For system diagrams and component identification

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1 Pneumatic Symbols For system diagrams and component identification

2 Contents Standards Actuators Basic symbols Valve symbol structure t Functional elements Flowlines Connections Conditioners and plant Pressure regulators Relief valves Valve functions Three position valves Operators Port marking Function components Symbol Library Click the section to advance directly to it

3 Graphic Symbols Standards Pneumatic symbols conform to and are devised from the International ti Standard d ISO This covers graphical symbols for Fluid Power Systems and Components Port markings for fluid power valves are not covered by the ISO standard. These are taken from the recommendations of CETOP RP 68 P

4 CETOP Who is CETOP? CETOP is the abbreviation of Comité Européen des Transmissions Oléohydrauliques et Pneumatiques. CETOP is the European Fluid Power Committee. Thus, it is: The communication platform for fluid power in Europe. The international umbrella organisation for national fluid power associations in Europe. Through the 18 national associations which are member of CETOP, all well known companies in Europe belong to the European Committee. Many of these companies are leading fluid power manufacturers and major players in the international markets. CETOP represents more than 1,000 companies - mainly manufacturers, but also some dealers - with almost 70,000 employees and a market value of about 13 billion EURO. These account for a very high proportion of companies active in these fields % in most countries.

5 Basic Symbols

6 Shapes These shapes and lines in the relative proportions shown, make up a set of basic symbols from which fluid power symbols and circuits are constructed

7 Basic Symbols (shapes) Symbol sets can be drawn to any size but their scale and relative proportions are determined d by a basic dimension of your choice l Circles l energy conversion units 3/4 l measuring instrument 1/3 l mechanical link l 1/3 roller

8 Basic Symbols (shapes) l Square Square at 45 o > l l control component connections perpendicular to sides conditioning apparatus connections to corners Rectangle l cylinders and valves

9 Basic Symbols (shapes) 1/4 l Rectangles continued 1/4 l l piston 1/ l cushion min 1 l 1/ l max l 1/ l certain control methods, length between limits to suit

10 Basic Symbols Semi-circle l rotary actuator, motor or pump with limited angle of rotation Capsule l l pressurised reservoir air receiver, auxiliary gas bottle Double line 1/5 l mechanical connection piston rod, lever, shaft

11 Basic Symbols Line Working line, pilot supply, return, electrical Dashed Pilot control, bleed, filter Chain Line Enclosure of two or more functions in one unit Electrical line

12 Functional Elements

13 Functional Elements Triangle 1/ l 1/4 l Direction and nature of fluid, open pneumatic or filled hydraulic Spring size to suit Arrow 1/3 l Long sloping indicates adjustability

14 Functional Elements Arrows Tee Straight or sloping path and flow direction, or motion Closed path or port Restriction Size to suit

15 Functional Elements Curved arrows rotary motion Shaft rotation Seating clockwise from right hand end anti-clockwise from right hand end both 90 o angle

16 Functional Elements Temperature Indication or control size to suit Operator Opposed solenoid windings Prime mover M Electric motor M

17 Flowlines and Connections

18 Flowlines Junction Single Junction Four way junction Crossing not connected Flexible Hose usually connecting line Hose usually connecting parts with relative movement

19 Connections Air bleed Continuous Temporary by probe Air exhaust No means of connection With means of connection

20 Connections Coupling quick release Both to exhaust Coupling quick release self sealing Source sealed Coupling quick release self sealing Both sealed

21 Connections Rotary connection one line Rotary connection two lines Rotary connection y three lines

22 Conditioners and Pressure Producing Plant

23 Conditioners Water separator with manual drain Water separator with automatic drain Filter with manual drain Filter with automatic drain Lubricator

24 Conditioners Dryer Cooler with and without coolant flow lines Heater Combined heater / cooler

25 Plant Compressor and electric motor M Air receiver Isolating valve Air inlet filter

26 Pressure Control

27 Pressure regulators A pressure regulator symbol represents a normal state with the spring holding the regulator valve open to connect the supply to the outlet. The dotted line represents the feedback, this opposes the spring and can vary the flow through the valve from full flow, through shut off, to exhaust. The symbol is usually drawn in only this one state. The flow path can be imagined to hinge at the right hand end to first shut off the supply then connect to the exhaust. Adjustable Regulator simplified Adjustable Regulator with pressure gauge g simplified

