Stroke Reading Cylinder and Counter

Transcription

1 Stroke Reading Cylinder and Counter CE Series CEP1/CEU5 Resolution: 0.01 mm (ccuracy ± 0.02 mm) Output function: RS-232C CD Output: 5 points (ank switching: points) 31 points (inary output) CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 High Precision Stroke Reading Cylinder CEP1 Series ø, ø Stroke Reading Cylinder CE1 Series ø, ø, ø32, ø40 ø50, ø63 Multi-counter CEU5 Series P.647 P.656 P D- -X

2 ir Cylinder with Measurement Function/Stroke Reading Cylinder CE Series Counter CEU Series The home position can be anywhere within the cylinder stroke. Can be used in an environment where the product is exposed to fluids (water, oil,coolant, etc.) CEP1 Series With special scraper as standard CE1 Series Special order (with scraper) Measurement is possible throughout the full stroke range. When the counter is reset by pressing the cylinder rod to the reference plane, that point becomes the home position. The standard type of the CE1 series does not come with a scraper. Contact SMC since cylinders with a scraper are special orders. High Precision Stroke Reading Cylinder (CEP1) Resolution: 0.01 mm (ccuracy ±0.02 mm) Special scraper now standard (IP-67) 2 types of seal material available (Made to Order) Power supply voltage to 24 VDC uto switch mounting orientation can be freely selected (3 mounting surfaces) Stroke Reading Cylinder (CE1) Resolution: 0.1 mm (ccuracy ±0.2 mm) When used in an environment where the product is exposed to fluids (water, oil, coolant, etc.), the reading cylinder with a scraper is available as a special order. Contact SMC for details. (Except ø, ø) Power supply voltage to 24 VDC bundant stroke variations Improved noise resistance System Configuration Extension cable CE1-R series Stroke reading cylinder CE1 series CEP1 series Counter CEU5 642

3 chieve rationalization of production lines Stroke reading cylinder with position feedback Tolerances of preset values can be set. Tolerances can be set for preset values. + set tolerance, set tolerance (separate settings) Simple operation CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 Multi-counter (CEU5) COM COM COM DCV GND F.G. R.S. HOLD NK1 NK2 MULTI COUNTER:CEU5 UP COUNT PRESET LEFT RIGHT DOWN MODE SEL. SET C100~240VCOM OUT1OUT2OUT3OUT4OUT5S.STOP RD SD SG RS-232C Output terminal: 5 points Number of output settings: points (ank switching) 31 points (inary output) Communication function with RS-232C With CD output (Option) Maximum counting speed 100 khz Prescale function With multiplication switching (1, 2, 4 multiplication) DIN rail mountable 6 digits count display Series Variations CE1 Series ore size CEU5 Standard stroke Count data output RS-232C+CD RS-232C Power supply voltage NPN PNP NPN PNP 100 to 240 VC 24 VDC Output transistor mode Extension Cable Cable length (m) Manufacturable stroke range 25 to to to to to to 600 CEP1 Series ore size Standard stroke Manufacturable stroke range equivalent equivalent 1 to to 300 Strokes other than standard strokes are available upon request. Consult with SMC separately. 643 D- -X

4 CE Series pplication Examples Parts inspection Measures the dimensions of parts, discriminates between good and defective articles, and prevents the mingling of different parts, etc. Confirmation of press-in Can confirm the press-in of a hydraulic cylinder by detecting its stroke. Even if the size of the workpiece changes, the point of press-in completion can be easily changed. Detection of die assembly s deceleration point Since the deceleration point of the die assembly can be set at will, it can be easily changed after replacement of the die assembly. Stop Stop High speed movement Low speed movement Discrimination of direction Maintains a constant height of measuring workpiece height. Length/breadth discrimination Distinguishes either lengthwise or crosswise while correcting the position of a workpiece. Detection of lifter position Can continuously monitor a lifter s stroke. Inspection of machined holes Can detect machined hole depth, burrs and foreign matter, etc. Nozzle height adjustment Maintains a certain height of a workpiece and a nozzle by measuring the height of a workpiece. Controller Controller Chemicals Measurement of dimensions Can measure dimensions of parts. Measurement of machining dimensions Performs adjustment of machining depth, etc. by measuring the part dimensions before machining. Counter 644

5 Stroke Reading Cylinder CE Series Measurement Principle The amount of rod movement in the stroke reading cylinder is detected using an MR element (magnetic resistance element) whose resistance value changes due to magnetic force. The detection unit containing this MR element is called the sensor head. n amplifying circuit and a dividing circuit are required to produce output which can be read by the counter, and these are attached to the cylinder case. The sensor head and amplifier section together are referred to as the sensor unit. Sensor unit mplifier section Sensor head Cylinder unit / Phase Difference Output (90 phase difference output) When movement is expressed by a single line of pulses, it is impossible to accurately identify the current position, because pulse waves appear in both upward and downward directions. ccordingly, in / phase difference output, two lines of pulses are provided, wherein one line detects the movement and the other distinguishes the direction. The CE1 also employs this system. phase phase CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 Magnetic scale rod Count The stroke reading cylinder is equipped with the capability of outputting the piston stroke movement as a pulse signal. The measurement principle is as shown in the drawing below. (1) (2) mplification/interpolation circuit Counter 4 Times Multiplication Function This function increases resolution 4 times by counting 4 for each cycle of pulses, instead of counting 1 for each cycle as is normally the case. In principle, this function counts each time there is a rise or fall in either of the or phase pulses. phase Magnet Magnetic resistance element Piston rod phase Pitch output Count Pitch Signal (1) Magnetic section Non-magnetic section Movement phase phase Signal (2) 1. Scales of magnetic layers and non-magnetic layers are etched at a certain pitch on the piston rod. 2. With movement of the piston rod, a sin, cos 2-phase signal (Signal (1)) is received by the magnetic resistance element. For this wave form, 1 pitch (0.8 mm) becomes exactly 1 cycle. 3. This is amplified and divided into 1/8 parts. s a result, a 90 phase difference pulse signal of 0.1 mm/pulse (Signal (2)) is output. 4. y measuring this pulse signal with the counter, it is possible to detect the piston position with a resolution of 0.1 mm. 5. In the case of the high precision stroke reading cylinder, the sin, cos 2-phase signal obtained in 2 is amplified and divided into 1/ parts. s a result, a 90 phase difference pulse signal of 0.04 mm/pulse (Signal (2)) is output. 6. y multiplying this pulse signal by 4 with the counter, it is possible to detect the piston position with a resolution of 0.01 mm. Counting Speed (khz, kcps) Counting speed indicates the number of pulses that can be counted per second. If the stroke reading cylinder is operated at high speeds, pulse waves are output in shorter cycles. The counting speed of the counter must be higher than the pulse speed for the maximum piston speed when operating. Since the stroke reading cylinder outputs one pulse for each 0.1 mm of movement, 5,000 pulses will be output for each 500 mm of movement. Therefore, a speed of 500 mm/s is equivalent to 5 kcps (khz), but a counting speed 2 to 3 times greater is recommended for actual operation. ccuracy The accuracy is the difference between the dimensions based upon the signals of the stroke reading cylinder and the absolute dimensions. The maximum display error that will appear on the counter s digital display is equal to twice (±1 count) the resolution when the home position is reset and when dimensions are measured. 645 D- -X

