Experiment (4): Flow measurement

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Experiment (4): Flow measurement"

Transcription

1 Introduction: The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time demonstrate applications of the Bernoulli's equation. The flow is determined using a sudden enlargement, venturi meter, orifice plate, elbow and a rotameter. The pressure drop associated with each meter is measured directly from the manometers. Purpose: To investigate the flow rate using particular flow measuring apparatus. Apparatus: Water flow measuring apparatus (Figure 1). Figure 1: Water flow measuring apparatus 1

2 Water flow measuring apparatus is designed as a free-standing apparatus for use on the hydraulics bench, although it could be used in conjunction with a low pressure water supply controlled by a valve and a discharge to drain. Water enters the apparatus through the lower left-hand end and flows horizontally through a sudden enlargement into a transparent venturi meter, and into an orifice plate, a 90 elbow changes the flow direction to vertical and connects to a variable area flow meter, a second bend passes the flow into a discharge pipe which incorporates an atmospheric break. The static head at various points in the flow path may be measured on a manometer panel. The water flow through the apparatus is controlled by the delivery valve of the hydraulics bench and the flow rate may be confirmed by using the volumetric measuring tank of the hydraulics bench. Theory: (1) Pressure drop at sudden enlargement The test section consists of a 10mm diameter bore with a sudden enlargement to 20mm diameter. Two manometer are provided. Consider a sudden enlargement in pipe flow area from area A1 to area A2. Applying Newton s second law, the net force acting on the fluid equals the rate of increase of momentum Where P' is the mean pressure of the eddying fluid over the annular area of the expansion. It is known from experimental evidence that P = P1, since the jet issuing from the smaller pipe is essentially parallel From Bernoulli equation: Since the flow direction is horizontal 2

3 and substituting from Newton s second law: Using Bernoulli equation: but by continuity equation then: 3

4 Where is the coefficient of discharge. (2) The venturi meter The venturi is manufactured from transparent acrylic materials and follows the classic convergent-divergent design which forms the basis of most engineering standards for venturi flow meters. From consideration of continuity between the mouth of the venturi of area A1 and the throat of area A2: and on introducing the diameter ratio then: Applying Bernoulli s theorem to the venturi meter between section 1 and section 2, neglecting losses and assuming the venturi is installed horizontally: 4

5 Rearranging: and solving for : The volumetric flow rate is then given by: The actual discharge will be less than this due to losses causing the velocity through the throat to be less than that predicted by Bernoulli s theorem, therefore it is necessary to introduce an experimentally determined coefficient of discharge. The actual discharge will then be given by: The coefficient of discharge varies with both the Reynolds number and area ratio. Typical values for a machined venturi meter are between and (3) Orifice plate The orifice flow meter consists of a 20mm bore tube with an orifice of 12mm. The downstream bore of the orifice is chamfered at 40 to provide an effective orifice plate thickness of 0.35mm. Manometer tappings are positioned 20mm before the orifice and 10mm after the orifice plate. Due to the sharpness of the contraction in flow area at the orifice plate a vena contracta is formed downstream of the throat in which the area of the vena contracta is less than that of the orifice. 5

6 Applying the continuity equation between the upstream conditions of area A1 and the vena contracta of area Ac: Where suffix c denotes the vena contracta. Applying Bernoulli s equation, neglecting losses and assuming a horizontal installation: Rearranging: and solving for : The volumetric flow rate is then given by: The flow area at the vena contracta is not known and therefore a coefficient of contraction may be introduced so that The coefficient of contraction will be included in the coefficient of discharge and the equations rewritten in terms of the orifice area A2 with any uncertainties and errors eliminated by the experimental determination of the coefficient of discharge. The volumetric flow rate is then given by: 6

7 The position of the manometer tappings has a small effect on the values of the discharge coefficients which also vary with area ratio, with pipe size and with Reynolds number. The variations of with Reynolds number is tabulated below for orifice plates with. Reynolds Number D & D/2 taps 1 x x x x x x x x x (4) Flow Round Bends and Elbows A 90º elbow is placed immediately after the orifice plate and before the rotameter. There is a constant bore diameter throughout the bend with manometer tappings positioned normal to the plane of the bend before and after the elbow. Whenever the direction of the flow is changed at a bend or elbow, the velocity distribution across the pipe is disturbed. A centrifugal effect causes the maximum velocity to occur towards the outside of the bend or elbow whilst at the inside of the bend or elbow, the flow is slowed or even reversed in direction if the flow separates from the wall and a vena-contracta formed. A secondary flow is set up at right angles to the pipe cross section which increases the velocity gradient and hence the shear stress of the wall. The loss of head is related to the velocity head by defining a bend loss coefficient so that Values of are related to the pipe friction factors or by a constant which is dependent on the ratio of the bend radius to the pipe diameter R/D. This constant may also be treated as an equivalent length of straight pipe expressed as diameters by using the Darcy Weisbach equation : hence 7