28 Filter Regulator Lubricator FRL Combined unit FRL Simplified symbol

29 Pressure relief valves A pressure relief valve symbol represents a normal state with the spring holding the valve closed. The dotted line represents feed-forward, this opposes the spring and can be imagined to lift the flow path. When the pressure reaches an excess value the flow path will line up with the ports and flow air to relief. Adjustable relief valve simplified Preset relief valve simplified

30 Actuators

31 Actuators Cylinders symbols can be any length over l The piston and rod can be shown in the retracted, extended or any intermediate position l

32 Single acting Single acting sprung instroked Single acting sprung outstroked Single acting sprung instroked magnetic * Single acting sprung outstroked magnetic * * ISO provides no example for magnetic cylinders

33 Single acting without spring Single acting normally instroked external force returns Single acting normally outstroked external force returns Single acting normally instroked magnetic external force returns Single acting normally outstroked magnetic external force returns Note: the hardware is usually double acting cylinders applied as single acting

34 Double acting Double acting adjustable cushions Double acting through rod Double acting magnetic * Double acting rodless * * ISO provides no example for magnetic or rodless cylinders

35 Rotary actuators Semi rotary double acting Rotary motor single direction of rotation Rotary motor bi- directional

36 Simplified cylinder symbols Single acting load returns Single acting spring returns Double acting non cushioned Double acting adjustable cushions Double acting through rod

37 Valve symbol structure

38 Valve symbol structure The function of a valve is given by a pair of numerals separated by a stroke, e.g. 3/.. The first numeral indicates the number of main ports. These are inlets, outlets and exhausts but excludes signal ports and external pilot feeds. The second numeral indicates the number of states t the valve can achieve.

39 Valve symbol structure A 3/ valve therefore has 3 ports (normally these are inlet, outlet t and exhaust) and states t (the normal state and the operated state) The boxes are two pictures of the same valve operated normal

40 Valve symbol structure A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of the valve states t joined end to end operated normal

41 Valve symbol structure A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of the valve states t joined end to end operated normal

42 Valve symbol structure The port connections are shown to only one of the diagrams to indicate the prevailing state t normal

43 Valve symbol structure The operator for a particular state is illustrated against that t state t Operated state p produced by pushing a button

44 Valve symbol structure The operator for a particular state is illustrated against that t state t Operated state produced by pushing a button Normal state produced by a spring

45 Valve symbol structure The operator for a particular state is illustrated against that t state t Operated state produced by pushing a button Normal state produced by a spring

46 Valve symbol structure The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to align one state t or another with the port connections

47 Valve symbol structure The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to align one state t or another with the port connections

48 Valve symbol structure The valve symbol can be visualised as moving to align one state t or another with the port connections

49 Valve symbol structure A 5/ valve symbol is constructed in a similar way. A picture of the valve flow paths for each of the two states is shown by the two boxes. The 5 ports are normally an inlet, outlets and exhausts

50 Valve symbol structure The full symbol is then made by joining the two boxes and adding operators. The connections are shown against only the prevailing state

51 Valve symbol structure The full symbol is then made by joining the two boxes and adding operators. The connections are shown against only the prevailing state

52 Valve symbol structure The full symbol is then made by joining the two boxes and adding operators. The connections are shown against only the prevailing state

53 Valve symbol structure The recommended spacing of the connections 1/4 l 1 /4 l 1/4 l 1 l 1/ l 1/4 l 1/4 l 1/ l 1/ l 1/ l 1/4 l

54 Valve symbol structure The boxes can be joined at either end but the operator must be drawn against the state t that t it produces. The boxes can also be flipped A variety of symbol patterns are possible normally closed normally open