6 CE Series Specific Product Precautions e sure to read this before handling the products. Refer to back page 50 for Safety Instructions and pages 3 to for ctuator and uto Switch Precautions. Caution Mounting 1. When screwing a nut or fitting, etc. onto the threaded section at the end of the piston rod, return the piston rod to its fully retracted position, and grasp the exposed portion of the rod across two parallel sides with a wrench. In the case of the high precision stroke reading cylinder, there are no parallel sides. Secure the workpiece with a double nut. Note) Do not apply rotational torque to the piston rod. ore size ø ø to ø32 ø40 to ø63 llowable rotational torque 10 N m N m 30 N m 2. Operate the cylinder in such a way that the load is always applied in the axial direction. In case the load is applied in a direction other than the axial direction of the cylinder, provide a guide to constrain the load itself. When mounting a cylinder, centering should be done carefully. 3. void using the air cylinder in such a way that rotational torque would be applied to the piston rod. Caution Effects of Noise When the stroke reading cylinder is used near a motor, welding machine or other source of noise generation, there is a possibility of miscounting. In this case, noise should be suppressed as much as possible and the following countermeasure should be taken. 1. Connect the shield wire to FG (flame ground). 2. The maximum transmission distance for the stroke reading cylinder is 23 m, but since the output signal is a pulse output, the sensor cable should be wired separately from other power lines. 23 m Stroke reading cylinder When using SMC extension cable and counter. Multi counter CEU5 Noise Counter Measures Methods of dealing with noise are given below. 1. Connect only the shield wire to FG (frame ground). 2. Use a power source separate from large motors and C valves, etc. 3. Run the stroke reading cylinder s cable away from other power lines. 4. Install a noise filter in the 100 VC power line, a varistor in the DC power supply of the sensor cable and a ferritic core in the signal line (sensor cable). Earth ground Ferritic core White lue Yellow rown Red lack F.G. Varister COM COM DCV GND F.G. R.S. HOLD COM NK1 NK2 MULTI COUNTER:CEU5 UP COUNT PRESET LEFT RIGHT 4. e careful to avoid scratches or dents, etc. on the sliding sections of the piston rod. Sensor Unit 1. The sensor unit is adjusted to an appropriate position at the time of shipment. Therefore, never detach the sensor unit from the body. 2. The cylinder should be protected from contact with liquids such as coolants or coolant water. Do not use in an environment where the unit is exposed to fluids. (CE1, CE2, ML2) 3. The sensor cable should not be pulled with a strong force. 4. Since the sensor for stroke reading cylinder adopts the magnetic method, it may result in malfunction if there is a strong magnetic field around the sensor. Use it under the external magnetic field with 14.5 mt or less. This is equivalent to a magnetic field of approximately 18 cm in radius from a welding area using a welding amperage of almost 15,000 amperes. To use the system in a magnetic field that exceeds this value, use a magnetic material to shield the sensor unit. 5. Switches or relays, etc. should not be installed in the power supply line ( to 24 VDC). 646 Reference Varistor: ERZV10D2 (Made by Panasonic Corporation) Noise filter: RSEL-03W, etc. (Made by TDK-Lambda Corporation) Ferritic core: GRFC-10, etc. (Manufactured by KITGW INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.) C100~240V COM OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 OUT4 OUT5S.STOP RD SD SG RS-232C Noise filter If sources of noise generation (motors, C type valves, relays, etc.) are connected on the secondary side of the noise filter, the filter will have no effect. <Counting speed of counter> When the speed of the stroke reading cylinder is greater than the counting speed of the counter, the counter will miscount. For CE1 (when measuring to 0.1 mm), a counter should be used with a counting speed of 10 khz (kcps) or more. nd for CEP1 (when measuring to 0.01 mm), use a counter with a counting speed of 50 khz (kcps) or more when 4 times multiplication is input. <Malfunction due to lurching and bounding> When lurching or bounding occurs at the beginning or end of stroke reading cylinder, or due to other causes, the cylinder speed momentarily increases, and there is a possibility of exceeding the counting speed of the counter or the response speed of the sensor, thereby causing a miscount. Handling of Technical Material The operation manuals should be read before using the CEP1 series high precision stroke reading cylinder, CEU5 multi counter, CE1 scale cylinder and CEU1 3 point preset counter. DOWN MODE SEL. SET