8 For single 90º bends and elbows the bend resistance coefficient and the equivalent length are typically: R/D Elbows D 20D 14D 12D 14D 17D 24D 30D 34D 38D Note that Which suggests a significant advantage in the use of in comparison with using for pipe work design. Figure 2: Character of flow in a 90 bend and the associated loss coefficient (5) Rotameter The rotameter utilises a transparent tube and a stainless steel float providing a visual indication of the flow rate by measuring the position of the float relative to the position of the tube by using the integral scale, which is calibrated from 1.5 to 10 litres/minute. 8

9 Procedures: 1. Position the water flow measuring apparatus on the horizontal operating surface of the hydraulics bench using the locating pegs on the top surface of the bench. Connect the delivery hose from the bench to the inlet connection of the water flow measuring apparatus. Insert the overflow hose from the inlet tank into the overflow pipe of the volumetric measuring tank. 2. Prepare the instruments such that the water passes sudden enlargement, then venturi meter, orifice plate, elbow, and finally rotameter. 3. With the flow regulating valve of the bench closed, switch on the bench pump and allow water to be pumped into the apparatus by controlling the opening of the flow regulating valve until water just begins to flow into the equipment and just overflows through the air vent above the rotameter. Ensure that there are no air bubbles trapped in the manometer tubes, if necessary open the supply valve until water spills out of the top of the manometer tubes so that the water flushes out all air bubbles. 4. Adjust the supply valve to obtain 6 or 7 readings with the height of water in the left hand manometer tube increasing in increments of approximately 50mm. The maximum flow which can be achieved for the experiment is when the height of water in the left hand manometer tube reaches the top of the manometer scale. At each steady state condition record the heights on each manometer tube and the flow shown on the rotameter. Also measure the flow using the volumetric flow tank of the hydraulics bench with a stop watch. Data & Results: Volume flow (Liters) Time (min) Head at tapping 1 (cm) Head at tapping 2 (cm) Head at tapping 3 (cm) Head at tapping 4 (cm) Head at tapping 5 (cm) Head at tapping 6 (cm) Head at tapping 7 (cm) Head at tapping 8 (cm) Head at tapping 9 (cm) Rotameter flow rate 9

Experiment No.3: Flow through orifice meter. Background and Theory

Experiment No.3: Flow through orifice meter. Background and Theory Experiment No.3: Flow through orifice meter Background and Theory Flow meters are used in the industry to measure the volumetric flow rate of fluids. Differential pressure type flow meters (Head flow meters)

More information

FLUID FLOW. Introduction

FLUID FLOW. Introduction FLUID FLOW Introduction Fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. In this experiment, you

More information

H16. Losses in Piping Systems FLUID MECHANICS

H16. Losses in Piping Systems FLUID MECHANICS Page 1 of 3 Shows pressure losses in several small-bore pipe circuit components, typical of those found in central heating installations Mobile, space-saving panel that includes the common pipework parts

More information

ECH 4224L Unit Operations Lab I Fluid Flow FLUID FLOW. Introduction. General Description

ECH 4224L Unit Operations Lab I Fluid Flow FLUID FLOW. Introduction. General Description FLUID FLOW Introduction Fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. In this experiment, you

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

Exercise 4-1. Flowmeters EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Rotameters. How do rotameter tubes work?

Exercise 4-1. Flowmeters EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Rotameters. How do rotameter tubes work? Exercise 4-1 Flowmeters EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Learn the basics of differential pressure flowmeters via the use of a Venturi tube and learn how to safely connect (and disconnect) a differential pressure flowmeter

More information

Hydraulics Bench HB100

Hydraulics Bench HB100 Hydraulics Bench HB100 P.A.Hilton Ltd HB100 Hydraulics Bench shown with HB100G and HB100K fitted Hydraulics Bench for supply of water to a wide and expanding series of HB Modules from P.A.Hilton Self-contained

More information

HYDRAULICS. H89.8D - Hydraulic Bench

HYDRAULICS. H89.8D - Hydraulic Bench HYDRAULICS H89.8D - Hydraulic Bench 1. General The H89.8D and ancillary equipment have been developed to provide a comprehensive range of experiments in fluid mechanics. The bench is of robust construction

More information

Measurement of thermocouple emf using potentiometer & milivoltmeter. Milivoltmeter consists of a PMMC type meter. The coil gets magnetised when the

Measurement of thermocouple emf using potentiometer & milivoltmeter. Milivoltmeter consists of a PMMC type meter. The coil gets magnetised when the Measurement of thermocouple emf using potentiometer & milivoltmeter. Milivoltmeter consists of a PMMC type meter. The coil gets magnetised when the voltage is applied across the coil. The coil rotates

More information

FLUID FLOW Introduction General Description

FLUID FLOW Introduction General Description FLUID FLOW Introduction Fluid flow is an important part of many processes, including transporting materials from one point to another, mixing of materials, and chemical reactions. In this experiment, you

More information

Laboratory structure 1 Base Service Units. CAI. Computer Aided Instruction Software System. INS/SOF. Instructor Software +

Laboratory structure 1 Base Service Units. CAI. Computer Aided Instruction Software System. INS/SOF. Instructor Software + Technical Teaching Equipment 2 Modules (FME01) (FME03) (FME07) FME00 Basic Fluid Mechanics Integrated Laboratory LIFLUBA Laboratory structure 1 Base Service Units 2 (FME17) Modules (FME08) (FME09) FME00/B