55 Valve symbol structure The boxes can be joined at either end but the operator must be drawn against the state t that t it produces. The boxes can also be flipped A variety of symbol patterns can be produced Reverse connected

56 Valve functions

57 Valve functions Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return Normal position Function / Function 3/

58 Valve functions Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return Operated position Function / Function 3/

59 Valve functions Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return Normal position Function 4/ Function 5/

60 Valve functions Basic valves before operators are added Examples, push button operated with spring return Operated position Function 4/ Function 5/

61 Valve functions 5/3 Three position valves have a normal central position that t is set by springs or with a manual control such as a lever The flow pattern in the centre position varies with the type. Three types will be considered 1, All ports sealed, Outlets to exhaust, supply sealed 3, Supply to both outlets, exhausts sealed

62 Valves 5/3 All valves types shown in the normal position Type 1. All ports sealed Type. Outlets to exhaust Type 3. Supply to outlets t

63 Valves 5/3 All valves types shown in the first operated position Type 1. All ports sealed Type. Outlets to exhaust Type 3. Supply to outlets t

64 Valves 5/3 All valves types shown in the normal position Type 1. All ports sealed Type. Outlets to exhaust Type 3. Supply to outlets t

65 Valves 5/3 All valves types shown in the second operated position Type 1. All ports sealed Type. Outlets to exhaust Type 3. Supply to outlets t

66 Valves 5/3 All valves types shown in the normal position Type 1. All ports sealed Type. Outlets to exhaust Type 3. Supply to outlets t

67 Operators

68 Operators Manual General manual Lever Push button Pedal Pull button Treadle Push/pull button Rotary knob

69 Operators Mechanical Plunger Pressure Spring normally as a return Pilot pressure Roller Differential pressure Uni-direction or one way trip Detent in 3 positions

70 Operators Electrical Solenoid direct Solenoid pilot Solenoid pilot with manual override and external pilot supply Solenoid pilot with manual override and integral pilot supply When no integral or external pilot supply is shown it is assumed to be integral

71 Port markings

72 Port Markings To CETOP RP68P

73 Port Markings To CETOP RP68P

74 Port Markings To CETOP RP68P

75 Port Markings To CETOP RP68P

76 Port Markings To CETOP RP68P

77 Function components

78 Function components Non-return valve simplified Flow regulator uni- directional Flow regulator bi- directional simplified Two pressure AND simplified Note: The output can exhaust back and is not trapped Shuttle valve OR simplified

79 Function components Quick exhaust valve with silencer simplified Silencer Pressure to electric switch preset Pressure to electric switch adjustable

80 Symbol Library Actuators Function Components Solenoid Valves Valves Air Line Vacuum Electrical and electronic Click the section arrow to go to it

81 Symbol Library Actuators

82 Single acting cylinders Sprung in Magnetic sprung in non-rotating rod Sprung out Magnetic sprung in Magnetic sprung out non-rotating rod Magnetic sprung out

83 Single acting cylinders Sprung in adjustable cushion Sprung out adjustable cushion Magnetic sprung in adjustable cushion Magnetic sprung out adjustable cushion

84 Single acting cylinders Sprung in adjustable cushion non-rotating rod Sprung out adjustable cushion non-rotating rod Magnetic sprung in adjustable cushion non-rotating ti rod Magnetic sprung out adjustable cushion non-rotating rod

85 Single acting bellows Bellows single convolution Bellows double convolution Bellows triple convolution

86 Double acting cylinders Non-magnetic Magnetic hydraulic Non-magnetic adjustable cushioned Non-magnetic rod bellows Magnetic Magnetic adjustable cushioned Magnetic adjustable cushioned rod bellows

87 Double acting cylinders Nonrotating rod non- Magnetic rotating rod Active brake Magnetic active brake Passive brake Magnetic passive brake Guided rod magnetic

88 Double acting cylinders Non-magnetic through h rod Non-magnetic adjustable cushioned through rod Magnetic through rod Magnetic adjustable cushioned through rod