7 High precision stroke reading cylinder L F High Precision Stroke Reading Cylinder Non-rotating Piston Type CEP1 Series ø, ø CEP1 Mounting type Direct mounting rod side tapped type Foot type Rod side flange type ore size ø mm equivalent ø mm equivalent Standard cylinder stroke Refer to Standard Stroke on page 648. How to Order 50 M9W Note) RoHS Note) CE-compliant: When connecting to a multi-counter (CEU5 -D, power supply voltage 24 VDC). Refer to the multi-counter operation manual for details. Made to Order Refer to page 648 for details. Number of auto switches Nil 2 pcs. S 1 pc. n n pcs. uto switch Nil Without auto switch (uilt-in magnet) For the applicable auto switch model, refer to the table below. CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 <Made to Order> Fluororubber seals: -XC22 (Example) CEP1-100-M9N-XC22 <Option> Extension cable CE1 R 05 Cable length 05 5 m m m m Nil Z Suffix Nil C Connector With connector Without connector Extension cable Extension cable & connector Sensor cable length Nil 0.5 m L 3 m Mounting racket Part No. Cylinder part no. Foot CEP1 CEP1 L CEP1 CEP1 L pplicable counter CEU5 series Rod side flange CEP1 F CEP1 F pplicable uto Switches/Refer to pages 941 to 1067 for further information on auto switches. Load voltage uto switch model Lead wire length (m) Electrical Type Special function Wiring Pre-wired entry (Output) connector pplicable load DC C Perpendicular In-line (Nil) (M) (L) (Z) Solid state auto switch Reed auto switch Diagnostic indication (2-color indicator) Water resistant (2-color indicator) Grommet Indicator light Yes Yes No 3-wire (NPN) 3-wire (PNP) 2-wire 3-wire (NPN) 3-wire (PNP) 2-wire 3-wire (NPN) 3-wire (PNP) 2-wire 3-wire (NPN equivalent) 24 V 5 V, V V 5 V, V V 5 V, V V M9NV M9PV M9V M9NWV M9PWV M9WV M9NV 1 M9PV 1 M9V 1 M9N M9P M9 M9NW M9PW M9W M9N 1 M9P 1 M9 1 5 V 96V 96 IC circuit Grommet 100 V 93V wire 24 V V Relay, 100 V or less 90V 90 IC circuit PLC 1 Water resistant type auto switches can be mounted on the above models, but in such case SMC cannot guarantee water resistance. Consult with SMC regarding water resistant types with the above model numbers. 2 1 m type lead wire is only applicable to D-93. Lead wire length symbols: 0.5 m Nil (Example) M9NW Solid state auto switches marked with are produced upon receipt of order. 1 m M (Example) M9NWM 3 m L (Example) M9NWL 5 m Z (Example) M9NWZ Refer to page 655 for details on other applicable auto switches than listed above. For details about auto switches with pre-wired connector, refer to pages 1014 and uto switches are shipped together (not assembled). IC circuit IC circuit IC circuit Relay, PLC 647 D- -X

8 CEP1 Series Cylinder Specifications ction Fluid Proof pressure Maximum operating pressure Minimum operating pressure Piston speed mbient and fluid temperature Lubrication Stroke length tolerance range Cushion Rod non-rotating accuracy Mounting Double acting, Single rod (Non-rotating piston) ir 1.5 MPa 1.0 MPa ø ø 0.15 MPa 0.1 MPa 50 to 300 mm/s 0 to 60 C (No freezing) Non-lube 0 to +1.0 mm Without ø ø ±2 ±3 Direct mounting rod side tapped type (Standard), Foot type, Rod side flange type Symbol Sensor Specifications Made to Order Specifications Click here for details Symbol Specifications -XC22 Fluororubber seals Cable ø7, 6 core twisted pair shielded wire (Oil, Heat & Flame resistant) Maximum transmission distance 23 m (when using SMC cable and counter) Position detection method Magnetic scale rod, sensor head <Incremental type> Magnetic field resistance 14.5 mt Power supply 10.8 to 26.4 VDC (Power supply ripple: 1% or less) Current consumption 50 m Resolution 0.01 mm (With 4 times multiplication) ccuracy ±0.02 mm (1) (at C) Output type Open collector (24 VDC, 40 m) Output signal / phase difference output Insulation resistance 500 VDC, 50 MΩ or more (between case and E) 33.3 Hz 6.8 G 2 hrs. each in X, Y directions 4 hrs. in Z direction Vibration resistance based upon JIS D 1601 Impact resistance 30 G 3 times each in X, Y, Z directions Enclosure IP-67 (IEC Standard) (2) Extension Cable (Option) CE1-R 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, m Note 1) This includes the digital display error of the counter (CEU5). When strokes are over 100 mm, accuracy is ±0.05 mm. Moreover, the overall accuracy after mounting on equipment will vary depending on mounting conditions and the environment. Therefore, the customer should calibrate the equipment as a whole. Note 2) Except for the connector, the cylinder section is the equivalent of an SMC water resistant cylinder. Cylinder Stroke Model Standard stroke Manufacturable stroke range CEP1 1 to 150 CEP1 1 to 300 Strokes other than standard strokes are available upon request for special. Consult with SMC separately. 648

9 High Precision Stroke Reading Cylinder Non-rotating Piston Type CEP1 Series Weight (Sensor cable length 0.5 m, With connector, Without mounting bracket (both ends tapped)) ore size 25 Cylinder stroke Note) For the type with a sensor cable length of 0.5m and without connector (CE1 - Z), 40g is subtracted from the weight shown above. For the type with a sensor cable length of 3m and connector (CE1 - L), add 160g to the weight shown above. For the type with a sensor cable length of 3m and without connector (CE1 - ZL), add 1g to the weight shown above. 100 (kg) uto Switch Proper Mounting Position Regarding dimensions for the auto switch proper mounting position (at stroke end), refer to page 655. CEP1 CE1 Mounting racket (kg) CE2 ML2 Rod side flange (F) Foot (L) Note 1) Including mounting bolt. Note 2) The foot shows the weight for one set (2 pcs.). Rod End Nut Dimensions (2 pcs. are attached as standard.) 30 d Material ø, : Steel D C H Part no. D00032 D00040 pplicable bore size d M5 x 0.8 M8 x 1.25 H C D Electrical Wiring Output type The output signal of the high precision stroke reading cylinder is / phase difference output (open collector output) as shown in the figure below. The relation between the movement distance and the signal output of the high precision stroke reading cylinder is that for each 0.04 mm of movement a one pulse signal is output to both output terminals and. In order to measure with a discrimination of 0.01 mm, a counter with a 4 times multiplication function (CEU5) is required. (White) Stroke reading cylinder movement in mm phase output Input/Output The input/output of the stroke reading cylinder is performed by a ø7 shielded twisted pair wire from the sensor section plus a connector. Connector pin arrangement phase G (White) F H phase E C (Yellow) D COM (blue, brown) (0 V) (Yellow) phase output Output circuit of stroke reading cylinder Stroke reading cylinder Signal Contact signal Wire color Signal name White phase Yellow phase C rown COM (0 V) D E lue Red COM (0 V) + to 24 V D- F G lack 0 V Shield -X 649