More information

Laboratory structure FME00 FME00/B. 3 ICAI. Interactive Computer Aided Instruction Software System. Instructor Software + Student Software

Laboratory structure FME00 FME00/B. 3 ICAI. Interactive Computer Aided Instruction Software System. Instructor Software + Student Software Basic Fluid Mechanics Integrated Laboratory LIFLUBA Laboratory structure Engineering and Technical Teaching Equipment 1 Base Service Units FME00 FME00/B or Teaching Technique used 3 ICAI. Interactive Computer

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING Ken Embry FMC Measurement Solutions

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING Ken Embry FMC Measurement Solutions FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING Ken Embry FMC Measurement Solutions 6677 N. Gessner, Houston, Texas 77040 Throughout the oil and gas industry, there stems the need for accurate, economical measurement

More information

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Exercise 3-3 Venturi Tubes EXERCISE OBJECTIVE In this exercise, you will study the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure drop produced by a venturi tube. You will describe the behavior of

More information

Familiarize yourself with the pressure loss phenomenon. The Discussion of this exercise covers the following point:

Familiarize yourself with the pressure loss phenomenon. The Discussion of this exercise covers the following point: Exercise 3-2 Pressure Loss EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Familiarize yourself with the pressure loss phenomenon. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise covers the following point: Pressure loss Major

More information

Impacts of Short Tube Orifice Flow and Geometrical Parameters on Flow Discharge Coefficient Characteristics

Impacts of Short Tube Orifice Flow and Geometrical Parameters on Flow Discharge Coefficient Characteristics Impacts of Short Tube Orifice Flow and Geometrical Parameters on Flow Discharge Coefficient Characteristics M. Metwally Lecturer, Ph.D., MTC, Cairo, Egypt Abstract Modern offset printing machine, paper

More information

Standards and wall thickness

Standards and wall thickness Standards and wall thickness There are a number of piping standards in existence around the world, but arguably the most global are those derived by the American Petroleum Institute (API), where pipes

More information

F SERIES: BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Complete Fluid Mechanics Laboratory F1

F SERIES: BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Complete Fluid Mechanics Laboratory F1 F SERIES: BASIC FLUID MECHANICS Complete Fluid Mechanics Laboratory F1 STATICS DYNAMICS PEN/CLSED CHANNEL FLW RTDYNAMICS HYDRAULICS F STATICS DYNAMICS SERIES HYDRAULICS RTDYNAMICS PEN/CLSED CHANNEL FLW

More information

Civil Engineering Hydraulics. Radial Flow Devices

Civil Engineering Hydraulics. Radial Flow Devices Civil Engineering Hydraulics 2 3 Many rotary-flow devices such as centrifugal pumps and fans involve flow in the radial direction normal to the axis of rotation and are called radial- flow devices. 4 In

More information

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Measurement

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Measurement Fundamentals of Natural Gas Measurement Why Measure Natural Gas? Production Gathering Processing Purchase Sales Transportation Exchange Distribution Check Measurement System Physical Balance System Control

More information

STEALTH INTERNATIONAL INC. DESIGN REPORT #1001 IBC ENERGY DISSIPATING VALVE FLOW TESTING OF 12 VALVE

STEALTH INTERNATIONAL INC. DESIGN REPORT #1001 IBC ENERGY DISSIPATING VALVE FLOW TESTING OF 12 VALVE STEALTH INTERNATIONAL INC. DESIGN REPORT #1001 IBC ENERGY DISSIPATING VALVE FLOW TESTING OF 12 VALVE 2 This report will discuss the results obtained from flow testing of a 12 IBC valve at Alden Research

More information

ORIFICE PLATE flow meters

ORIFICE PLATE flow meters ORIFICE PLATE flow meters 1 Differential pressure and pressure loss When a throttle element is interposed in a closed passage of fluid in piping, a difference is produced between the pressure upstream

More information

CHAPTER 1: INSTRUMENTATION EQUIPMENT MODULE 5: Flow Instrumentation

CHAPTER 1: INSTRUMENTATION EQUIPMENT MODULE 5: Flow Instrumentation Chulalongkorn University Chapter 1: INSTRUMENTATION Ec..,PMENT CHAPTER 1: INSTRUMENTATION EQUIPMENT MODULE 5: Flow Instrumentation MODULE OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, you will be able to: 1.

