ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM. 1. General ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE
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1 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 69 ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM 1. General The engine control system for the 3VZ FE engine has the same basic construction and operation as for the 2VZ FE engine. However, the sequential multi point fuel injection system and ACIS (Acoustic Control Induction System), etc., are used to adapt the engine control system to the 3VZ FE engine. Comparison of the engine control system between the 3VZ FE engine and 2VZ FE engine is as follows: System EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) Page 75 Cold Start Injector Control ESA (Electronic Spark Advance) Outline A L type EFI system is used, which directly detects intake air volume with a vane type air flow meter. The fuel injection system is a sequential multi point fuel injection system. The fuel injection system has 3 groups injecting to two cylinders each. When the coolant temperature is below 60 C (140 F) the injection duration of the cold start injector is controlled by the ECU. At 22 C (71.6 F) or lower, it is controlled by the start injector time switch. Ignition timing is determined by the ECU based on signals from various sensors. 3VZ FE 2VZ FE Page 75 It retards ignition timing to suppress knocking. ISC (Idle Speed Control) ACIS (Acoustic Control Induction System) Page 76 Air Conditioner Cut Off Control OD Gear Shift Lockout Control* 1 Fuel Pressure Control Oxygen Sensor Heater Control* 2 A step motor type ISC system is used which controls the fast idle and idle speeds. The intake air passages are switched according to the engine speed and throttle valve angle to increase performance in all speed ranges. By controlling the air conditioner compressor in accordance with the throttle valve opening angle and the vehicle speed, drivability is maintained. Prohibits OD gear shift in accordance with engine condition to maintain good drivability and acceleration performance. For hot engine starting, the fuel pressure is increased to improve restartability. Maintains the temperature of the oxygen sensor at an appropriate level to increase accuracy of detection of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. When the ECU detects a malfunction, the ECU diagnoses and memorizes the failed section. Diagnosis Page 78 A test mode function has been added. Fail Safe Page 80 When the ECU detects a malfunction, the ECU stops or controls the engine according to the data already stored in memory. * 1 : Applicable only to automatic transaxle models. * 2 : Applicable only to California specification vehicles.
2 70 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 2. Construction Items highlighted by are modified (from the 2VZ FE engine) or added to the 3VZ FE engine. For Manual Transaxle Models
3 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 71 For Automatic Transaxle Models
4 72 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 3. Summary of Engine Control System The table below summarizes the engine control system for the 3VZ FE engine. Items highlighted by changes in control items and sensors. are
5 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE Engine Control System Diagram * Applicable only to California specification vehicles.
6 74 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 5. Arrangement of Engine Control System Components
7 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE Modifications of Main Components The main components construction and operation of the 3VZ FE engine remain basically the same as the 2VZ FE engine. However, the specifications changes shown below have been made. Component Oxygen Sensor Knock Sensor Engine 3VZ FE 2VZ FE Main without Heater, 1 (for Left Bank) without Heater, 1 (for Right Bank) with Heater, 1 Sub* with Heater, 1 without Heater, 1 Built In Piezoelectric Element Type, 2 (for Left and Right Banks) * Applicable only to California specification vehicles. 7. EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) Built In Piezoelectric Element Type, 1 (between Left and Right Banks) 1) Fuel Injection Pattern and Fuel Injection Timing In the sequential multi point fuel injection system, the air fuel mixture is introduced into each cylinder every time the engine completes two revolutions. In addition, the injection timing is regulated optimally according to the engine load condition. 2) Fuel Injection Duration Control Air Fuel Ratio Feedback Correction An oxygen sensor (mains sensor) is installed in both the left and right banks of the 3VZ FE engine to implement air fuel ratio feedback correction separately for each bank. 8. ESA (Electronic Spark Advance) General The ESA system of the 3VZ FE engine differs from that of the 2VZ FE engine in terms of the roles of the ECU and igniter. See page 50 under 5S FE for details.
8 76 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 9. ACIS (Acoustic Control Induction System) General The ACIS (Acoustic Control Induction System) is realized by using a bulkhead to divide the intake pipe into two stages, with a valve in the bulkhead being opened and closed to vary the effective length of the intake pipe in accordance with the engine speed and throttle valve opening angle. This increases the power output in all ranges from low to high speeds. Air inside the engine s intake pipe does not flow at a constant speed, but pulsates. Pulsation consists of high pressure and low pressure portions. If the pressure in the upperstream of the valve is high immediately before the intake valve is closed, a larger amount of air is drawn in to increase the engine torque. This is called the dynamic effect of the intake air. The ACIS is designed to maximize this effect by changing the intake air pipe length in two stages according to the frequency of pulsation, which varies in accordance with engine speed. System Diagram
9 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 77 Function of Components Component Distributor Sensor Throttle Position Sensor VSV (Vacuum Switching Valve) Intake Control Valve ECU Function Detects the engine speed. Detects the throttle valve opening angle. Opens and closes the vacuum passage to the actuator. Opens and closes the valve via the actuator. Sends activating current to VSV according to signals from each sensor. System Operation 1) When the intake control valve opens (VSV OFF) The ECU deactivates the VSV to match the shorter pulsation cycle so that atmospheric air is led into the diaphragm chamber of the actuator and opens the control valve. When the control valve is open, the effective length of the intake air chamber is shortened and peak intake efficiency is shifted to the high engine speed range, thus providing greater output at high engine speeds. 2) When the intake control valve closes (VSV ON) The ECU activates the VSV to match the longer pulsation cycle so that negative pressure acts on the diaphragm chamber of the actuator. This closes the control valve, and the intake air chamber functions as an intake manifold.