10 CEP1 Series Construction ø, q r u i Component Parts Cylinder tube Rod cover Head cover Piston Piston Piston rod Tie-rod Tie-rod nut Seal ring Centering location ring Rod end pin Sensor unit Wear ring ushing luminum alloy luminum alloy luminum alloy luminum alloy luminum alloy Carbon steel Carbon steel Carbon steel luminum alloy luminum alloy Stainless steel Special resin Cast iron Hard anodized Hard chrome plated Hard anodized Hard anodized Hard anodized Hard chrome plated Chromated Chromated White anodized White anodized Quenched With or without connector Component Parts No. Description Material Note No. Description Material Note Magnet Cross recessed countersunk head screw Chromium molybdenum steel Hexagon socket head cap screw Stainless steel Hexagon nut Carbon steel Spring washer Steel wire Spring washer Steel wire Hexagon nut Carbon steel Sensor case gasket NR Piston seal NR Scraper NR Tube gasket NR Rod seal NR O-ring NR O-ring NR Chromated Chromated Chromated Chromated Rod end nut Since there is a possibility of improper operation, please contact SMC regarding the replacement of seals. 650

11 High Precision Stroke Reading Cylinder Non-rotating Piston Type CEP1 Series Dimensions: ø Direct mounting, rod side tapped type: CEP1 Stroke Without connector Cable end ø depth 4 (Positioning pin hole) depth 4 (Positioning pin hole) CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 4 x M5 x 0.8 Thread depth 10 6 Metal connector M14 x 1 4 x M5 x 0.8 depth 6 (ottom ø4.3 through-hole) ø7.5 counterbore depth 4 Width across flats (500 or 3000) ø ø18f8 ø6f7 ø x M4 x 0.7 Thread depth 7.5 SR3.5 M5 x Stroke 7 + Stroke x M5 x 0.8 (Port size) 651 D- -X

12 CEP1 Series Dimensions: ø Foot type: CEP1L Stroke 4 x ø Rod side flange type: CEP1F Stroke (Positioning pin hole) (Positioning pin hole) ø (Positioning pin hole) x ø

13 High Precision Stroke Reading Cylinder Non-rotating Piston Type CEP1 Series Dimensions: ø Direct mounting, rod side tapped type: CEP1 Stroke Without connector Cable end ø depth 4 (Positioning pin hole) depth 4 (Positioning pin hole) CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 4 x M6 x 1.0 Thread depth 6 Metal connector M14 x 1 Width across flats 13 4 x M6 x 1.0 depth 6.5 (ottom ø5.3 through-hole) ø9.5 counterbore depth (500 or 3000) ø ø22f8 ø10f7 ø x M5 x 0.8 Thread depth 10 SR6 M8 x Stroke Stroke 7 2 x M5 x 0.8 (Port size) 653 D- -X

14 CEP1 Series Dimensions: ø Foot type: 4 x ø5.5 CEP1L Stroke ø (Positioning pin hole) Rod side flange type: CEP1F Stroke (Positioning pin hole) ø (Positioning pin hole) x ø

15 CEP1 Series uto Switch Mounting uto Switch Proper Mounting Position (Detection at Stroke End) Operating Range uto switch uto Switch Proper Mounting Position uto switch model ore size D-9 D-9 V D-M9 D-M9 V D-M9 W D-M9 WV D-M9 D-M9 V Note) djust the auto switch after confirming the operating conditions in the actual setting. ore size uto switch model D-9 /9 V D-M9 /M9 V D-M9 W/M9 WV D-M9 /M9 V Since the operating range is provided as a guideline including hysteresis, it cannot be guaranteed (assuming approximately ±30% dispersion). It may vary substantially depending on an ambient environment. CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 Other than the models listed in How to Order, the following auto switches are applicable. For solid state auto switches, auto switches with a pre-wired connector are also available. Refer to pages 1014 and 1015 for details. Normally closed (NC = b contact), solid state auto switch (D-F9G/F9H type) are also available. For details, refer to page D- -X

16 Stroke Reading Cylinder CE1 Series ø, ø, ø32, ø40, ø50, ø63 RoHS Note) Note) CE-compliant: When connecting to a multi-counter (CEU5 -D, power supply voltage 24 VDC). Refer to the counter operation manual for details. L F G D Mounting type oth ends tapped type (Standard) Foot type Rod side flange type Head side flange type Double clevis type CE1 L 32 0 ore size mm mm mm mm mm mm Standard cylinder stroke Refer to Standard Stroke on page 657. <Option> Exension cable CE1-R Cable length 05 5 m m m m 05 Grommet Connector Grommet Grommet Connector Grommet Suffix Nil Extension cable C Extension cable & connector Wiring (Output) 3-wire (NPN) 3-wire (PNP) 2-wire 3-wire (NPN) 3-wire (PNP) 2-wire 3-wire (NPN) 3-wire (PNP) 2-wire 4-wire 3-wire (NPN equivalent) 2-wire 24 V Cable length Suffix for cylinder (pplicable bore size ø40 to ø63) Nil With cushion on both ends N Without cushion R With cushion on rod end H With cushion on head end ø, ø, ø32: Without cushion only. ut, symbol N is not necessary. 5 V, V V 5 V, V V 5 V, V V 5 V, V uto switch Without auto switch Nil (uilt-in magnet) For the applicable auto switch model, refer to the table below. Connector With connector Without connector 1 Water resistant type auto switches can be mounted on the above models, but in such case SMC cannot guarantee water resistance. Consult with SMC regarding water resistant types with the above model numbers. 2 1 m type lead wire is only applicable to D-93. Lead wire length symbols: 0.5 m Nil (Example) M9NW 1 m M (Example) M9NWM 3 m L (Example) M9NWL 5 m Z (Example) M9NWZ None N (Example) J79CN 5 V Nil L M9NV M9PV M9V J79C M9NWV M9PWV M9WV M9NV 1 M9PV 1 M9V 1 96V V 0 V 100 V 72 93V 2 24 V 5 V, V 100 V or less V 90V 73C 5 V, V 24 V or less 80C 79W M9W pplicable uto Switches/Refer to pages 941 to 1067 for further information on auto switches. Load voltage uto switch model Electrical Type Special function entry DC C Perpendicular Reed auto switch Solid state auto switch Indicator light 0.5 m 3 m In-line M9N M9P M9 M9NW M9PW M9W M9N 1 M9P 1 M9 1 F79F 96 72H Nil Z Solid state auto switches marked with Number of auto switches Nil S 3 n 2 pcs. 1 pc. 3 pcs. n pcs. pplicable counter CEU5 series Lead wire length (m) Pre-wired None connector pplicable load (Nil) (M) (L) (Z) (N) are produced upon receipt of order. Refer to page 666 for details on other applicable auto switches than listed above. For details about auto switches with pre-wired connector, refer to pages 1014 and When D-9 (V)/M9 (V)/M9 W(V)/M9 (V)L types with ø32 to ø63 are mounted on a side other than the port side, order auto switch mounting brackets. separately. Refer to page 666 for details. uto switches are shipped together (not assembled). 656 Diagnostic indication (2-color indicator) Water resistant (2-color indicator) With diagnostic output (2-color indicator) Diagnostic indication (2-color indicator) Yes No Yes No Yes Yes How to Order IC circuit IC circuit IC circuit IC circuit IC circuit IC circuit IC circuit Relay, PLC Relay, PLC