More information

The calculation of fluid flow

The calculation of fluid flow 2 FLOW & LEVEL MEASUREMENT Differential Pressure meters Primary Element Options Pitot Tubes Variable Area meters Differential Pressure meters T The calculation of fluid flow rate by reading the pressure

More information

Engineering & Design Data

Engineering & Design Data PVC & CPVC Corrosion Resistant Industrial Pressure Pipe Engineering & Design Data Engineering & Design Data Hydraulic Shock Hydraulic shock is the term used to describe the momentary pressure rise in a

More information

Flow Behavior and Friction Factor. in Internally Grooved Pipe Wall

Flow Behavior and Friction Factor. in Internally Grooved Pipe Wall Adv. Studies Theor. Phys., Vol. 8, 2014, no. 14, 643-647 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/astp.2014.4573 Flow Behavior and Friction Factor in Internally Grooved Pipe Wall Putu Wijaya

More information

The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat INTRODUCTION One of the most famous experiments of the 19 th century was Joule s experiment showing that mechanical energy can be converted to heat. This showed that heat

More information

Effect of Nanofluid on Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings: Part I - Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanofluid

Effect of Nanofluid on Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings: Part I - Effect of Aluminum Oxide Nanofluid Research Article International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347-5161 2014 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Effect

More information

Flow Visualization Tunnel. Owner s Manual. May 2009

Flow Visualization Tunnel. Owner s Manual. May 2009 Flow Visualization Tunnel May 2009 AEROLAB LLC 2009 Contents Introduction... 3 Description... 3 Warnings / Precautions... 4 Tunnel Overview... 5 Main Control Panel... 6 Basic Operation... 8 Auxiliary Blower

More information

Effect of Stator Shape on the Performance of Torque Converter

Effect of Stator Shape on the Performance of Torque Converter 16 th International Conference on AEROSPACE SCIENCES & AVIATION TECHNOLOGY, ASAT - 16 May 26-28, 2015, E-Mail: asat@mtc.edu.eg Military Technical College, Kobry Elkobbah, Cairo, Egypt Tel : +(202) 24025292

More information

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ChE Centrifugal Pump(Armfield)

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ChE Centrifugal Pump(Armfield) UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ChE 3211-4211 Centrifugal Pump(Armfield) OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to investigate the operating characteristics of

More information

MONOVAR is the energy dissipating valve.

MONOVAR is the energy dissipating valve. MONOVAR is the energy dissipating valve. Features Extremely simple design (patented) Excellent cavitation characteristics Very accurate flow or pressure control Manual or automatic control Suitable for

More information

Fluid Flow Conditioning

Fluid Flow Conditioning Fluid Flow Conditioning March 2014 Flow Conditioning There is no flow meter on the market that needs flow conditioning. All flow meters are effective without any type of flow conditioning. 1 Flow Conditioning

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE METERS Paul Honchar Sr. Product Manager Sensus 805 Liberty Boulevard DuBois, PA, USA 15801

FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE METERS Paul Honchar Sr. Product Manager Sensus 805 Liberty Boulevard DuBois, PA, USA 15801 FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE METERS Paul Honchar Sr. Product Manager Sensus 805 Liberty Boulevard DuBois, PA, USA 15801 Introduction The majority of all gas measurement used in the world today is performed

More information

UNIVERSITY POLYTECHNIC B.I.T., MESRA, RANCHI COURSE STRUCTURE. (W.E.F Batch Students) (Total Unit 7.5) Sessional Unit Code

UNIVERSITY POLYTECHNIC B.I.T., MESRA, RANCHI COURSE STRUCTURE. (W.E.F Batch Students) (Total Unit 7.5) Sessional Unit Code COURSE STRUCTURE (W.E.F. 2011 Batch Students) (Total Unit 7.5) Course Theory Unit Course Sessional Unit Code Code DAE 4001 Thermal Engineering 1.0 DAE 4002 Thermal Engineering Lab. 0.5 DAE 4003 Fluid Mechanics

More information

PFS-FN FEATURES: * ASME & ISO RECOGNIZED * * WIDELY ACCEPTED TEST STANDARD * * RELIABLE PERFORMANCE HISTORY * * ACCURATE METERING SOLUTION *

PFS-FN FEATURES: * ASME & ISO RECOGNIZED * * WIDELY ACCEPTED TEST STANDARD * * RELIABLE PERFORMANCE HISTORY * * ACCURATE METERING SOLUTION * FEATURES: * ASME & ISO RECOGNIZED * * WIDELY ACCEPTED TEST STANDARD * * RELIABLE PERFORMANCE HISTORY * * ACCURATE METERING SOLUTION * * FLEXIBLE DESIGN & MATERIALS * 2 PFS FLOW NOZZLE TYPES PFS-NZF PFS-NZFT

More information

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW ANALYSIS IN A CLUTCH PISTON CHAMBER

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW ANALYSIS IN A CLUTCH PISTON CHAMBER COMPRESSIBLE FLOW ANALYSIS IN A CLUTCH PISTON CHAMBER Masaru SHIMADA*, Hideharu YAMAMOTO* * Hardware System Development Department, R&D Division JATCO Ltd 7-1, Imaizumi, Fuji City, Shizuoka, 417-8585 Japan

More information

Lecture 25 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DESIGN AND ANALYSIS [CONTINUED]

Lecture 25 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DESIGN AND ANALYSIS [CONTINUED] Lecture 5 HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DESIGN AND ANALYSIS [CONTINUED] 1.1 Circuit for Fast Approach and Slow Die Closing A machine intended for high volume production has a high piston velocity. If not controlled,

More information

STATIC AND DYNAMICS. Two Year Warranty

STATIC AND DYNAMICS. Two Year Warranty FORCES HI-TECH Education is a market leader in the manufacture and provision of teaching equipment for Universities and Technical Colleges worldwide for both degree and vocational level. It has been designing