89 Double acting cylinders Three position adjustable cushions (equal strokes) Three position adjustable cushions magnetic (equal strokes) Four position adjustable cushions (unequal strokes) Four position adjustable cushions magnetic (unequal strokes)

90 Other actuators With electronic analogue output of piston position Slide unit Semi-rotary actuator Rotary motor bi-directional and non-reversible

91 Rodless cylinders Cushioned Cushioned magnetic Cushioned passive brake Cushioned magnetic passive brake Cushioned active brake Cushioned magnetic active brake

92 Rodless cylinders Twin stroke Twin stroke cushioned air through carriage Twin stroke cushioned magnetic Twin stroke air through carriage magnetic

93 Shock absorbers Self adjusting Adjustable

94 End

95 Symbol Library Air Line Equipment

96 Combination units FRL with shut off valve and pressure gauge Lubro-control unit Filter and lubricator

97 Combination units Breathing air set Filter regulator Filter regulator with gauge

98 Filters Filter with manual drain Filter with automatic drain Filter with automatic drain and pressure drop indicator

99 Pressure regulators Pre-set relieving Pre-set relieving with pressure gauge Adjustable relieving Adjustable relieving with pressure gauge

100 Pressure regulators Pilot operated Pilot regulator with independent feedback Pilot operated regulator controlled from pilot regulator

101 Pressure regulators Precision dual stage (11-818) Proportional pressure valve 3 1

102 Lubricator Lubricator

103 Pressure relief valves Preset, no means of connection to exhaust Preset, tapped exhaust port Adjustable, no means of connection to exhaust Adjustable, tapped exhaust port Pilot operated

104 Other components Silencer Filter silencer Water separator automatic drain

105 End

106 Symbol Library Electrical and Electronic

107 Sensors Loads must be additionally suppressed Reed switch wire blue brown +V Load 0V Reed switch changeover black blue Load Load 0V 0V brown +V Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator (emulating current sourcing pnp device) Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator (emulating current sinking npn device) black brown +V blue 0V Load 0V blue 0V brown +V Load black +V Reed switch wire with led indicator brown +V blue Load 0V

108 Sensors Loads must be additionally suppressed Solid state magnetic sensor pnp (current sourcing) Solid state magnetic sensor plug in cable pnp (current sourcing) Solid state magnetic sensor npn (current sinking) Solid state magnetic sensor plug in cable npn (current sinking) Solid state t magnetic sensor with pulse extension pnp pnp npn 1 npn 1 3 black brown +V blue 0V Load brown +V blue 0V 0V 4 black Load 0V 3 4 black blue 0V brown +V Load +V blue 0V brown +V black Load +V brown +V blue 0V black Load 0V

109 Sensors Loads must be additionally suppressed Reed switch wire with led indicator and plug in cable 1 brown +V 4 black Load 0V 1 Reed switch wire with led indicator and plug in cable +brown blue Load 0V

110 Electrical Symbols

111 Electrical symbols Direct current (DC) Alternating current ( AC ) Line to earth Line to chassis AC or DC Cell Positive and negative polarity or 1 V Battery

112 Electrical Components Normally Normally Normally Normally open closed open closed Relay contact General manual switch contact Push button contact Pull button contact Twist switch contact Roller switch contact Delay to operate Delay to reset

113 Electrical Components Relay coil Relay coil delay to operate contacts Relay coil delay to reset contacts Solenoid valve coil

114 Electrical Components Proximity switch Bell Touch sensitive switch Buzzer P Pressure switch Microphone Supply and return 4V 0V Loudspeaker

115 Electronic Component Symbols

116 Electronic Components Opto-isolator Resistors Windings inductor inductor with core variable inductor transformer or Capacitors capacitor polarised capacitor variable capacitor pre-set capacitor Resistor Variable Potentiometer Pre-set pot Voltage dependent Light dependent Diodes diode zener diode light emitting diode V

117 Electronic Components Thyristor Fuse Triac Wires connected or NPN Transistor Wires crossing PNP Transistor Double junction or Photo-transistor