17 Stroke Reading Cylinder CE1 Series Cylinder Specifications Fluid Proof pressure Maximum operating pressure Minimum operating pressure Piston speed mbient and fluid temperature Humidity Lubrication Stroke length tolerance range With ir cushion Rod non-rotating accuracy Mounting uto switch ø 0.07 MPa ir 1.5 MPa 1.0 MPa 70 to 500 mm/s 0 to 60 C (No freezing) ø to ø MPa 25 to 85% RH (No condensation) Non-lube ø, ø: ø32, ø40, ø50, ø63: 0 0 ø, ø, ø32 None ø40, ø50, ø63 With ø ±2 ø ±1 ø32, ø40, ø50, ø63 ±0.8 oth ends tapped type (Standard), Foot type, Flange type, Double clevis type Reed type, Solid state type CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 ore size Symbol Mounting racket Part No. Note 1) Foot Flange CQ-L0 CQ-L0 CQ-L032 CQ-L040 CQ-L050 CQ-L063 CQ-F0 CQ-F0 CQ-F032 CQ-F040 CQ-F050 CQ-F063 Double clevis CQ-D0 CQ-D0 CQ-D032 CQ-D040 CQ-D050 CQ-D063 Note 1) When ordering the foot bracket, order 2 pcs. per cylinder. Note 2) Parts belonging to each bracket are as follows. Foot, Flange/ody mounting bolts Double clevis/clevis pin, type C retaining ring for shaft, ody mounting bolts This cannot be used in an environment where the product is exposed to fluids (water, oil, coolant, etc.). The reading cylinder with a scraper is available as a special order. Contact SMC for details. (ø32 to ø63) For ø and ø models, use the CEP1 series with the scraper provided as standard accessory. Sensor Specifications Cable ø7, 6 core twisted pair shielded wire (Oil, Heat & Flame resistant cable) Maximum transmission distance 23 m (when using SMC cable and counter) Position detection method Magnetic field resistance 14.5 mt Power supply 10.8 to 26.4 DC (Power supply ripple: 1% or less) Current consumption 40 m Resolution 0.1 mm/pulse ccuracy ±0.2 mm (at C) (1) Output type Open collector (24 VDC, 40 m) Output signal / phase difference output Insulation resistance 50 MΩ or more (500 VDC measured via megohmmeter) (between case and E) Vibration resistance 33.3 Hz, 6.8 G 2 hrs. each in X, Y directions 4 hrs. in Z direction based upon JIS D 1601 Impact resistance 30 G 3 times each in X, Y, Z directions Enclosure IP65 (IEC Standard) (2) Except connector part Extension cable (Option) 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, m Note 1) This includes the digital display error of the counter (CEU5). Moreover, the overall accuracy after mounting on equipment will vary depending on the mounting conditions and the environment. Therefore, the customer should calibrate the equipment as a whole. Note 2) The cylinder section does not have a water resistant enclosure. Cylinder Stroke ore size Magnetic scale rod <Non-rotating> Sensor head <Incremental type> Standard Stroke Manufacturable stroke range 25 to to to to to to 600 Strokes other than standard strokes are available upon request for special. Consult with SMC separately. Especially, be careful of an eccentric load applied to the rod when the stroke is over 100 mm with a bore size of mm. 657 D- -X

18 CE1 Series Weight (Sensor cable length 0.5 m, With connector, Without mounting bracket (both ends tapped)) ore size Cylinder stroke (kg) Note 1) For the type with a sensor cable length of 0.5m and without connector (CE1 - Z), 40g is subtracted from the weight shown above. For the type with a sensor cable length of 3m and connector (CE1 - L), add 160g to the weight shown above. For the type with a sensor cable length of 3m and without connector (CE1 - ZL), add 1g to the weight shown above. Note 2) The mounting bracket weight is shared with the compact cylinder (CQ2 series). So, refer to the CQ2 series catalog. uto Switch Proper Mounting Position Regarding dimensions for the auto switch proper mounting position (at stroke end), refer to page 665. Rod End Nut Dimensions (1 pc. is attached as standard.) 30 H D d C Part no. NTJ-015 NT-02 NT-04 NT-05 pplicable bore size d M5 x 0.8 M8 x M14 x M18 x 1.5 Material ø, : Steel ø32 to ø63: Rolled steel H C D Electrical Wiring Output type The output signal of the stroke reading cylinder is / phase difference output (open collector output) as shown in the figure below. The relation between the movement distance and the signal output of the stroke reading cylinder is that for each 0.1 mm of movement a one pulse signal is output to both output terminals and. Furthermore, the maximum response speed of the sensor for the stroke reading cylinder is at a maximum cylinder speed of 1500 mm/s (15 kcps). (White) Stroke reading cylinder movement in mm phase output Input/Output The input/output of the stroke reading cylinder is performed by a ø7 shielded twisted pair wire from the sensor section plus a connector. phase (White) phase (Yellow) COM (blue, brown) (0 V) Connector pin arrangement F E G H D C (Yellow) Stroke reading cylinder phase output Output circuit of stroke reading cylinder Signal Contact signal Wire color Signal name C D E F G White Yellow rown lue Red lack phase phase COM (0 V) COM (0 V) + to 24 V 0 V Shield 658