More information

Fundamentals of Turbine Meters. Paul Honchar Sensus Metering Systems

Fundamentals of Turbine Meters. Paul Honchar Sensus Metering Systems Fundamentals of Turbine Meters Paul Honchar Sensus Metering Systems Introduction The majority of all gas measurement used in the world today is performed by two basic types of meters, positive displacement

More information

Low-Cost Pipeline Flow Meter

Low-Cost Pipeline Flow Meter Low-Cost Pipeline Flow Meter By Tony L. Wahl 1 and Henry Magallanez 2 A new low-cost flow meter is being used to measure flows in the discharge pipelines from wells located on the Elephant Butte Irrigation

More information

White paper: Originally published in ISA InTech Magazine Page 1

White paper: Originally published in ISA InTech Magazine Page 1 Page 1 Improving Differential Pressure Diaphragm Seal System Performance and Installed Cost Tuned-Systems ; Deliver the Best Practice Diaphragm Seal Installation To Compensate Errors Caused by Temperature

More information

Formulas and units

Formulas and units Formulas and units Hydraulic system and circuit design is limited only by the creativity of the application engineer. All basic circuit design begins with the ultimate actuator functions in mind however.

More information

IFOA Integral Flow Orifice Assembly

IFOA Integral Flow Orifice Assembly Instruction MI 022-333 July 2007 Introduction IFOA Integral Flow Orifice Assembly The IFOA integral flow orifice assembly is used in conjunction with a Foxboro electronic or pneumatic differential pressure

More information

Engineers Tables SI Units

Engineers Tables SI Units Engineers Tables SI Units 1. Introduction The following tables provide practical information to help you design or set up refrigeration systems using KLEA 407C. We've tried to make the layout as easy as

More information

EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON PERFORMANCE OF WIND TURBINE

EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON PERFORMANCE OF WIND TURBINE Chapter-5 EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON PERFORMANCE OF WIND TURBINE 5.1 Introduction The development of modern airfoil, for their use in wind turbines was initiated in the year 1980. The requirements

More information

FLOW RATE STATIC BALANCING Valves for radiators

FLOW RATE STATIC BALANCING Valves for radiators Balancing part 3 TECHNICAL FOCUS FLOW RATE STATIC BALANCING Valves for radiators The valves for radiators equipped with pre-setting device play a very important role in balancing the heating systems circuits.

More information

Programme area 4a. Fluid Energy Machines

Programme area 4a. Fluid Energy Machines Programme area 4a Fluid Energy 136 Contents: Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 138 Thermodynamics 140 Mechanics / Other 142 Power Engines Hydroturbines Pelton...143 Francis...144 others...145 Steam Turbines...146

More information

Model 8800C Vortex Installation Effects English Rev. CA

Model 8800C Vortex Installation Effects English Rev. CA Model 8800C Vortex Installation Effects 00816-0100-3250 English Rev. CA Model 8800C Vortex Installation Effects MODEL 8800C VORTEX INSTALLATION EFFECTS One of the perceived limitations of vortex meters

More information

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: Parallel and Series Operation 11/11/02

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: Parallel and Series Operation 11/11/02 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: Parallel and Series Operation 11/11/02 1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP Location Sub-basement SB-92. (Manual is available) Introduction This experiment illustrates the basic operation and characteristics

More information

FLUID POWER FLUID POWER EQUIPMENT TUTORIAL HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS. This work covers part of outcome 2 of the Edexcel standard module:

FLUID POWER FLUID POWER EQUIPMENT TUTORIAL HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS. This work covers part of outcome 2 of the Edexcel standard module: FLUID POWER FLUID POWER EQUIPMENT TUTORIAL HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS This work covers part of outcome 2 of the Edexcel standard module: UNIT 21746P APPLIED PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS The material

More information

CAV2001:sessionA

CAV2001:sessionA CAV2001:sessionA9.006 1 CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS OF RESTRICTION ORIFICES (Experiment for Shock ressure Distribution by Cavitation on Restriction s and Occurrence of Cavitation at Multiperforated s due

More information

Piping Systems. J. David Bankston, Jr., and Fred Eugene Baker*

Piping Systems. J. David Bankston, Jr., and Fred Eugene Baker* SRAC Publication No. 373 December 1994 Piping Systems J. David Bankston, Jr., and Fred Eugene Baker* Whether you are pumping water to fill a pond or to aerate, it pays to do it as economically as possible.

More information

SmartCone Differential Pressure Flow Meter User Manual

SmartCone Differential Pressure Flow Meter User Manual SmartCone Differential Pressure Flow Meter User Manual Page 1 Table of Contents Section 1 - SmartCone Introduction... 4 1.1 Introduction... 4 1.2 SmartCone - Meter Components... 4 1.3 Principles of Operation...

