150 m I x 3 V x 3 3 x Ø 10 mm 3 x 6x70mm mx.40

More information

Special Valves. Connection size G1/8 to G2. Contents Version Actuation Port size Page Characteristics. Instructions Overview. Electrical G1/8 G1/4

Special Valves. Connection size G1/8 to G2. Contents Version Actuation Port size Page Characteristics. Instructions Overview. Electrical G1/8 G1/4 Contents Version Actution Port size Pge Chrcteristics Dimensions 3/2, 5/2 nd 5/3 Wy Vlves with NAMURconnections Series S9 5/2 Wy Vlves for Two Hnd Opertion Series S9 Time Dely Vlve for 2-Hnd Sfety Strt

More information

Chapter URL:

Chapter URL: This PDF is selection from n out-of-print volume from the Ntionl Bureu of Economic Reserch Volume Title: Price nd Quntity Trends in the Foreign Trde of the United Sttes Volume Author/Editor: Robert E.

More information

UPS Pure Sinewave UPS

UPS Pure Sinewave UPS UPS Pure Sinewve UPS USR S MANUAL 1.6K / 3.2K / 5KVA 6.4K / 8K/ 10KVA 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1.1 Generl Description This UPS, powerful ll-in-one solution, delivers unsurpssed clen true sine wve output power

More information

MPC COBRA SERIES. Manually Programmable Cylindrical Lock D

MPC COBRA SERIES. Manually Programmable Cylindrical Lock D 51120-D MPC COBRA SERIES Mnully Progrmmle Cylindricl Lock 575 Birch Street Forestville, CT 06010 technicl support: 866-322-1237 fx: 866-322-1233 http://www.irsupport.net 57010-H 12-19-2005 Introduction

More information

JUNE 2018 Level 2 Technical Certificate in Land-Based Engineering Level 2 Land-Based Engineering Theory Exam

JUNE 2018 Level 2 Technical Certificate in Land-Based Engineering Level 2 Land-Based Engineering Theory Exam *01715230618* 0171-523 JUNE 2018 Level 2 Tehnil Certifite in Ln-Bse Engineering Level 2 Ln-Bse Engineering Theory Exm Friy 22 June 2018 09:30 11:30 You shoul hve the following for this exmintion multiple-hoie

More information

Eastman CP chlorinated polyolefin adhesion promoter (20% solids in aromatic 100 or xylene)

Eastman CP chlorinated polyolefin adhesion promoter (20% solids in aromatic 100 or xylene) Estmn CP 730-1 hlorinted polyolefin dhesion promoter (20% solids in romti 100 or xylene) Estmn CP 730-1 is hlorinted polyolefin dhesion promoter supplied t 20% solids in either Aromti 100 or xylene. CP

More information

AWWA Grooved Fittings

AWWA Grooved Fittings WW Grooved Produts WW Grooved Fittings MTERI SPECIFICTIONS Mteril - Dutile Iron per STM 53 Grde 5-45-12. Interior lining - Cement lined per NSI/WW C104/21.4 sizes 3 single thikness nd sizes 4-3 doule thikness

More information

Annual Legumes to Complement Warm-Season Perennial Grass Forage Systems in North Florida

Annual Legumes to Complement Warm-Season Perennial Grass Forage Systems in North Florida Annul Legumes to Complement Wrm-Seson Perennil Grss Forge Systems in North Florid Jmie Foster 1 Adegol Adesogn Jeffrey Crter Lynn Sollenerger Roert Myer Ann Blount This study indited tht owpe nd soyen

More information

ELECTRICAL AND IGNITION 2 A IGNITION SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL AND IGNITION 2 A IGNITION SYSTEM ELECTRICAL AND IGNITION 2 A IGNITION SYSTEM 54637 Tle of Contents Pge Ignition System.......................... 2A-1 Description........................... 2A-1 Ignition Trouleshooting...................

More information

2/2 4/4 Solenoid Directional Seat Valve, ISO Size 03

2/2 4/4 Solenoid Directional Seat Valve, ISO Size 03 2/2 4/4 Solenoid Directionl Set Vlve, ISO Size 03 Q mx = 20 l/min, p mx = 315 r idirectionl set-vlve shut-off, direct cting, electriclly operted 1 Description he W2N / W2 series of 2/2 4/4 solenoid operted

More information

Low-watt Type Solenoid Valve

Low-watt Type Solenoid Valve Low-watt ype Solenoid Valve Features hese solenoid valves use low-wattage type oils (: 5 W, C: 12 W). his valve an e driven diretly from a programmale sequene ontroller sine it has a low urrent requirement.

More information

Nebraska Feedyard Labor Cost Benchmarks and Historical Trends

Nebraska Feedyard Labor Cost Benchmarks and Historical Trends University of Nersk - Linoln DigitlCommons@University of Nersk - Linoln Fulty Pulitions: Agriulturl Eonomis Agriulturl Eonomis Deprtment June 2004 Nersk Feedyrd Lor Cost Benhmrks nd Historil Trends Rik

More information