19 Stroke Reading Cylinder CE1 Series Construction ø, ø @0o @2 @0 u r e!9 #0 w #1 #0 t e ø40 to @8o i #3 q!1 w CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 #7 #6!5!9 y #0 #5!7 #4 #1 #2!7 #5 Component Parts Component Parts No. Description Material Note No. Description Material Note 1 Cylinder body luminum alloy 19 Rod end nut Carbon steel 2 Rod cover rass ø to ø Sensor setting plate Cold rolled special steel strip luminum alloy ø32 to ø63 21 Type C retaining ring Carbon steel Head cover Piston Piston rod luminum alloy luminum alloy Stainless steel Magnet Round head Phillips screw Cross recessed countersunk head screw Carbon steel wire Carbon steel wire 6 Rod cover disk luminum alloy 25 Hexagon socket head cap screw Chromium molybdenum steel Sensor unit Sensor setting bracket Sensor setting piece assembly Pin Sensor guide Case setting nut Cushion ring Cushion ring Cushion valve Piston nut Port joint Wear ring Stainless steel Stainless steel Lead-bronze casted Carbon steel Rolled steel Rolled steel Rolled steel Stainless steel Resin ø to ø63 ø to ø32 ø32 to ø63 ø32 to ø63 ø40 to ø63 ø40 to ø63 ø40 to ø63 ø40 to ø63 ø40 to ø63 ø40 to ø Spring washer Case gasket Case screw gasket Piston seal Rod seal Gasket Cushion seal Piston gasket Port seal Joint seal Valve seal Valve retainer seal Steel wire NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 38 Spacer for switch type luminum alloy ø Since there is a possibility of improper operation, please contact SMC regarding the replacement of seals. 659 D- -X

20 CE1 Series Dimensions: ø, ø oth ends tapped type: CE1 ore size Stroke 2 x P (Port size) 2 x øn through 4 x O thread depth R 500 or 3000 Metal connector M14 x 1 + Stroke + Stroke ore size Standard stroke 25, 50, 75, 100, 5, , 50, 75, 100, 5, 150, 175, C D E G H I K L M M5 x 0.8 M8 x ore size N O P Q R T V Y 5.5 M4 x 0.7 M6 x 1 M5 x 0.8 M5 x For rod end nut accessory bracket, refer to page 658. Dimensions for auto switch model D-F79W. 660

21 Stroke Reading Cylinder CE1 Series Foot type: CE1L ore size Stroke 4 x O (Special cap bolt) CEP1 LE LH LL CE1 LX LZ LY 4 x øld L L LS + Stroke + Stroke CE2 ML2 Rod side flange type: CE1F ore size Stroke 2 x øfd FV FX FZ Head side flange type: CE1G ore size Stroke 2 x O (Special cap bolt) FL FV 2 x øfd + Stroke FL 2 x O (Special cap bolt) FX FZ Double clevis type: CE1D ore size Stroke CZ CX CL + Stroke + Stroke CU CW RR 2 x O (Special cap bolt) øcd hole H10 Shaft dg ore size Common Foot type Rod side flange, Head side flange Head side flange Double clevis type O L L LD LE LH LL LS LX LY LZ FD FL FV FX FZ CD CL CU CW CX M4 x 0.7 M6 x CZ RR D- -X

22 CE1 Series Dimensions: ø32, ø40, ø50, ø63 oth ends tapped type: CE1 ore size Stroke 4 x øn through 8 x O thread depth K or 3000 H M E F G ød ø7 C Z M E J X L + Stroke + Stroke T Q I 2 x P (Port size) Metal connector M14 x 1 ø15.5 ore size Standard stroke 50, 75, 100, 5, 150, 175, 0, 250, , 5, 150, 175, 0, 250, 300, 400, 500 0, 300, 500 0, 300, C D E F G H M14 x 1.5 M14 x 1.5 M18 x 1.5 M18 x 1.5 I J K ore size L M N O M6 x 1 M6 x 1 M8 x 1.25 M10 x 1.5 P Rc 1 8 Rc 1 8 Rc 1 4 Rc 1 4 Q T For rod end nut accessory bracket, refer to page 658. Dimensions for auto switch model D-F79W. X Z

23 Stroke Reading Cylinder CE1 Series Foot type: CE1L ore size Stroke LH LE LT 3.2 CEP1 CE1 4 x øld LX LZ LY 4 x O (Special cap bolt) L L LS + Stroke + Stroke CE2 ML2 Rod side flange type: CE1F ore size Stroke 4 x øfd FX FZ FG FL + Stroke Head side flange type: CE1G ore size Stroke 4 x øfd M FV FT M FV FT 4 x O (Special cap bolt) Double clevis type: CE1D ore size Stroke + Stroke FL FX FZ FG 4 x O (Special cap bolt) 4 x O CX CZ CL + Stroke + Stroke CU CW RR T øcd hole H10 Shaft d9 ore size Common O Foot type Rod side flange, Head side flange Rod side Head side flange flange Double clevis type L L LD LE LH LS LT LX LY LZ FD FG FL FT FV FX FZ M CD CL CU CW CX CZ RR T M6 x M6 x 1 M8 x 1.25 M10 x Dimensions for auto switch model D-F79W. 663 D- -X

24 CE1 Series uto Switch Mounting uto Switch Proper Mounting Position (Detection at Stroke End) and Its Mounting Height D-9 D-M9 D-M9 W D-M9 D-9 V D-M9 V D-M9 WV D-M9 V ø to ø U U U 25 U ø32 to ø63 D-9 D-M9 D-M9 W D-M9 D-9 V D-M9 V D-M9 WV D-M9 V D-7 D-80 D-7 H D-80H D-F7 D-J79 D-F7 W D-J79W D-F79F D-F7NT D-F7 D-73C D-80C D-J79C D-79W D-F7 WV D-J7 V D-F7V ø to ø ø32 to ø63 664