More information

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULICS COURSE TEP 4205

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULICS COURSE TEP 4205 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS FOR THE INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULICS COURSE TEP 4205 The book for the course is Principles of Hydraulic System Design, by Peter J Chapple. Published by Coxmoor Publishing Co., UK. Available

More information

Empirical Demonstration and Investigation of Propulsive Performance

Empirical Demonstration and Investigation of Propulsive Performance 46 Chapter 4 Empirical Demonstration and Investigation of Propulsive Performance 4.1 Introduction This chapter describes the characterization of the jet flow and the investigation of the propulsive performance

More information

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/20

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/20 Subject Code: 17522 Model Answer Page No: 1/20 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model

More information

Comparison of Heat transfer Enhancement in Tube in Tube heat exchanger using Different Turbulent Generator.

Comparison of Heat transfer Enhancement in Tube in Tube heat exchanger using Different Turbulent Generator. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIRMA UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD 382 481, 8-10 DECEMBER, 2011 1 Comparison of Heat transfer Enhancement in Tube in Tube heat exchanger using Different Turbulent Generator. A. Mehta

More information

Cross Flow Heat Exchanger H352

Cross Flow Heat Exchanger H352 Cross Flow Heat Exchanger H352 H352 Cross Flow Heat Exchanger Shown With Optional Plain Tube of H352A fitted. Allows Investigation Of Plain And Finned Cross Flow Heat Exchangers. Expandable Free & Forced

More information

Module 6. Actuators. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1

Module 6. Actuators. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1 Module 6 Actuators Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1 Lesson 25 Control Valves Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 2 Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to: Explain the basic

More information

YARWAY NARVIK VEN-TEMP DESUPERHEATER MODEL 25

YARWAY NARVIK VEN-TEMP DESUPERHEATER MODEL 25 Yarway covers requirements for Desuperheaters, pneumatic actuators, strainers with a wide range of models, sizes and materials to satisfy all the specifications of the power, pulp and paper industry and

More information

Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers

Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers Gauges, Sight Glasses and Vacuum Breakers Gauges Pressure gauges Pressure gauges should be installed in at least the following situations: Upstream of a pressure

More information

Silencers. Transmission and Insertion Loss

Silencers. Transmission and Insertion Loss Silencers Practical silencers are complex devices, which operate reducing pressure oscillations before they reach the atmosphere, producing the minimum possible loss of engine performance. However they

More information

ME3264: LAB 9 Gas Turbine Power System

ME3264: LAB 9 Gas Turbine Power System OBJECTIVE ME3264: LAB 9 Gas Turbine Power System Professor Chih-Jen Sung Spring 2013 A fully integrated jet propulsion system will be used for the study of thermodynamic and operating principles of gas

More information

The Multivariable Air Flow Meter

The Multivariable Air Flow Meter The Multivariable Air Flow Meter Model MVC10A/MVC10F OVERVIEW The Multivariable Mass Flow Meter model MVC10A/ MVC10F, a compact has all function necessary to measure nitrogen (N 2 ) gas, carbon dioxcide

More information

Study on Flow Fields in Variable Area Nozzles for Radial Turbines

Study on Flow Fields in Variable Area Nozzles for Radial Turbines Vol. 4 No. 2 August 27 Study on Fields in Variable Area Nozzles for Radial Turbines TAMAKI Hideaki : Doctor of Engineering, P. E. Jp, Manager, Turbo Machinery Department, Product Development Center, Corporate

More information

Application of ABAQUS to Analyzing Shrink Fitting Process of Semi Built-up Type Marine Engine Crankshaft

Application of ABAQUS to Analyzing Shrink Fitting Process of Semi Built-up Type Marine Engine Crankshaft Application of ABAQUS to Analyzing Shrink Fitting Process of Semi Built-up Type Marine Engine Crankshaft Jae-Cheol Kim, Dong-Kwon Kim, Young-Duk Kim, and Dong-Young Kim System Technology Research Team,

More information

FEDSM NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FLOW ANALYSIS OF A CRYOGENIC POWER RECOVERY TURBINE

FEDSM NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FLOW ANALYSIS OF A CRYOGENIC POWER RECOVERY TURBINE Proceedings of FEDSM 98 1998 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting June 1-5, 1998, Washington, DC FEDSM98-4988 NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FLOW ANALYSIS OF A CRYOGENIC POWER RECOVERY TURBINE Nick

More information

COMPUTATIONAL FLOW MODEL OF WESTFALL'S 2900 MIXER TO BE USED BY CNRL FOR BITUMEN VISCOSITY CONTROL Report R0. By Kimbal A.

COMPUTATIONAL FLOW MODEL OF WESTFALL'S 2900 MIXER TO BE USED BY CNRL FOR BITUMEN VISCOSITY CONTROL Report R0. By Kimbal A. COMPUTATIONAL FLOW MODEL OF WESTFALL'S 2900 MIXER TO BE USED BY CNRL FOR BITUMEN VISCOSITY CONTROL Report 412509-1R0 By Kimbal A. Hall, PE Submitted to: WESTFALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY May 2012 ALDEN RESEARCH

More information

Scroll Compressor Oil Pump Analysis

Scroll Compressor Oil Pump Analysis IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Scroll Compressor Oil Pump Analysis To cite this article: S Branch 2015 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 90 012033 View the article

More information

Rosemount 8800 Vortex Installation Effects

Rosemount 8800 Vortex Installation Effects Technical Data Sheet Rosemount 8800 Rosemount 8800 Vortex Installation Effects One of the perceived limitations of vortex meters is that they are highly sensitive to installation effects. Since it is true