10 78 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 10.Diagnosis General A test mode function like that in the 5S FE engine is added to the diagnostic system of the 3VZ FE engine to improve the self diagnostic system and simplify troubleshooting. Diagnostic Items Code No. Item Diagnostic* 1 Mode Normal Test 12 RPM Signal 13 RPM Signal Ignition Signal ECT Control Signal Main Oxygen (on left bank) Water Temp. Intake Air X 24 Temp. * 2 25 Air Fuel Ratio Lean Malfunction 26* 2 Air Fuel Ratio Rich Malfunction Diagnosis No NE or G 1 and G 2 signal to ECU within 2 sec. after cranking. Open in G ( ) circuit. No NE signal to ECU for 0.1 sec. or more at 1000 rpm or more. No 12 pulses of NE to ECU during the interval between G 1 and G 2 pulses. No IGF signal to ECU for 6 consecutive IGT signal. Fault in communications between the engine CPU and ECT CPU in the ECU. Main oxygen sensor signal voltage is reduced to between 0.35 V and 0.7 V for 60 sec. under conditions (a)(d). (a) Coolant temp. : Between 70 C (158 F) and 90 C (194 F) (b) Engine speed : 1500 rpm or more (c) Load driving (EX. ECT in 4th speed, A/C ON Flat road, 80 km/h (50 mph)). (d) Main oxygen sensor signal voltage : Alternating above and below 0.45 V. Open or short circuit in water temp. sensor circuit for 0.5 sec. or more. Open or short circuit in intake air temp. sensor circuit for 0.5 sec. or more. Malfunction Stored in Memory Main oxygen sensor voltage is 0.45 V or less (lean) for 90 sec. under conditions (a) and (b). (a) Coolant temp. : 50 C (122 F) or more (b) Engine speed : 1500 rpm or more * 2 Difference of air fuel ratio feedback compensation value between right and left banks is more than 15 percentage for 10 sec. or more under conditions (a) and (b). (a) Engine speed : Idling (b) Coolant temp. : Between 70 C (158 F) and 95 C (203 F)
11 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE 79 Code No. Item 27* 2 Sub Oxygen Main Oxygen (on right bank) Air Flow Meter Signal Air Flow Meter Signal Diagnostic* 1 Mode Normal Test Diagnosis (1) Open or short in heater circuit of sub oxygen sensor for 0.5 sec. or more. (2) Main oxygen sensor signal is 0.45 V or more and and sub oxygen sensor signal is 0.45 V or less under conditions (a)(c). (a) Coolant temp. : 80 C (176 F) or more (b) Engine speed : 1500 rpm or more (c) Accel pedal : Fully depressed for 2 sec. or more Malfunction Stored in Memory Same as code No. 21. Throttle X 41 Position * Vehicle Speed (for ECT) Vehicle Speed (for M/T) Starter Signal Knock (on left bank) Knock Control Signal Knock (on right bank) All conditions below are detected continuously for 0.5 sec. or more. (a) Idle switch : ON (IDL) (b) Voltage of terminal Vs : 0.1 V or less (c) Engine speed : 1500 rpm or less V s exceeds 4.9 V for 0.5 sec. or more. Open or short in throttle position sensor circuit (V TA ) for 0.5 sec. or more. All conditions below are detected continuously for 8 sec. or more. (a) Vehicle speed signal : 0 km/h (mph) (b) Engine speed : 3000 rpm or more (c) Neutral start switch (NSW) : OFF X X All conditions below are detected continuously for 8 sec. or more. (a) Vehicle speed signal : 0 km/h (mph) (b) Engine speed : Between 3000 rpm and 4500 rpm (c) Coolant temp. : 80 C (176 F) or more (d) Load driving. X No starter signal to ECU. No No. 2 knock sensor signal to ECU for 2 crank revolutions with engine speed between 1600 rpm and 5200 rpm. Engine control computer (for knock control) malfunction at engine speed between 650 rpm and 5200 rpm. No. 1 knock sensor signal to ECU for 2 crank revolutions with engine speed between 1600 rpm and 5200 rpm. No
12 80 ENGINE 3VZ FE ENGINE Code No. Item 71* 2 EGR System Malfunction 51 Switch Condition Signal Diagnostic* 1 Mode Normal Test X Diagnosis EGR gas temp. is 70 C (158 F) or below for 14 min. under conditions (a) and (b). (a) Coolant temp. : 60 C (140 F) or more (b) EGR operation possible (EX. ECT in D range, A/C ON, 96 km/h (60 mph), Flat road). (1) 3 sec. or more after engine starts, idle switch OFF (IDL). (2) Neutral start switch OFF (NSW). (Shift position in R, D, 2 or 1 ranges) (3) A/C switch ON. Malfunction Stored in Memory * 1 : mark in the diagnostic mode column indicates that the CHECK ENGINE lamp will light up when a diagnosis is conducted and a malfunction is detected. X mark indicates that the lamp will not light even if a malfunction is detected during a diagnosis. mark indicates that diagnosis is not performed for that item. * 2 : Only for California specification vehicles. 11.Fail Safe The fail safe function of the 3VZ FE engine is the same as that of the 2VZ FE engine, except for the signal circuit from the air flow meter added to it. When the Air Flow Meter has Malfunctions If the air flow meter has malfunctions and diagnostic Code No. 31 or 32 is detected, the ECU determines injection duration by means of the throttle position signal (IDL). Also, the ignition timing is fixed at the initial ignition timing, 5 BTDC, regardless of the engine speed. No
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