25 uto Switch Mounting CE1 Series uto Switch Proper Mounting Position (Detection at Stroke End) and Its Mounting Height uto Switch Proper Mounting Position uto switch model ore size Note) djust the auto switch after confirming the operating conditions in the actual setting. uto Switch Mounting Height uto switch model ore size D-9 D-9 V D-9 V U D-M9 V D-M9 WV D-M9 V U D-M9 D-M9 V D-M9 W D-M9 WV D-M9 D-M9 V D-7 D-80 U D-73 D-80 D-7 H D-80H D-F7 D-J79 D-F7 W D-J79W D-F7 D-F79F D-F7NT U D-73C D-80C U D-F7 V D-F7 WV D-F7V U D-F7NT D-J79C U D-79W uto switch mounting brackets Q2-0 are not used for sizes over ø32 of D-9 V/M9 V/M9 WV/M9 VL types. In that case, the above values indicate the operating range when mounted with the current auto switch installation groove. Minimum uto Switch Mounting Stroke No. of auto switches mounted 1 pc. 2 pcs. D-M9 V D-F7 V D-J79C 5 5 D-9 V D-7 D-80 D-73C D-80C 5 10 D-9 10 (5) 10 D-M9 WV D-M9 V D-F7 WV D-F7VL D-M9 D-F7 D-J79 15 (5) 15 (5) D-72/7 H/80H D-73C/80C/F7 D-F79F/J79/F7 V D-J79C/F7 W D-J79W/F7 WV D-F7V/F D-M9 W D-M9 15 (10) D-7 H D-80H 15 (5) 15 (10) D-79W D-79W U D-F7 W D-J79W D-F7 D-F79F D-F7NT (10) (15) Note) The dimensions stated in ( ) shows the minimum stroke for the auto switch mounting when the auto switch does not project from the end surface of the cylinder body and hinder the lead wire bending space. (Refer to the figure below.) Order auto switches and auto switch mounting brackets separately. CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 Operating Range uto switch model D-9 (V) D-M9 (V) D-M9 W(V) D-M9 (V) D-7 (H)(C) D-80 (H)(C) D-79W D-F7 (V) D-J79(C) D-F7 W(V) D-F7(V) D-F7NT D-F79F ore size Since the operating range is provided as a guideline including hysteresis, it cannot be guaranteed (assuming approximately ±30% dispersion). It may vary substantially depending on an ambient environment. 665 D- -X

26 CE1 Series uto Switch Mounting racket: Part No. uto switch mounting surface ø, ø ore size ø32, ø40, ø50, ø63 Port side C uto switch model D-9 D-9 V D-M9 D-M9 V D-M9 W D-M9 WV D-M9 D-M9 V uto switch mounting surface uto switch mounting rail side only q Q-1 w Q2-0 Two kinds of auto switch mounting brackets are used as a set. q w Port side Set screw (not used) uto switch mounting brackets are not required. uto switch mounting surface,, C q Q-2 w Q2-0 Two kinds of auto switch mounting brackets are used as a set. q w Set screw (not used) Note 1) When a compact auto switch is mounted on the three sides (, and C above) other than the port side of CE1 32 to 50, the auto switch mounting brackets above are required. Order them separately from cylinders. (It is the same as when mounting compact cylinders with an auto switch mounting rail, but not with CE1 63 to 100 compact auto switch installation groove.) Example order: CE M9W 1 unit Q-2 2 pcs. Q2-0 2 pcs. Note 2) uto switch mounting brackets and auto switches are shipped together with cylinders. Note 3) D-9 and D-9 V auto switches cannot be used with the product with a bore size of ø (CE1 ). uto switch model D-7 /80 D-73C/80C D-7 H/80H D-79W D-F7 /J79 D-F7 V D-J79C D-F7 W/J79W D-F7 WV D-F7/F7V D-F79F/F7NT ø to ø Q-1 ore size ø32 ø40 to ø63 Q-2 Note 4) uto switch mounting brackets and auto switches are shipped together with cylinders. [Mounting screw set made of stainless steel] The following set of mounting screws made of stainless steel (including nuts) is available. Use it in accordance with the operating environment. (Please order Q-2 separately, since the auto switch spacer (for Q-2) is not included.) 2: For D-7/8/F7/J7 types D-F7/F7V auto switches are set on the cylinder with the stainless steel screws above when shipped. When an auto switch is shipped independently, 2 is attached. Note 5) Refer to page 1051 for the details of 2. Note 6) When mounting D-M9 (V) on a port other than the ports for ø32, ø40 and ø50, order auto switch mounting brackets Q2-0S, Q-2 and stainless steel screw set 2 separately. uto Switch Mounting racket Weight uto switch mounting bracket part no. Q-1 Q-2 Q2-0 pplicable bore size ø to ø ø32 to ø63 ø to ø63 Weight (g) Other pplicable uto Switches uto switch type Model Electrical entry (Fetching direction) Features D-73 D-80 Grommet (Perpendicular) Without indicator light Reed D-73H, 76H Grommet (In-line) D-80H D-F7NV, F7PV, F7V D-F7NWV, F7WV D-F7VL Grommet (Perpendicular) Without indicator light Diagnostic indication (2-color indicator) Water resistant (2-color indicator) Solid state D-F79, F7P, J79 D-F79W, F7PW, J79W Diagnostic indication (2-color indicator) Grommet (In-line) D-F7 D-F7NT Water resistant (2-color indicator) With timer For solid state auto switches, auto switches with a pre-wired connector are also available. Refer to pages 1014 and 1015 for details. Normally closed (NC = b contact), solid state auto switch (D-F9G/F9H type) are also available. For details, refer to page 959.

27 Multi-counter How to Order Nil P CEU Series CE Series Counter/Extension Cable CEU5 Output transistor mode NPN open collector output PNP open collector output External output Nil Power supply voltage Nil D RS-232C RS-232C + CD 100 to 240 VC 24 VDC COM COM COM VDC GND F.G. R.S. HOLD NK1 NK2 100 to 240 VC MULTI COUNTER:CEU5 COUNT PRESET COM OUT1OUT2OUT3OUT4OUT5 LEFT MODE S.STOP RD UP DOWN SEL. SD RIGHT SG SET RS-232C RoHS Note) Note) CE-compliant: When connecting to a stroke reading cylinder (CE1), a high precision stroke reading cylinder (CEP1) and a stroke reading cylinder with brake (CE2). (CEU5 -D type) Refer to the operation manual for details. CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 Connection Method Extension cable White lue Yellow rown Red lack F.G. High precision stroke reading cylinder If the distance between high precision stroke reading cylinder and multi-counter is over 23 meter, use transmission box. (CE1-H0374) When changing the wiring combination of White- /lue-com and Yellow /rown-com to the combination of White /lue-com and Yellow- /rown-com, the counting direction reverses. COM COM COM VDC GND F.G. R.S. HOLD NK1 NK2 MULTI COUNTER:CEU5 UP COUNT PRESET 100 to 240 VC LEFT MODE COM OUT1OUT2OUT3OUT4OUT5 S.STOP RD DOWN SEL. SD RIGHT SG SET RS-232C CD OUT1 to OUT 5 RS-232C CD output (Refer to page 676.) function is available only for CEU5 -. OUT1 to OUT (ank switching) (1) CD output connector: D-Sub half pitch connector inary output (31 points) (uilt in CEU5 -D) D x 10M-36S (Made by HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD.) (2) pplicable connectors: D x 30M-36P (Plug: Made by HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD.) D x 30M-36-CV (Cover: Made by HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD.) Other interchangeable commercial cables with connectors can be also used. Pressure welding tools are required to connect the connector (plug, cover) models listed above and cables (order separately). The following products, including pre-assembled connectors and cables, are also available. Contact the manufacturer (Misumi Corporation) directly. SHPT-H--36- : Male connector on one end, cable cut off on one end SHPT-HH--36- : Male connectors on both ends 0.2 to 50 (This shows the cable length. Unit: m) 667 D- -X