More information

The Effects of Pipewall Offsets on Water Meter Accuracy

The Effects of Pipewall Offsets on Water Meter Accuracy Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2014 The Effects of Pipewall Offsets on Water Meter Accuracy Jesse M. Pope Utah State University Follow

More information

d / cm t 2 / s 2 Fig. 3.1

d / cm t 2 / s 2 Fig. 3.1 7 5 A student has been asked to determine the linear acceleration of a toy car as it moves down a slope. He sets up the apparatus as shown in Fig. 3.1. d Fig. 3.1 The time t to move from rest through a

More information

The Multivariable Air Flow Meter

The Multivariable Air Flow Meter No. SS2-MVC200-0100 OVERVIEW The Multivariable Mass Flow Meter AIRcube, a compact has all function necessary to measure nitrogen (N 2 ) gas, carbon dioxcide (CO 2 ) gas and air. The model MVC10A/MVC10F

More information

Flow nozzle for in-pipe installation, model FLC-FN-PIP Flow nozzle for flange assembly, model FLC-FN-FLN Venturi nozzle, model FLC-FN-VN

Flow nozzle for in-pipe installation, model FLC-FN-PIP Flow nozzle for flange assembly, model FLC-FN-FLN Venturi nozzle, model FLC-FN-VN Flow measurement Flow nozzle for in-pipe installation, model FLC-FN-PIP Flow nozzle for flange assembly, model FLC-FN-FLN WIKA data sheet FL 10.03 Applications Power generation Oil production and refining

More information

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TRIANGULAR BAFFLES

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TRIANGULAR BAFFLES International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: 2395-56 Volume: 3 Issue: 8 Aug-216 www.irjet.net p-issn: 2395-72 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH

More information

Yarway Narvik Ven-Temp Desuperheater Model 25

Yarway Narvik Ven-Temp Desuperheater Model 25 Yarway covers requirements for Desuperheaters, pneumatic actuators, strainers with a wide range of models, sizes and materials to satisfy all the specifications of the power, pulp and paper industry and

More information

EMCO Primary Elements for Flow Measurement

EMCO Primary Elements for Flow Measurement EMCO Primary Elements for Flow Measurement Introduction EMCO primary elements measure the flow of liquids, gases and steam according to the differential pressure principle. The primary elements are widely

More information

Fluid Power System Model-Based Design. Energy Efficiency. Fluid Power System Model-Based Design Energy Efficiency. K. Craig 1

Fluid Power System Model-Based Design. Energy Efficiency. Fluid Power System Model-Based Design Energy Efficiency. K. Craig 1 Fluid Power System Model-Based Design Energy Efficiency K. Craig 1 Energy in Fluid Power Systems Fluid Power Systems have many advantages: High Power Density Responsiveness and Bandwidth of Operation High

More information

ORIFICE PLATE METER DIAGNOSTICS

ORIFICE PLATE METER DIAGNOSTICS ORIFICE PLATE METER DIAGNOSTICS Dr Richard Steven, DP Diagnostics PO Box 121, Windsor, Colorado, 80550, Colorado Tel: 1-970-686-2189, e-mail: rsteven@dpdiagnostics.com 1. Introduction Orifice plate meters

More information

Lab 9: Faraday s and Ampere s Laws

Lab 9: Faraday s and Ampere s Laws Lab 9: Faraday s and Ampere s Laws Introduction In this experiment we will explore the magnetic field produced by a current in a cylindrical coil of wire, that is, a solenoid. In the previous experiment

More information

FINAL REPORT MARCH 2008

FINAL REPORT MARCH 2008 AIRFLOW ASSESSMENT OF NOVEL VENTILATION AND MOISTURE DRAINAGE HOLES FINAL REPORT MARCH 2008 Daniel James, Richard Adamec Centre for Wireless Monitoring and Applications Griffith University CWMA WEEPA Ventilation

More information

Quick Start User Guide

Quick Start User Guide Quick Start User Guide 2 Pipe Flow Expert Quick Start Guide Copyright Notice 2015 All Rights Reserved Daxesoft Ltd. Owner of PipeFlow.co.uk and PipeFlow.com Distribution Limited to Authorized Persons Only.

More information

Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles

Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles Assignment-1 Air Standard Cycles 1. What do u mean by air standard cycle? List assumptions for air standard cycle & give reasons why air standard cycle differs from actual cycle. 2. Derive an equation

More information

Pump Analysis 1) Capacity - volume of liquid pumped per unit of time 2) Head

Pump Analysis 1) Capacity - volume of liquid pumped per unit of time 2) Head Pump Analysis 1) Capacity - volume of liquid pumped per unit of time 2) Head - several terms are used as shown in the attached Figures Static Suction Head, h s The difference in elevation between the suction

More information

Pressure Drop Distribution in Smooth and Rib Roughened Square Channel with Sharp 180 Bend in the Presence of Guide Vanes

Pressure Drop Distribution in Smooth and Rib Roughened Square Channel with Sharp 180 Bend in the Presence of Guide Vanes International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 10: 99 114, 2004 Copyright c Taylor & Francis Inc. ISSN: 1023-621X print DOI: 10.1080/10236210490276692 Pressure Drop Distribution in Smooth and Rib Roughened