118 Electronic Components Conductors in a cable Conductors twisted Motors dc & ac M M Generator G Plug and socket Lamp steady & flashing Coaxial plug and socket Operational amplifier Meters for amps, volts, ohms & watts A V W

119 End

120 Symbol Library Function Fittings and Components

121 Function fittings Blocking fitting 1 1 Pressure reducing fitting 1 Pneumatic sensor fitting 1

122 Function components Air fuse Non return valve Non return valve

123 Function components bi-directional flow regulator Exhaust flow regulator with and without silencer Silencers Shuttle valve OR Two pressure valve AND (will exhaust either signal back)

124 Function components Uni-directional flow regulator Quick exhaust valve with and without silencer Rotating joint Pressure indicator Pressure drop indicator

125 Quick release couplings made released Both to exhaust Source sealed Both sealed

126 End

127 Symbol Library Solenoid Valves

128 Solenoid valves with man override on the solenoid Direct solenoid actuated spring return / NC Direct solenoid actuated spring return 3/ NC Direct solenoid actuated t spring return 3/ NO

129 Solenoid valves Pilot solenoid actuated spring return 3/ NC with man override on the solenoid Pilot solenoid actuated spring return 3/ NO Pilot solenoid actuated t pilot solenoid return

130 Solenoid valves Pilot solenoid actuated t spring return, 5/ Pilot solenoid actuated spring return and manual override, 5/ Pilot solenoid actuated pilot solenoid return, 5/ Pilot solenoid actuated pilot solenoid return and manual override, 5/

131 Solenoid valves Reverse piped Pilot solenoid actuated t spring return, 5/ Pilot solenoid actuated spring return and manual override, 5/ Pilot solenoid actuated and returned, 5/ Pilot solenoid actuated and returned with manual overrides, 5/

132 Solenoid valves Double pilot solenoid actuated spring to centre all ports sealed reverse piped Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 3/ Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 5/

133 Solenoid valves Priority pilot solenoid actuated differential air return, 3/ Priority pilot solenoid actuated t differential air return, 5/ Priority ypilot solenoid actuated air spring return, 3/ Priority pilot solenoid actuated air spring return, 5/

134 Solenoid valves Pilot solenoid actuated t spring return, manual override, 5/ with integral flow regulators Double pilot solenoid actuated, manual override, 5/ with integral flow regulators

135 Solenoid valves Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre all ports sealed, 5/3 with integral flow regulators Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre supply port sealed, 5/3 with integral flow regulators Double pilot solenoid actuated, spring to centre supply to outlets, 5/3 with integral flow regulators

136 Proportional solenoid valves Proportional flow to electrical signal Proportional pressure to electrical signal 3 1

137 Safety related valves Monitored dump valve Soft start valve

138 End

139 Symbol Library Valves

140 Valves un-tapped exhaust Plunger actuated spring 1 10 return 3/ Roller actuated spring return 3/ Push button actuated spring return 3/ Toggle actuated detented 3/ Rotary knob actuated detented 3/ Key actuated detented 3/

141 Valves integral bleed supply Plunger / bleed actuated 1 10 air return 3/ Roller / bleed actuated air return 3/ One way trip / bleed actuated air return 3/ Low pressure / bleed actuated air return 3/ Antenna / bleed actuated air return 3/

142 Valves external bleed supply Plunger / bleed actuated 1 10 air return 3/ Roller / bleed actuated air return 3/ One way trip / bleed actuated air return 3/ Low pressure / bleed actuated air return 3/ Antenna / bleed actuated air return 3/

143 Pilot actuated valves NC NO Pilot actuated spring return / Pilot actuated spring return 3/ Double pilot actuated 3/ Differential pilot actuated 3/

144 Pilot actuated valves NC NO Pressure or vacuum actuated spring return / (diaphragm valve) Low pressure pilot actuated spring return 3/ Low pressure pilot actuated pilot return, 3/ Low pressure pilot actuated and returned, 3/

145 Pilot actuated valves Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, NC, 3/ Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, NO, 3/ Remote pressure bleed actuated spring return, 5/