28 CEU Series Multi-counter/Specifications Model CEU5 CEU5-D CEU5P CEU5P-D CEU5 CEU5-D CEU5P CEU5P-D Type Mounting Operating system Operation mode Reset system Display system Number of digits Multi-counter Surface mounting (DIN rail or Screw stop) dding - subtracting type Operating mode, Data setting mode, Function setting mode External reset terminal LCD (With back light) 6 digits Memory holding {Storage medium} Setting value (always held), Count value (Hold/Non-hold switching), {E 2 ROM (Warning display after writing approx. 800,000 times: E2FUL)} Input signal type Count input Pulse signal system Counting speed Control signal input Sensor power supply Count input, Control signal input (Reset, Hold, ank selection) No-voltage pulse input 90 phase difference input 1 / UP/DOWN separate input khz 1 Voltage input ( VDC or 24 VDC) 10.8 to 13.2 VDC, 60 m Output signal type Preset output, Cylinder stop output Preset output, Cylinder stop output, CD output Preset output configuration Output type Output delay time Communication system Compare/Hold/One-shot (100 ms fixed pulse) Separate 5 point output/inary code output 5 ms or less (for normal output)/60 ms or less (inary output) RS-232C Output transistor mode Power supply voltage Power consumption Withstand voltage Insulation resistance mbient temperature mbient humidity Noise resistance Shock resistance Impact resistance Weight 1) 90 phase difference input phase I NPN open collector Max 30 VDC, 50 m 90 to 264 VC 21.6 to 26.4 VDC V or less 10 W or less phase J C D t Counting input pulse duration : : C : 2.5 µsec or more required D : t : 10 µsec or more required PNP open collector Max 30 VDC, 50 m 90 to 264 VC 21.6 to 26.4 VDC V or less 10 W or less NPN open collector Max 30 VDC, 50 m 3 90 to 264 VC 21.6 to 26.4 VDC V or less 10 W or less PNP open collector Max 30 VDC, 50 m 3 90 to 264 VC 21.6 to 26.4 VDC V or less 10 W or less etween case and C line: 1500 VC for 1 min. etween case and signal ground: 500 VC for 1 min. etween case and C line: 50 MΩ or more (500 VDC measured via megohmmeter) 0 to +50 C (No freezing) 35 to 85% RH (No condensation) Square wave noise from a noise simulator (pulse duration 1 µs) between power supply terminals ±00 V, I/O line ±600 V Endurance 10 to 55 Hz; mplitude 0.75 mm; X, Y, Z for 2 hours each Endurance 10 G; X, Y, Z directions, 3 times each 350 g or less Multi-counter/Dimensions 24 x M3 x 0.5 COM COM COM VDC GND F.G. R.S. HOLD NK1 NK2 MULTI COUNTER:CEU5 UP COUNT PRESET LEFT RIGHT MODE 100 to 240 VC COM OUT1OUT2OUT3OUT4OUT5S.STOP RD DOWN SEL. SET SD SG RS-232C (DIN rail mounting) 1 1 Counting speed f = = = Hz t 10 x khz 2) UP/DOWN input Input wave form conditions: t a maximum of 100 khz, the UP/DOWN wave form should be as shown below. UP pulse + V ±10% 7 4 x ø CD output connector DOWN + V pulse ±10% ) 15 m when CD is output (Refer to page 676.) 668

29 Counter CEU Series Wiring with External Equipment <Wiring with multi-counter CEU5> 1. Wiring of power source for driving counter For power source for driving counter, use the one with 90 to 264 VC, 50/60 Hz or 21.6 to 26.4 VDC, 0.4 or more. 2. Wiring for control signal input (Selection among Reset, Hold, ank (Refer to page 676.)) Make each control signal to be the transistor which can run more than 15 m or the contact output. Input time for reset signal should be more than 10 ms. ank (Refer to page 676.) selection and hold will function only when the input signal is applied. COM is common to each signal input. pplicable to NPN and PNP input. Use 24 VDC or VDC for the power source of COM. Connect DC when PNP is applied, and DC+ when NPN is applied. 3. Output circuit There are two outputs, the NPN open collector and the PNP open collector. The maximum rating is 30 VDC, 50 m. Operating the controller by exceeding this voltage and amperage could damage the electric circuit. Therefore, the equipment to be connected must be below this rating. Model Connection method NPN transistor output CEU5 - OUT1 COM OUT2 COM OUT5 COM Load Load Load Max DC30V, 50m PNP transistor output CEU5P - OUT1 COM OUT2 COM OUT5 COM Load Load Load Max DC30V, 50m CEP1 CE1 CE2 ML2 CEU5 Control signal input COM However, the COM of the input circuit and the COM of the output circuit are electrically insulated from each other. 1 kω 2.2 kω Control signal input (Select Reset/ Hold/ank) or Power supply (24 or VDC) Extension Cable How to Order CE1-R Cable length 05 5 m m m m Suffix Nil Extension cable Extension cable C & connector CE1 R Extension cable CE1 R00C Stroke reading cylinder side connector (unit) R04-J8M7.3 (Made by Tajimi Electronics Co., Ltd.) CE1 R C 669 D- -X