More information

November 8, 2018 GAS TURBINE ENGINE SECONDARY FLOW SYSTEMS

November 8, 2018 GAS TURBINE ENGINE SECONDARY FLOW SYSTEMS November 8, 2018 GAS TURBINE ENGINE SECONDARY FLOW SYSTEMS Agenda 1 What is Secondary Flow? Purpose for the Secondary Flow Systems Chargeable Vs Nonchargeable Flows Seals Selection and Leakage Effects

More information

25 B43 B43.1 THE MEASUREMENT OF e/m BY THE BAINBRIDGE METHOD

25 B43 B43.1 THE MEASUREMENT OF e/m BY THE BAINBRIDGE METHOD 25 B43 B43.1 THE MEASUREMENT OF e/m BY THE BAINBRIDGE METHOD OBJECT The object of this experiment is to use the Bainbridge method to determine the electron chargeto-mass ratio. DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS

More information

Technical Data Sheet , Rev HB October Rosemount 8800 Vortex Installation Effects

Technical Data Sheet , Rev HB October Rosemount 8800 Vortex Installation Effects Technical Data Sheet 00816-0100-3250, Rev HB October 2018 Rosemount 8800 Vortex Installation Effects 2 Technical Data Sheet Contents 00816-0100-3250 October 2018 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction... 5 1.1

More information

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET Name Period Fire Hose Friction Loss The Varying Variables for the One That Got Away Part 1

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET Name Period Fire Hose Friction Loss The Varying Variables for the One That Got Away Part 1 STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET Name Period Fire Hose Friction Loss The Varying Variables for the One That Got Away Part 1 The questions: How does Friction Loss change with the quality of the fire hose? How does

More information

Washtenaw County DESIGN PROCEDURES AND ENGINEERING STANDARDS FOR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Washtenaw County DESIGN PROCEDURES AND ENGINEERING STANDARDS FOR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS Washtenaw County Department of Planning & Environment Development Services Division DESIGN PROCEDURES AND ENGINEERING STANDARDS FOR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS 705 N. Zeeb Road Phone: (734) 222-3800

More information

DuPont Vespel CR-6100 APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP STATIONARY WEAR PARTS

DuPont Vespel CR-6100 APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP STATIONARY WEAR PARTS DuPont Vespel CR-6100 APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP STATIONARY WEAR PARTS Fluid processing industries have embraced the use of composite materials in pumps to reduce vibration,

More information

FLUID CONTROL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FLUID CONTROL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FLUID CONTROL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FMSEL 2.0 A SOFTWARE FOR FLOWMETER SELECTION AND SIZING FMSEL FLUID CONTROL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KANJIKODE WEST PALAKKAD 678 623 KERALA - INDIA PRECISE Has standardised,

More information

Model CO Compact Orifice for use with Foxboro Differential Pressure Transmitters

Model CO Compact Orifice for use with Foxboro Differential Pressure Transmitters Product Specifications Model CO Compact Orifice for use with Foxboro Differential Pressure Transmitters PSS 3-5A1 E MODEL CO WITH TRADITIONAL STRUCTURE MODEL CO WITH LOW PROFILE STRUCTURE (LP1) MODEL CO

More information

Assignment-1 Introduction

Assignment-1 Introduction Assignment-1 Introduction 1. Compare S.I. engines with C.I engines. 2. Explain with the help of neat sketch, the working of a 2-stroke petrol engine. 3. Derive an equation of efficiency, work output and

More information

Comparative study of the flow within water mist and sprinkler fire protection systems by means of CFD

Comparative study of the flow within water mist and sprinkler fire protection systems by means of CFD Comparative study of the flow within water mist and sprinkler fire protection systems by means of CFD A. Cablé, K. Chetehouna, and N. Gascoin INSA Centre Val de Loire, PRISME Laboratory, 18020 Bourges,

More information

Hovercraft

Hovercraft 1 Hovercraft 2017-2018 Names: Score: / 44 Show all equations and work. Point values are shown in parentheses at the end of the question. Assume g=9.8 m/s/s for all calculations. Include units in your answer.

More information

Nero Needle Valves. Nero Needle Valves

Nero Needle Valves. Nero Needle Valves Nero Needle Valves Main Characteristic The needle valve is mainly designed for water flow rate and pressure regulation in a pipeline. The regulation takes place thank the axial movement of the piston,

More information

LESSON Transmission of Power Introduction

LESSON Transmission of Power Introduction LESSON 3 3.0 Transmission of Power 3.0.1 Introduction Earlier in our previous course units in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, we introduced ourselves to the concept of support and process systems

More information

Air Cylinders Drive System Full Stroke Time & Stroke End Velocity. How to Read the Graph

Air Cylinders Drive System Full Stroke Time & Stroke End Velocity. How to Read the Graph 1-1 Best Pneumatics Air Cylinders Drive System Full Time & End Velocity How to Read the Graph This graph shows the full stroke time and stroke end velocity when a cylinder drive system is composed of the

More information