146 Pilot actuated valves Pilot actuated ated spring return, 4/ Pilot actuated spring return, 5/ Double pilot actuated 5/ Differential pilot actuated / 5 1 3

147 Pilot actuated valves Pressure or vacuum actuated spring return, 5/ (diaphragm valve) Low pressure pilot actuated spring return, 5/ Low pressure pilot actuated pilot return, 5/ Low pressure pilot actuated and returned, 5/

148 Pilot actuated valves Double pilot actuated spring to centre all ports sealed Double pilot actuated spring to centre supply port sealed Double pilot actuated spring to centre supply to outlets

149 Mechanically actuated valves NC NO Plunger actuated spring return / Plunger actuated spring return 3/ Plunger actuated t air reset 3/

150 Mechanically actuated valves Plunger actuated t spring return, 4/ Plunger actuated spring return, 5/ Plunger actuated air reset / 5 1 3

151 Mechanically actuated valves NC NO Roller actuated spring return / Roller actuated spring return 3/ Roller actuated t air reset 3/

152 Mechanically actuated valves Roller actuated t spring return, 4/ Roller actuated spring return, 5/ Roller actuated air reset / 5 1 3

153 Mechanically actuated valves NC NO One way trip actuated spring return / One way trip actuated spring return 3/ One way trip actuated t air reset 3/

154 Mechanically actuated valves One way trip actuated t spring return, 4/ One way trip actuated spring return, 5/ One way trip actuated air reset 5/ 5 1 3

155 Manually actuated valves NC NO Push button actuated spring return / Push button actuated spring return 3/ Push button actuated t air reset 3/

156 Manually actuated valves Push button actuated t spring return, 4/ Push button actuated spring return, 5/ Push button actuated air reset 5/ 5 1 3

157 Manually actuated valves NC NO Lever actuated spring return / Lever actuated spring return 3/ Lever actuated t air reset 1 3/

158 Manually actuated valves 4 1 Lever actuated t spring return, 4/ Lever actuated spring 14 return, 5/ Lever actuated air reset 14 5/

159 Manually actuated valves Lever actuated t lever return, variable throttling, 4/ Lever actuated lever return, variable throttling, detented, d 4/ Rotary knob actuated and 14 returned, variable throttling, 4/

160 Manually actuated valves Lever actuated spring to centre all ports sealed Lever actuated spring to centre supply port sealed Lever actuated spring to centre supply to outlets 5 1 3

161 Manually actuated valves Lever actuated, detented, all ports sealed centre Lever actuated, detented, supply port sealed centre Lever actuated, detented, supply to outlets centre

162 Manually actuated valves NC NO Pedal actuated spring return 3/ Treadle actuated detented 3/

163 Manually actuated valves Pedal actuated t spring return, 4/ Pedal actuated spring return, 5/ Treadle actuated detented 5/

164 Manually actuated valves Treadle actuated spring to centre all ports sealed Treadle actuated spring to centre supply port sealed 1 5 3

165 Manually actuated valves Treadle actuated, detented, all ports sealed centre Treadle actuated, detented, supply port sealed centre

166 Manually actuated valves Push button actuated t rotary manual return 3/ Push button actuated t key return 3/ Push actuated t pull returned 3/ Push actuated pull or air returned 3/

167 Safety related valves 1 10 Monitored dump valve 3 1 Emergency stop valve Soft start valve

168 Special purpose valves Impulse generator 3 1

169 End

170 Symbol Library Vacuum Equipment

171 Vacuum equipment Vacuum generator Vacuum cups Vacuum switch NC NO pneumatic

172 Vacuum equipment Vacuum switch electric, normally open and normally closed Vacuum transducer with analog and switched outputs npn Vacuum transducer with analog and switched outputs pnp V dc Analog out Switch out 0 V V dc Analog out Switch out 0V +V dc supply (brown) Analog out (white) Switch out (black) Load 0 V (blue) +V dc supply (brown) Analog out (white) Switch out (black) Load 0V(blue)

173 Vacuum equipment Vacuum filter Vacuum silencer Vacuum gauge

174 End

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